scholarly journals Effect of feed restriction and feeding plans on performance, slaughter traits and body composition of growing rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Birolo ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
Marco Tazzoli ◽  
Gerolamo Xiccato
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Gains

Two feeding systems (L, <em>ad libitum vs. </em>R, feed restriction) were combined with 3 feeding plans (MM, MH, HH) to evaluate the effects on performance, slaughter results, body composition and nitrogen balance of 300 commercial crossbred rabbits kept individually from weaning to slaughter (34-70 d of age). The R rabbits were fed from 80% (first days on trial) to 100% (end of 3rd wk) of <em>ad libitum </em>intake, whereafter R rabbits had free access to feed. The 3 feeding plans were: MM plan, M diet with moderate digestible energy (DE) content, 10.6 MJ/kg, throughout the trial; HH plan, H diet with high DE content, 11.1 MJ/kg, throughout the trial; MH plan, M diet for the first 3 wk and H diet for the last 2 wk. Feed restriction did not affect nutrient digestibility, growth rate on the whole trial and slaughter results, but improved feed conversion (2.96 <em>vs. </em>2.89 in L and R rabbits, respectively; <em>P</em>&lt;0.01) and reduced N excretion (2.16 <em>vs. </em>2.07 g excreted N/d, in L and R rabbits; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05). At the end of the first period (55 d), R rabbits showed lower empty body protein, lipid, and gross energy gains than L rabbits, but differences disappeared within the end of the trial. The HH plan improved feed conversion (2.97 <em>vs. </em>2.89 for MM <em>vs. </em>HH; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05), but increased excreted N (2.03 <em>vs. </em>2.17 g/d; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) in comparison with the MM plan due to the higher digestible protein/DE ratio of H diet, whereas the MH plan showed intermediate results. In conclusion, a moderate feed restriction during post weaning improved feed conversion and reduced N excretion without negative effects on growth or slaughter results. Moreover, N excretion was confirmed to depend largely on dietary nitrogen content.

scholarly journals Feed restriction in growing rabbits: performance and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Luiz Machado ◽  
Rosiane Camargos ◽  
Eugenio Martinez-Paredez ◽  
Caroline Faria ◽  
Jássia Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Ad Libitum

Strategies that reduce feeding costs became extremely important in the pandemic period, which provided a great increasing in the rabbit feeding costs. Feed restriction can improve intestinal health as well as to economize feed in the farm. This work aimed to evaluate the productive performance and digestibility in growing rabbits submitted to feed restriction. Therefore, 160 rabbits weaned at 32 days of age were distributed into two groups, which consisted of ad libitum and feed restriction. Rabbits with feed restriction received 50g per day in the week after weaning, 100g daily from 53 to 60 days of age and ad libitum from 39 to 53 and 61 to 74 days of age. Rabbits of the ad libitum group has free access to feed throughout all experimental period (32 to 74 days of age). For the digestibility assay, total faeces collection was performed using 10 animals from each treatment of the growing experiment. Rabbits with feed restriction were lighter at 39, 53 and 60 days, but reached 74 days with similar slaughter weight, showing compensatory growth. The productive performance of rabbits with feed restriction was impaired within the two restriction periods, with subsequent recovery. The treatments alternated superiority for daily weight gain in the different evaluated periods, although considering the entire period, there was similarity. Outside the restriction periods and considering the entire experimental period, daily feed consumption was similar, suggesting that there were no significant feed savings. Feed conversion was similar when consider all period. There were no significant effects on the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and mineral matter. Feed restriction at the proposed levels can be used without impairing the performance of rabbits.

scholarly journals Feed restriction in growing rabbits: performance and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Luiz Machado ◽  
Rosiane Camargos ◽  
Eugenio Martinez-Peredez ◽  
Caroline Faria ◽  
Jássia Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Ad Libitum

