Peri-Implantitis In Dental Implants: An Updated Review

ABSTRACT The use of dental implants has revolutionized the treatment of partially and fully edentulous patients today. While in many cases dental implants have been reported to achieve long-term success, these are also not immune from the complicationsincludingperi-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process which involves bone loss around osseointegrated implant in function. The etiology of the disease has been attributed to bacterial infections, occlusal overload, surgical trauma, faulty or incorrect prosthetic design and/ or improper implant placement. Diagnosis is based on changes in colour of the gingiva, bleeding and probing depth of peri-implant pockets, suppuration, x-ray and gradual loss of bone height around the tooth. Treatment modalities will differ depending upon whether it is a case of periimplantmucositis or periimplantitis, Therapeutic objectives focus on control of infection, detoxification of the implant surface and regeneration of the alveolar bone. This review article gives a brief description of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and various treatment options in the management of periimplant disease.

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Application of Immediate Loaded Mini Dental Implants for Retaining Mandibular Overdenture Prosthesis in Edentulous Patients: A Systematic Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10724

Author(s):

Abdulaziz A. AlHelal

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

English Literature ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Marginal Bone Loss ◽

Probing Depth ◽

The Mean ◽

Edentulous Patients ◽

Mandibular Overdenture

The aim was to systematically review the efficacy of immediate loaded mini dental implants (MDIs) to retain mandibular overdentures in regards to survival rates of MDIs, peri-implant clinical and radiographic tissue response and associated factors. A literature search of English literature was performed using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and PubMed using predetermined inclusion criteria. Specific terms were utilized in searching from the inception of the respective databases up to April 2021. The focused question was: Do immediate loaded MDIs supporting mandibular overdentures present favorable treatment options for prosthetic rehabilitation? The 11 articles included in the present review examined 349 patients (198 males + 171 females [66.65 ± 6.28 years]) in which 1190 MDIs were placed to retain mandibular overdentures. The mean follow-up duration was 24.5 months. The cumulative survival rate of MDIs was 97.3%. The mean scores of plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing ranged between 0–3, 0–3, and 1.203–1.76 respectively, whereas the mean marginal bone loss values ranged from 0.42 ± 0.56 mm to 1.26 ± 0.64 mm. The results identified that the application of immediate loaded MDIs to retain mandibular overdentures are a potential treatment modality for edentulous patients.

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Antimicrobial Effects of Three Different Treatment Modalities on Dental Implant Surfaces

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 429-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Olav I. Larsen ◽

Morten Enersen ◽

Anne Karin Kristoffersen ◽

Ann Wennerberg ◽

Dagmar F. Bunæs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Positive Control ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Dental Implant Surface

Resolution of peri-implant inflammation and re-osseointegration of peri-implantitis affected dental implants seem to be dependent on bacterial decontamination. The aims of the study were to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 3 different instrumentations on a micro-textured dental implant surface contaminated with an avirulent or a virulent Porphyromonas gingivalis strain and to determine alterations to the implant surface following instrumentation. Forty-five dental implants (Straumann SLA) were allocated to 3 treatment groups: Er:YAG laser, chitosan brush, and titanium curette (10 implants each) and a positive (10 implants) and a negative (5 implants) control. Each treatment group and the positive control were split into subgroups of 5 implants subsequently contaminated with either the avirulent or virulent P. gingivalis strain. The antimicrobial effect of instrumentation was evaluated using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Implant surface alterations were determined using a light interferometer. Instrumentation significantly reduced the number of attached P. gingivalis (P < .001) with no significant differences among groups (P = .310). A significant overall higher median score was found for virulent compared with avirulent P. gingivalis strains (P = .007); the Er:YAG laser uniquely effective removing both bacterial strains. The titanium curette significantly altered the implant surface micro-texture. Neither the Er:YAG laser nor the chitosan brush significantly altered the implant surface. The 3 instrumentations appear to have a similar potential to remove P. gingivalis. The titanium curette significantly altered the microstructure of the implant surface.

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Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Patients with Double Crown and Locator Attachment - Retained Overdentures Supported by a Combination of Natural Tooth and Strategic Implants: Case Series

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2019-0038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Marko Milosavljevic ◽

Milica Jovanovic ◽

Dejan Zdravković ◽

Jelena Todic ◽

Jelena Eric

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Case Series ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽

Removable Partial Denture ◽

Partial Denture ◽

First Case ◽

Dental Office ◽

Food And Drink ◽

Edentulous Patients

Abstract Prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients and patients with one or two own teeth can be established by different treatment modalities. The most commonly used in the treatment of these patients is conventional complete denture or removable partial denture. However, due to increasing problems with this type of therapy, such as insufficient retention, stability, comfort and pain during mastication, it is suggested an overdenture supported by two natural teeth or implants. We will present series of clinical reports. In two clinical cases patients came to the dental office because of the impossibility of wearing lower partial denture, and in one case patient had problems with the upper partial denture. After clinical examination and radigraphic analysis, in all patients, dental implants were implanted. In first case there were implanted two dental implants in the region 41 and 43, in second case it was region 33, and in third case implanatiton is performed in the region of 14, 11, 21. Prosthetic rehabilitation was done after 3-months bone oseointegration period. The treatment consisted in the production of double crowns and overdentures that are retained with locator attachment. This design of the denture significantly improves the quality of patient’s life (the dentures are stable, chewing is improved, the feeling of thermal sensations of food and drink is present, the feeling of taste is complete, and the psychological patient becomes safer).

