Epidemiology of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Rezaul Karim ◽  
KM Umashankar ◽  
Jayeeta Mukherjee ◽  
Ramya Cristy ◽  
Bhaskarananda Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Infertile Men

ABSTRACT Introduction The prevalence of infertility in the general population is 15 to 20%. Of this, the male factor is responsible for 20 to 40%. In Indian couples seeking treatment, the male factor is the cause in approximately 23% of the cases. In a World Health Organization multicenter study, 45% of infertile men were found to have either oligozoospermia or azoospermia. A study from a tertiary care hospital in India reported 58% azoospermia and 24% oligozoospermia in infertile men. Aims and objectives To analyze the epidemiology of male infertility. Results In this study of 100 cases of male infertility, 64% of the patients are in the age group 25 to 35 years, 31% of the patients are in the age group of >35 to 45 years, 4% of the patients are in the age group of more than 45 years, and 1% of the patients are in the age group of <25 years. Of the total patients, 34% (n = 37) are business people, 5% (n = 5) are clerks, 2% (n = 2) are contractors, 13% (n = 13) are drivers, 2% (n = 2) are factory workers, 6% (n = 6) are farmers, 5% (n = 5)are government workers, 3% (n = 3) each are hotel workers and jute mill workers, and 2% (n = 2) each are laborers, painters, and tea stall workers. Conclusion Male infertility is multifactorial: Age, occupation, and habits have a significant impact on the seminal parameters. Modifiable behaviors like cessation of smoking and alcohol are cost-effective in normalizing the semen parameters and thereby restoring fertility. How to cite this article Umashankar KM, Mukherjee J, Cristy R, Seal B, Karim R, Ray CD, Bandyopadhyay S, Biswas J. Epidemiology of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):101-106.

scholarly journals Is there a place for nutritional supplements in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility?

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Arcaniolo ◽  
Vincenzo Favilla ◽  
Daniele Tiscione ◽  
Francesca Pisano ◽  
Giorgio Bozzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Idiopathic Male Infertility ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Wide Variability

Objective: Infertility affects 15% of couples in fertile age. Male factor is a cause of infertility in almost half of cases, mainly due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). The purpose of this study is to review the effects of nutritional supplements as medical treatment for idiopathic male infertility. Material and methods: A Pub Med and Medline review of the published studies utilizing nutritional supplements for the treatment of male infertility has been performed. Results: Clinical trials on Vitamin E, Vitamin A, Vitamin C. Arginine, Carnitine, N-Acetyl-Carnitine, Glutathione, Coenzyme Q10, Selenium and Zinc were reviewed. Although there is a wide variability in selected population, dose regimen and final outcomes, nutritional supplements both alone and in combination seems to be able to improve semen parameters (sperm count, sperm motility and morphology) and pregnancy rate in infertile men. Conclusions: There are rising evidences from published randomized trials and systematic review suggesting that nutritional supplementation may improve semen parameters and the likelihood of pregnancy in men affected by OAT. This improvement, however, is not consistent and there is a wide variation in the treatment regimens used. Well designed and adequately powered RCTs are needed to better clarify the role of nutritional supplements as treatment for male infertility.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS VACCINATION COVERAGE OF CHILDREN OF AGE GROUP 12 - 23 MONTH RESIDING IN THE FIELD PRACTICE AREA OF TERTIARY HOSPITAL.

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Jayesh Dhananjay Gosavi ◽  
Deppa H Velankar ◽  
Sumedha M Joshi ◽  
Sumit G Wasnik ◽  
Sudarshan Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 12