Strategies that reduce feeding costs became extremely important in the pandemic period, which provided a great increasing in the rabbit feeding costs. Feed restriction can improve intestinal health as well as to economize feed in the farm. This work aimed to evaluate the productive performance and digestibility in growing rabbits submitted to feed restriction. Therefore, 160 rabbits weaned at 32 days of age were distributed into two groups, which consisted of ad libitum and feed restriction. Rabbits with feed restriction received 50g per day in the week after weaning, 100g daily from 53 to 60 days of age and ad libitum from 39 to 53 and 61 to 74 days of age. Rabbits of the ad libitum group has free access to feed throughout all experimental period (32 to 74 days of age). For the digestibility assay, total faeces collection was performed using 10 animals from each treatment of the growing experiment. Rabbits with feed restriction were lighter at 39, 53 and 60 days, but reached 74 days with similar slaughter weight, showing compensatory growth. The productive performance of rabbits with feed restriction was impaired within the two restriction periods, with subsequent recovery. The treatments alternated superiority for daily weight gain in the different evaluated periods, although considering the entire period, there was similarity. Outside the restriction periods and considering the entire experimental period, daily feed consumption was similar, suggesting that there were no significant feed savings. Feed conversion was similar when consider all period. There were no significant effects on the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and mineral matter. Feed restriction at the proposed levels can be used without impairing the performance of rabbits.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Citric Acid and Phytase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Body Composition of Labeo rohita Fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Atif Yaqub ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Anjum ◽  
Komal Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plant Materials

Aquaculturists have been concentrating their efforts to design aquafeeds using agro by-products to reduce feed costs. However, the presence of a wide variety of antinutritional factors (ANFs) in plant materials is one of the major obstacles. For this purpose, a 2x2 factorial experiment was established to evaluate the suitability of canola meal with citric acid (CA) and phytase (PHY) supplementation for growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets; D1 (control; without CA and PHY), D2 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D3 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D4 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) and D5 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) were fed to fish (mean initial weight 7.61±0.31 g) in triplicates for 90-days. The growth performance was significantly increased while feed conversion ratio was decreased with D3 compared to control and other CA and PHY supplemented groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, higher digestibility (%) of nutrients (dry matter, crude protein and ash) and improved whole-body composition was also exhibited by fish fed with D3 (P<0.05). Hence, the above results elucidate that supplementation of 30 g/kg CA with 1000 FTU/kg PHY could be a useful approach for improved growth performance, nutrients digestibility and body composition of L. rohita.

Growth of lambs given different allowances of digestible crude protein and metabolisable energy

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
M.R. Cropper ◽  
D.P. Poppi ◽  
A.M. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Composition Changes

In a market where high levels of fat on lamb carcases are not favoured, the supposition that a lamb, given adequate feeding, will grow protein preferentially to gaining lipid, holds interest. However, this idea runs counter to the evidence that body composition is not manipulable in sheep. Therefore, an experiment was undertaken to implement extreme treatments of protein and energy supply to determine to what extent the contrasting views on body composition changes in growing lambs are justified.Seventy-two Coopworth ram lambs (mean liveweight, (LW) 30.4, s.d. 1.1 kg) were given one of the three feeds of different digestible crude protein (DCP) content at one of three allowances (ad libitum (AL), 1.2 (H) or 0.8 (L) kg/day). The feeds (H, M and L) were formulated as shown in Table 1. Feed M was a mixture of 0.55 Feed H and 0.45 Feed M. The proximate composition, measured DCP and estimated metabolisable energy (ME) content of the feeds is given in Table 1. ALH and ALM lambs were also choice-fed with ad libitum access to feed L. 8 lambs at the start of the experiment and 4 lambs per treatment at 6 and 12 weeks were slaughtered for analysis of body protein (PR), lipid (LP) and wool protein (WP).