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The stiff total knee arthroplasty: causes, treatment modalities and results

EFORT Open Reviews ◽

10.1302/2058-5241.4.180105 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 602-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Pain Control ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Patellar Ligament ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Surgical Trauma ◽

Physical Medicine ◽

Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation ◽

Total Knee

It is clear that the stiff total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a multifactorial entity associated with preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Management of the stiff TKA is best achieved by preventing its occurrence using strategies to control preoperative factors, avoid intraoperative technical errors and perform aggressive, painless postoperative physical medicine and rehabilitation; adequate pain control is paramount in non-invasive management. Careful attention to surgical exposure, restoring gap balance, minimizing surgical trauma to the patellar ligament/extensor mechanism, appropriate implant selection, pain control and adequate physical medicine and rehabilitation (physiotherapy, Astym therapy) all serve to reduce its incidence. For established stiff TKA, there are multiple treatment options available including mobilization under anaesthesia (MUA), arthroscopic arthrolysis, revision TKA, and combined procedures. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:602-610. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180105

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Surface Modified Techniques and Emerging Functional Coating of Dental Implants

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10111012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1012

Author(s):

Heng Dong ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Na Zhou ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Guangwen Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Functional Coatings ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Functional Coating ◽

Bioactive Coatings ◽

Coating Methods ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Physical And Chemical

Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration, but there are still problems leading to implant failures in clinical application, such as failed osseointegration, marginal bone resorption, and peri-implantitis, which restrict the success rate of dental implants and patient satisfaction. Poor osseointegration and bacterial infection are the most essential reasons resulting in implant failure. To improve the clinical outcomes of implants, many scholars devoted to modifying the surface of implants, especially to preparing different physical and chemical modifications to improve the osseointegration between alveolar bone and implant surface. Besides, the bioactive-coatings to promote the adhesion and colonization of ossteointegration-related proteins and cells also aim to improve the osseointegration. Meanwhile, improving the anti-bacterial performance of the implant surface can obstruct the adhesion and activity of bacteria, avoiding the occurrence of inflammation related to implants. Therefore, this review comprehensively investigates and summarizes the modifying or coating methods of implant surfaces, and analyzes the ossteointegration ability and anti-bacterial characteristics of emerging functional coatings in published references.

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Implant Installation With Simultaneous Ridge Augmentation. Report of Three Cases

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00083 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 595-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jun-Beom Park

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Graft Material ◽

Ridge Augmentation ◽

Dental Implantation ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Staged Approach ◽

Adequate Quantity

The anatomic limitations of the residual alveolar bone may cause problems for the insertion of dental implants because implant placement requires an adequate quantity and quality of bone. Ridge augmentation has been performed to reconstruct alveolar ridges as support for the placement of dental implants with a high success rate. However, a staged approach requires multiple surgeries and more treatment time. In this report, the patients were treated with dental implantation with simultaneous ridge augmentation in both submerged and nonsubmerged cases. The prostheses were well in function without any probing depth or gingival inflammation up to final evaluation. It may be suggested that dental implantation with simultaneous bone grafting may be an option when the graft material can be well stabilized around the implants. Further evaluations over long periods of time are needed to monitor the clinical results.

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Major advances in minimally traumatic surgery in implantodontics: the concise systematic review

MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.54448/mdnt21516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Author(s):

André Luiz Ravasoli ◽

Pedro Ferrari de Paula ◽

Thaina Regina da Silva ◽

Elias Naim Kassis

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Surgical Trauma ◽

Elastic Tissue ◽

Surgical Time ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Living Tissues