Background:It is estimated that annually more than 89 lakh children in the country do not receive all vaccines that are available under the UIP– the highest number compared with any other country in the world. Objective: This study was carried out to assess vaccination coverage of children of age group 12 - 23 month residing in the eld practice area of tertiary hospital. Material & methods: This was sectional study conducted at eld practice area of tertiary care hospital during January 2017 to July 2018. Study population was children in the age group 12-23 month. As per WHO norm for identication of sample size for vaccination coverage in study area 30 cluster sampling method is preferred. Results: In the study 188 (89.52%) children were Fully Immunized. 22 (10.48%) children were partially immunized and none of the child was non immunized. overall coverage of BCG was 98.5, for PENTA3 was 96.3%, OPV3 was 96.3% and Measles was 89.8%. Conclusion: Overall immunization coverage in the area is good and higher than the national coverage level. There is no signicant difference in the immunization status of Male and Female children.

scholarly journals DRUG UTILIZATION STUDY IN OPHTHALMOLOGY OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN A GOVERNMENT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MAHARASHTRA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Nishandar Tb ◽  
Kale As ◽  
Pise Hn ◽  
Jambhrunkar Sd
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group

Objective: Drug utilization research is an essential part of pharmacoepidemiology as it describes the extent, nature, and determinants of drug exposure. Indiscriminate use of topical antibiotics, steroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs causes histological and structural changes in the conjunctiva. The present study was proposed to investigate prescription and drug utilization practices in ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) in a government tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra.Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital of rural Maharashtra, India, from January 2015 to June 2016 after approval of the institutional ethics committee. Patients of all age group and of either gender attending ophthalmology OPD in a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Patients not willing to consent as well as follow-up patients were excluded from the study. Data collection was done in a predesigned pro forma. Prescriptions were evaluated for demographic data, World Health Organization (WHO) core drug prescription indicators. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel® 2007.Results: In a total of 600 patients, females outnumbered males. A bit less than a half of patients belonged to the age group of 19–45 years. An average number of drugs per encounter was (1080/600), i.e. 1.8. Of 1080 total drugs prescribed, 678 drugs (62.78%) were prescribed by their generic name. 1027/1080 (95.09%) drugs were prescribed from the National List of Essential Medicines and 671/1080 (62.13%) drugs prescribed were from the WHO- Essential medicines List. Total encounters having antibiotics and injectable formulations were 274 (45.66%) and 4 (0.66%), respectively.Discussion: Drug utilization studies (DUS) are a tool for assessing the prescribing, dispensing, and distribution of drugs. The main aim of DUS is to facilitate rational use of medicines. Overall findings of the study suggest that ophthalmologists’ drug prescribing habits were appropriate to a larger extent in the current setting.

scholarly journals Review of Clinical Trials on Effects of Oral Antioxidants on Basic Semen and Other Parameters in Idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senka Imamovic Kumalic ◽  
Bojana Pinter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Year 2000

Infertility affects 50 to 80 million people worldwide. Male factor is a cause of infertility in almost half of cases, mainly due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). With common diagnostic methods no cause can be found in approximately 30% of cases of male infertility due to OAT and these are considered idiopathic. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in male infertility and are proved to be higher in infertile men; antioxidants could oppose their effect. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on clinical trials in the period from year 2000 to year 2013 studying the effects of various types of antioxidant supplements on basic and other sperm parameters and pregnancy rates in subfertile males with idiopathic OAT. The majority of studies were randomized and placebo controlled and confirmed beneficial effect of antioxidants on at least one of the semen parameters; the biggest effect was determined on sperm motility. In many of these trials combinations of more antioxidants were assessed. The optimal dosages of one or more antioxidants were not defined. We concluded that antioxidants play an important role in protecting semen from ROS and can improve basic sperm parameters in case of idiopathic OAT.

scholarly journals Prescription Patterns of Antituberculosis Drugs in Treatment of Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Andgra Pradesh, a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnakanth K ◽  
Chakrapani Cheekavolu ◽  
Poojala Kumar ◽  
Ravi Shankar K ◽  
Jagadeesh A
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
National Tuberculosis