scholarly journals Calorie Restriction Modulates Reproductive Development and Energy Balance in Pre-Pubertal Male Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Rizzoto ◽  
Deepa Sekhar ◽  
Jacob C. Thundathil ◽  
Prasanth K. Chelikani ◽  
John P. Kastelic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective was to determine effects of feed restriction and refeeding on reproductive development and energy balance in pre-pubertal male rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 32, 24 days old, ~65 g), were randomly allocated into four treatments (n = 8/treatment): (1) Control (CON, ad libitum feed; (2) Mild Restriction (MR, rats fed 75% of CON consumption); (3) Profound Restriction (PR, 50% of CON consumption); or (4) Refeeding (RF, 50% restriction for 14 days, and then ad libitum for 7 days). Feed restriction delayed reproductive development and decreased energy balance and tissue accretion, with degree of reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions related to restriction severity. In RF rats, refeeding largely restored testis weight, sperm production (per gram and total), plasma IGF-1, leptin and insulin concentrations and energy expenditure, although body composition did not completely recover. On Day 50, more CON and RF rats than PR rats were pubertal (5/6, 4/5 and 1/6, respectively; plasma testosterone >1 ng/mL) with the MR group (4/6) not different. Our hypothesis was supported: nutrient restriction of pre-pubertal rats delayed reproductive development, induced negative energy balance and decreased metabolic hormone concentrations (commensurate with restriction), whereas short-term refeeding after profound restriction largely restored reproductive end points and plasma hormone concentrations, but not body composition.

Growth and feed conversion of Jersey and Friesian bulls in relation to plane of nutrition

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Leche
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mature Size

Sixty Jersey and 48 Friesian bull calves were reared from birth on either of two planes of nutrition. A milk replacer and a concentrate diet were given before and after weaning respectively. The Jerseys were weaned at 45 kg and the Friesians at 77 kg. At liveweights arranged in logarithmic progression between birth and 249 kg, three calves of each treatment group were killed for analysis of body composition. Before and after weaning, the Friesians grew more rapidly than the Jerseys on the same treatment. They were also more efficient in terms of feed intake per liveweight gain. Similarly, calves of both breeds on the high plane of nutrition grew faster and more efficiently than the corresponding calves on the low plane. The growth of the Friesians was affected less by the feed restriction than was that of the Jerseys. After weaning, the feed conversion efficiency of the Friesians did not change significantly with increasing liveweight. Feed efficiency was reduced in the Jerseys as they grew larger. These results are compared with others from the literature and are discussed in relation to the difference in mature size between these breeds.

scholarly journals Use of ractopamine during compensatory gain of finishing pigs on carcass and meat performance and quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M.J. Barbosa ◽  
A.M. Bridi ◽  
A.K. Novais ◽  
R.K.S. Santos ◽  
G. Frederico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ethereal Extract ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Compensatory Gain

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of compensatory gain associated with the use of 10ppm ractopamine after a period of feed restriction in finishing pigs on performance, carcass and meat quality. Twenty castrated males and 20 females, at 110 days of age and 66.137±6.13kg live weight, were submitted to four treatments using a 2 x 2 factorial design (fed ad libitum or with 20% restriction between 0(21 days of age and fed with or without 10ppm ractopamine for 22(42 days of experimentation), with 10 replicates (animals). There was no interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated parameters. Animals treated with ractopamine presented better weight gain (1.083 versus 1.259kg), feed conversion (2.910 versus 2.577), warm and cold carcass weight (86.08 versus 89.00 and 83.46 versus 87.20kg, respectively), loin depth (63.02 versus 68.40mm), loin eye area (41.43 versus 46.59mm2) and muscle fiber diameter (27.48 versus 35.85μm). Animals submitted to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed presented compensatory gain without losses to carcass and meat characteristics, but with a reduction in the ethereal extract (2.19 versus 1.64%) and lower water loss due to thawing in the meat (11.35 versus 9.42%). The effects of compensatory gain after food restriction and ractopamine are independent of the parameters evaluated.

scholarly journals Performance and hormonal profile in broiler chickens fed with different energy levels during post restriction period

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Fernanda Giachetto ◽  
Erika Nomura Guerreiro ◽  
Jesus Aparecido Ferro ◽  
Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro ◽  
Renato Luis Furlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Metabolic Hormone

