scholarly journals Screening for Birth Defects Strategies for Developing Low Resource Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Malhotra ◽  
Ashok Khurana ◽  
S Suresh ◽  
Chander Lulla ◽  
Rishabh Bora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Most low resource countries have no definite policies laid down for screening for fetal abnormalities and prenatal diagnostic techniques. The problem with screening scans and prenatal diagnostic techniques is the variable way in which they are conducted. There are no clear guidelines about what should, or what should not be done. What is needed is a standard for a routine anomaly scan. In the past 10 to 15 years, major advances have been made in prenatal screening. It has been suggested that maternal age alone as a screening strategy should be abandoned, but there is still no consensus on the most cost-effective alternative, and thus no national strategy exists. This document will provide parameters for obstetricians, radiologists and sonographers–how much screening could be accomplished within the available resources. With the help of prenatal diagnostic technique guideline we will be able to achieve a methodical, uniform and cost-effective way of fetal evaluation. How to cite this article Acharya P, Malhotra J, Malhotra N, Suresh S, Khurana A, Lulla C, Acharya H, Bora NM, Bora R, Malhotra K. Screening for Birth Defects Strategies for Developing Low Resource Countries. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):453-461.

scholarly journals NOD: a web server to predict New use of Old Drugs to facilitate drug repurposing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Jairaj Narwani ◽  
Narayanaswamy Srinivasan ◽  
Sohini Chakraborti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Space ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evolutionary Information ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Similarity Searches ◽  
Old Drugs ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Made In

AbstractComputational methods accelerate the drug repurposing pipelines that are a quicker and cost-effective alternative to discovering new molecules. However, there is a paucity of web servers to conduct fast, focussed, and customized investigations for identifying new uses of old drugs. We present the NOD web server, which has the mentioned characteristics. NOD uses a sensitive sequence-guided approach to identify close and distant homologs of a protein of interest. NOD then exploits this evolutionary information to suggest potential compounds from the DrugBank database that can be repurposed against the input protein. NOD also allows expansion of the chemical space of the potential candidates through similarity searches. We have validated the performance of NOD against available experimental and/or clinical reports. In 65.6% of the investigated cases in a control study, NOD is able to identify drugs more effectively than the searches made in DrugBank. NOD is freely-available at http://pauling.mbu.iisc.ac.in/NOD/NOD/.

scholarly journals The “homemade” HIPEC machine – a cost-effective alternative in low-resource countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Bhatt ◽  
Robin Prabhu ◽  
Kayomarz Sethna ◽  
Sajin Tharayil ◽  
Madhan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Target Temperature ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Technical Failures

AbstractBackgroundHIPEC using custom-made machines (CMM) remains unaffordable for many patients in low-income countries. We describe the assembly and use homemade HIPEC machine (HMM) as a cost-effective alternative.MethodsWe evaluated the cost of setting up the HMM, maintenance, expenses per procedure as well as technical aspects including target temperature and flow rate, safety aspects, technical failures and the technical support required. The comparison with CMM was based on the manufacturer information and published reports and not on personal experience.ResultsForm 2011 to 2017, we performed HIPEC (Coliseum technique) in 81 patients using HMM. HMM was a cardiopulmonary bypass machine available in our institution, with an additional water bath. Flow rate was 2 L/min and target temperature between 41 and 43 °C could be achieved in all cases. There were no technical failures and there was no safety issue recorded. Routine maintenance was provided yearly by an in-house technician. Chemotherapy costs (between 20 and 500 USD) were independent from the devices used. Cost of consumables was 450 USD/procedure, as compared to 1800 to 3500 USD/procedure for commercially available products. Investment cost for CMM is between 70,000 and 1,35,000 USD.ConclusionsThe HMM is a cost-effective option allowing access to HIPEC to patients in low-resource countries without loss of efficacy or additional safety concerns. The initial cost and cost per procedure were substantially less for HMM while the maintenance of both systems was similar in terms of complexity and cost. The CMM are more user-friendly and require less technical support.

scholarly journals SU8 ridge-gap waveguide resonator

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Rahiminejad ◽  
Elena Pucci ◽  
Sjoerd Haasl ◽  
Peter Enoksson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Waveguide Resonator ◽  
New Process ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Attenuation Loss ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Attenuation Characteristics ◽  
Made In

In this paper, we present the first ridge-gap waveguide resonator made with a polymer base. It is designed for the frequency range 220–325 GHz, and is fabricated solely using a Au coated two-layer SU8-based process. The design is based on previous work done with Si. The new process has advantages such as fewer and cheaper process steps. The SU8 ridge-gap waveguide resonator is made in order to obtain attenuation characteristics via the measured Q-factor of the resonator. The ridge-gap waveguide resonator has the same dimensions as the previous one fabricated in Si, and the same thickness of the Au coating. The SU8-based resonator shows an attenuation loss of 0.41 dB/mm at 282.2 GHz compared to the Si-based resonator with an attenuation loss of 0.043 dB/mm at 283.5 GHz. This makes the SU8 process a more cost-effective alternative to the Si process

scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Toyos-Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco Javier García-Alonso ◽  
Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Biological Recognition ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an untreatable neurodegenerative disease that initially manifests as difficulty to remember recent events and gradually progresses to cognitive impairment. The incidence of AD is growing yearly as life expectancy increases, thus early detection is essential to ensure a better quality of life for diagnosed patients. To reach that purpose, electrochemical biosensing has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques, due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. Of special relevance is the incorporation of nanomaterials in biosensors, as they contribute to enhance electron transfer while promoting the immobilization of biological recognition elements. Moreover, nanomaterials have also been employed as labels, due to their unique electroactive and electrocatalytic properties. The aim of this review is to add value in the advances achieved in the detection of AD biomarkers, the strategies followed for the incorporation of nanomaterials and its effect in biosensors performance.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography and Birth Defects

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
JP Rao ◽  
Sakshi Tomar ◽  
Rishabh Bora ◽  
Neharika Malhotra Bora
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Functional Defects

ABSTRACT Birth defects are major global problems. Even in developed countries, the incidence of birth defects has not reduced. The prevalence of birth defects diagnosable (65%) and preventable (2.5%). Ultrasound screening is a very reliable tool for assessing birth defects. A well done genetic scan at 11 to 14 weeks and at 22 weeks (TIFFA) can accurately detect over 85% of birth defects. With the advent of 3D and 4D ultrasound, the accuracy for functional defects has also increased. With the advent of 3D and 4D ultrasound, the accuracy for functional defects has also increased. Each pregnancy deserves a prenatal diagnostic test and ultrasound is a near ideal diagnostic test to be applied, to large pregnant population, specially in developing countries How to cite this article Malhotra N, Malhotra J, Tomar S, Malhotra Bora N, Rao JP, Bora R, Malhotra K. Ultrasonography and Birth Defects. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(2):149-159.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

JS777

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
High Alloy ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract JS777 is a high-alloy, fully austenitic stainless steel developed for applications where corrosive conditions are too severe for the standard grades of stainless steel. It also provides a cost-effective alternative to more expensive nickel-base and titanium-base alloys. It has relatively high resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and to intergranular corrosion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-377. Producer or source: Jessop Steel Company.

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