The success of tuberculosis treatment is based upon the prescription pattern following Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program/National Tuberculosis Elimination Program/World Health Organization guidelines, reflecting the burden of the disease which is increasing yearly. This implicates the variations in prescriptions advised in the treatment of tuberculosis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the prescription patterns of tuberculosis treatment in a tertiary hospital at Andhra Pradesh, India. Ninety-two patients were included in the study after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent. The prescription patterns were evaluated and compared to the standard guidelines. The mean age of the patients was 38.72 and showed male preponderance. Six regimens were used during the treatment. The patients showed good recovery which concludes that following the standard prescription pattern provides a good success rate in the treatment of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescribing pattern among paediatric patients attending tertiary care hospital in South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
R. P. Priyadharsini ◽  
R. Kesavan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Essential Drug List ◽  
Paediatric Age

Background: The usage of antibiotics among paediatric age group in India is on the higher side, that more than 60% of children in the age group 0 to 4 years received antibiotics. The higher use of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance, increased health care costs, adverse drug reaction and may complicate the treatment of infections in future. There is a continuous need to monitor the prescription of antibiotics at all health care levels to prevent antibiotic resistance.Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was conducted in one of the pharmacies which dispenses the paediatric prescriptions in a tertiary hospital. The prescriptions used to treat infection were collected and analysed. A total of 500 prescriptions were collected and analysed.Results: The prescriptions were analysed for the WHO prescribing indicators. The average number of drugs per prescription is 1.84 with 21% of the prescriptions containing antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillin like amoxycillin, phenoxymethyl penicillin followed by cotrimoxazole and cephalosporin group of antibiotics. The antibiotics prescribed belonged to the access group of antibiotics. The percentage of the prescriptions with drugs form essential drugs list and prescribed with generic name is 65.8% and 67% respectively. There were no injections prescribed.Conclusions: The antibiotic prescribing pattern and the average drugs per prescription falls with the WHO range indicating reduced use of antibiotics and absence of polypharmacy. However, the prescription of generic drugs and the drugs from the essential drug list is less.

scholarly journals A study on the immunisation status and the factors responsible for incomplete immunization amongst children of age group 0-12 months coming to a tertiary care hospital (IGIMS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4331
Author(s):  
Shivani Sinha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Setu Sinha ◽  
Varsha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Vaccines are safe, simple and one of the most cost-effective way to save and improve the lives of children. The World Health Organization launched the Global Programme of Immunization in 1974 and Government of India launched the same in India on 1st January, 1978, with a view to provide protection to the children against disease and to reduce infant mortality rate.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in the immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital (IGIMS) of Patna district. The study unit were children of age group 0 to 12 months attending the immunisation clinic of IGIMS Patna. The study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2017, for a period of 12 months.Results: About 40% of children were fully immunized, about 73.3% were having immunization card.Conclusions: Immunizations is one of the biggest public health achievements of the last century, saving millions of lives and preventing illness and lifelong disability in millions more. Many childhood diseases which is now preventable by vaccines often resulted in hospitalization, death or lifelong consequences only a few decades ago. Without immunizations, serious outbreaks of many of the diseases we are now protected from can reoccur. There is a need to create awareness regarding the importance of vaccination, as well as the consequences of partial immunization, parents views must also be taken into consideration when the programme is planned, especially those with a lower educational level.

scholarly journals A study of serum zinc levels in children admitted with pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in India

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 426-429
Author(s):  
Ashrin A Naushad ◽  
Ashrin A Naushad ◽  
Lalitha Kailas ◽  
Sreekanth K Sivaraman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Background: Worldwide, pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age; especially, in developing countries. Objectives: The objective of the study is to investigate whether zinc deficiency and other nutritional factors are related to pneumonia in children between 6 months and 5 years old. Methodology: In this casecontrol study, a valid written consent was obtained from mothers of enrolled children. The cases included 75 children fulfilling the World Health Organization criteria for pneumonia, between the age group of 6 months and 5 years. They were interrogated for potential nutritional risk factors as per a predesigned proforma followed by a measurement of serum zinc levels. In the control group, 75 children of the same age group who were siblings of admitted children were included along with other children of the same age group admitted for non-respiratory complaints. A detailed case history was obtained and physical examination was done according to a predesigned proforma to elicit various potential risk factors. A semi-auto analyzer was used to measure the serum zinc levels through colorimetric methods using 5-bromo-PAS. Results: Significant nutritional risk factors identified were low serum zinc level, malnutrition, and anemia. Conclusion: The present study has identified various nutritional risk factors for pneumonia which can be tackled through effective education of the community and appropriate initiatives.