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of diet energy level on performance and hormonal profiles of broilers during post restriction period. It was a split-plot experiment, and the main treatments were in a 2x2 factorial scheme. Birds were fed restricted to 30% of the ad libitum intake, from 7 to 14 days of age. After the restriction period, birds were fed ad libitum with diets containing low (2,900 kcal ME/kg) or high (3,200 kcal ME/kg) energy until 49 days of age. Broilers fed with high energy ration showed lower feed intake and better feed conversion and decreased carcass protein; however, abdominal fat pad, and total carcass fat were not affected by ration energy levels or feeding program. Neither diet energy level nor feed restriction program changed body weight at 49 days. The profile of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was reduced during the feed restriction period, but increased at refeeding period. Feeding program and ration energy level did not affect T3, T4 and growth hormone serum concentrations. Feed restriction at 30% of ad libitum intake is not enough to promote changes on carcass quality, related to fat deposition, and on metabolic hormone levels, except IGF-1 seric level that has rapid increase after feed restriction.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AT THE STARTER PHASE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M Tion ◽  
M. T. Orga ◽  
I. A. Adeka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two hundred and twenty five day old straight run broiler chicks were utilized in completely randomized design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of four groups of chicks to 92.5% 85.0%, 77.5% and 70.0% of the unrestricted (control) group in the starter phase and following adlibitum feeding for all groups in the finisher phase. The treatments were simply designated as A, B, C, D and E. The starter phase in which the restriction was carried out lasted 28 days and the finisher phase 42 days. Parameters evaluated during the starter and finisher phases included; growth rate, feed conversion ration and mortality rate. Results show gain in weight among all groups while the group fed diet B and the control had comparable weight gain at the starter phase. The percentage weight difference between the control and each of the other dietary groups was: 4.4%, 8.4%, 8.6% and 10.4% for the treatments B, C, D and E respectively. Feed gain ration improved as the level of restriction became stricter. Following ad-libitum feeding of all grops at the finisher phase, the feed restricted groups at the starter phase voraciously increased their feed intake, thus, producing comparable performance values with the unrestricted (control) group in weight gain in the 8th week of the study. Although birds in all groups averaged more than 2000g final live weight in 10weeks, significant differences exist between groups that were fed diets C, D, and E that were restricted at the starter phase, an indication that complete compensatory growth was not obtainable. Feed gain ration improved for restricted groups. Mortality rate did not show any trend attributable to levels of feed restriction. This study shows that broiler chicks fed restricted levels of balanced diet at the starter phase but later fed ad-libitum at the finisher phase could attain a finished weight of about 2000g or more at a market age of 10 weeks (70 days) with an improvement in feed gain ration.

scholarly journals Influence of timing and duration of feed restriction on growth and economic performance of finisher broiler chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 6976-6986
Author(s):  
OA Makinde ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cost Of Production

The study investigated different feed restriction programs during an 8-week broiler chicken growing cycle as a management strategy for reducing cost of production. Initially, 90 Hubbard day-old chicks fed ad libitum a commercial starter feed supplying 24% crude protein and 3000 kcal of ME/kg for 4 weeks. Thereafter, they were randomly allotted to five different feed restriction programs (R0, R5, R56, R67 and R57) utilizing finisher diets supplying 19% crude protein and 2850 kcal of ME/kg from 5-8 weeks. Each program had three replicates and six birds per replicate. Unrestricted (R0) was the control where birds fed ad libitum. In R5, birds were restricted the 5th week; R56, 5th and 6th weeks; R67, 6th and 7th weeks, and R57, 5th and 7th weeks. However, all the feed-restricted birds fed ad libitum in the 8th week. Feed restriction involved feeding one-third feed intake of R0 birds starting from 14.00 to 18.00 h daily and performance parameters recorded. Feed restriction negatively affected growth performance as the severity of restriction increased. Final body weight, carcass weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake were similar (P>0.05) for R0 and R5 but higher than R56, R67 and R57. However, feed restriction did not significantly affect (P>0.05) carcass and breast yields or feed conversion ratio except for R67, the least (P<0.05) feed efficient. Feed cost, cost of production and revenue declined as the period of restriction increased. However, profit or profit/kg live weight, economic efficiency (EE) of feed and relative EE of feed were highest for R0 followed by R5, R56, R57 and R67 in that order. Generally, birds restricted for 1 week performed better than those restricted for 2 weeks and birds restricted continuously for 2 weeks before the last week of re-alimentation and slaughter were inferior to others. These results suggest that the duration and timing of feed restriction can reduce cost in broiler meat production without seriously affecting performance or economics of production depending on the restriction program applied.

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