Introduction: Dental implant procedures have reached about one million dental implants per year in the world. In this context, it is necessary to establish the state of the art of minimally traumatic procedures for dental implants, especially after bone graft procedures and/or the use of biomaterials for bone elevation. In this context of optimizing techniques for better management of dental implants, faster and more accurate methods were developed by dentists, with post-operative results with better results and quality of life, through minimally invasive procedures. Objective: To carry out a concise systematic review of minimally traumatic surgery for dental implants, as well as to elucidate the main techniques for this. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review Platform-PRISMA were followed. The survey was conducted from July 2021 to October 2021 and was developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. Study quality was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: Since the most primordial extraction techniques were created and developed, several attempts have been made to minimize the professional's effort, reduce surgical time and alleviate bleeding and inflammatory processes, edema, pain, and ecchymosis that can affect patients, in the trans and postoperative periods. Thus, the maximum preservation of the integrity of the soft tissues (papillae and free and inserted gingival band) adjacent to the prosthetic spaces should be sought; preservation of the alveolar bone ridge level. Based on the histological concept in which living tissues are formed by cells joined by thin elastic tissue and with nerve fibrils, capillaries, lymphatic and blood vessels. The disruption of these cells by surgical trauma provides the release of enzymes that delay healing. For this reason, surgical trauma should be minimized. Conclusion: There are many attempts to minimize the professional effort, reduce surgical time and alleviate bleeding and inflammatory processes, edema, pain, and ecchymosis that can affect patients. Thus, the maximum preservation of the integrity of the soft tissues adjacent to the prosthetic spaces and the preservation of the level of the ridge of the alveolar bone to achieve a minimization of surgical trauma must be sought.

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CLINICAL STUDIES OF THE STABILITY AND PROCESS OF OSTEOINTEGRATION OF DENTAL IMPLANTS DURING IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED IMPLANTATION

The actual problems in dentistry ◽

10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-4-97-103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

Petr Grishin ◽

Elena Kalinnikova

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Primary Stability ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Delayed Implantation ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Osseointegrated Implants ◽

Surface Microstructures ◽

The Stability

Subject. Analysis of the literature confirms that there is a definite relationship between surface microstructure, implant geometry, thread design and primary stability, and osseointegration processes. To date, a sufficient number of works on direct and delayed implantation have accumulated. However, there is not enough convincing clinical data on the quantitative assessment of primary stability at different periods of the osseointegration process. Despite the existence of experimental and clinical observations, it seems impossible to make a definite judgment about the mechanism of such a relationship. This chapter presents clinical studies of the stability and osseointegration of dental implants when performing, according to the indications, in 414 patients of direct and delayed implantation using implant systems with different surface microstructures. Goal. Conduct clinical studies of quantitative indicators of stability and osseointegration of implants with different microstructure of the surface during direct and delayed implantation. Methodology. For the clinical study of primary stability and the process of osseointegration during direct and delayed implantation with immediate functional loading, implant systems with different surface microstructures were used: Alfa Bio, Mis, Astra-Tech, Dentium, Ostem, Antogher, and also Humana Dental with an innovative surface. Osseointegrated implants have been used to achieve a predictable treatment outcome in clinical cases with partial or complete adentia, as well as in the presence of single, included defects. Results. There were no significant differences in stability indicators at the time of implant placement in the alveolar bone, depending on the type of implant and the method of implantation. Conclusions. In the process of integration of the implant into the bone tissue at a later date, the indicators of stability and osseointegration improve. The relationship between the appearance of the implant surface, primary stability and the time of its adaptation was revealed.

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A Comparative Analysis on the Curative Effects of Different Treatment for Infections Around Dental Implants

Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research ◽

10.26689/jcnr.v5i4.2249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 251-255

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Ting Tang ◽

Min Jin ◽

Lili Fang ◽

Aihua Ou

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Research Group ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Guided Bone Regeneration ◽

Control Group ◽

Implant Infection ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: To analyze and evaluate the clinical efficacy of different treatment options for patients with peri-implant infection. Methods: The study period was from June 2019 to June 2020. Seventy-six patients with peri-implant infection that were treated in Stomatological Hospital of Hefei were selected as study samples. The patients were divided into a research group and a control group by random number table method in which the sample size of each group was n=38. Patients in the control group were treated with drugs combined with ultrasonic cleaning while patients in the research group were treated with guided bone regeneration combined with flap curettage. The indicators of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: The plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). However, the height of the implant marginal bone of the study group after treatment was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of guided bone regeneration combined with flap curettage for patients with infection around dental implants promotes the fusion of bone and implants. The clinical effect was significant and this should be comprehensively promoted in medical institutions at all levels.

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Saliva Versus Peri-implant Inflammation: Quantification of IL-1β in Partially and Totally Edentulous Patients

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00224 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 169-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Flaviana Soares Rocha ◽

Rainde Naiara Rezende Jesus ◽

Fabiana Maria Soares Rocha ◽

Camilla Cristhian Gomes Moura ◽

Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Early Stage ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Edentulous Patients ◽

Potential Use

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of salivary IL1β in early-stage diagnostics of peri-implant inflammation in partially and totally edentulous patients rehabilitated with dental implants. Patients were classified according to peri-implant probing depth and bleeding upon probing in groups of healthy individuals or in groups of individuals with peri-implant inflammation. Data on plaque index, clinical attachment loss, suppuration, and mobility were also assessed. Saliva was collected without stimulation, and the levels of IL-1β were determined by ELISA. Healthy groups demonstrated significantly lower levels of IL-1β compared with the inflammation groups. No difference in IL-1β levels was observed between partially edentulous or totally edentulous patients. Salivary IL-1β may be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of early peri-implant inflammation, particularly in edentulous patients.

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