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Status of COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu: An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Getrude Banumathi ◽  
S Sujatha ◽  
A Arul Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Co Morbidity

Introduction: The ongoing outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has posed significant threats to international health and economy. On 30th January 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared it to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Despite exponential rise of COVID-19 cases, there are limited studies on COVID-19, so an observational study to assess the demographic and clinical status of COVID-19 patients at a Tertiary Care Centre was conducted. Aim: To study the demographic and clinical status of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu district. To assess the co-morbid status and its influence on the outcome among the study population. To find the doubling rate and weekly trend of COVID-19 cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chengalpattu Medical College Hospital, Chengalpattu district among the COVID-19 patients during April to June 2020. By non-probability sampling technique (convenient sampling), all the COVID-19 patients (n=3028) admitted in the institution during the study period were included. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data.The questionnaire had three sections A, B, and C. Section A dealt with sociodemographic details, Section B with symptom status and co-morbidity status and section C with COVID test results. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysis was done using SPSS Software. Results: In this study, there were 1932 (64%) males and 1096 (36%) females; 1489 (49%) were affected in the age group of 21-40 years, which was the most commonly affected group; 704 (23%) were in the age group above 50 years; 2574 (85%) of cases were from urban areas of Chengalpattu district; 1145 (38%) were found to be symptomatic, fever being the pre-dominant symptom 753 (66%); 712 (24%) of the patients were associated with co-morbid conditions, the most common being diabetes mellitus 391 (55%); mean duration of stay was found to be 9.21±3.26 days; doubling rate was found to be 18.91 days; the overall swab positivity rate was 14.56%; the overall case fatality rate was 2.47%; 3028 (59%) of the district cases were treated in the institution. Conclusion: This study found that the patients aged >50 years with co-morbidity are at a higher risk of mortality than others. The present work predicts that the number of cases double in 19 days. Hence, strict containment measures are recommended to lengthen the doubling rate.

scholarly journals Association of occupational exposure on semen density in male industrial workers undergoing infertility treatment at tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2453
Author(s):  
Leena Wadhwa ◽  
Ashish Fauzdar ◽  
Sanjana N. Wadhwa ◽  
Lata Singh ◽  
Sumit Chakravarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Male Partners

Background: Working with particular substances or under certain working situations may cause some workers to experience abnormalities in their sexual or reproductive health. Occupational exposures can lead to infertility, but the workers may not be aware of such problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between male infertility and occupation of industrial workers in organized sector.Methods: Prospective case-controlled study that included 136 industrial workers working in organized sector and attending infertility clinic for treatment. This study included male partners aged between 21-46 years with primary or secondary infertility and undertaking same occupation for at least last three months. Complete infertility workup of all male partners attending infertility clinic was done that included detailed history and information related to occupation. Routine semen parameters were evaluated according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.Results: In the present study, significant semen abnormalities were observed in male partners with age more than 31 years and undertaking arduous jobs for more than 5 years (p <0.05) in study group (n=136) as compared to control group (n=62). The abnormal semen count were observed in 114 (83.2%) workers in the study group that included 43 (31.6%) with total sperm concentration (TSC) less than 10 million/ml and azoospermia in 44 (32.3%). Reduced motility (asthenozoo-spermia) was observed in majority 125 (91.9%) of male partners. The findings were significant (p <0.05) as compared to control group.Conclusions: Preventive measures in the workplace need to be established to reduce the effect of occupational hazards and its influence in the semen parameters ultimately leading to infertility.

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