Wireless Corrosion Monitoring Sensors Based on Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of RFID Transponders

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3384 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youliang He
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Metal Sheet ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Rf Signal

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is a common technology used to protect electronic devices from the interference of environmental noise or to prevent the radiation of electromagnetic waves from electronic devices to the environment. In this research, the EMI shielding principle was utilized to develop a simple and cost-effective wireless corrosion-monitoring sensor. A thin metal sheet (e.g., a steel foil) similar to the material to be monitored was attached onto the surface of a radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder and served as an RF shielding layer to block the communication between the RFID transponder and the transceiver. The shielded transponder (the sensor) was then subjected to corrosion exposure, which caused the corrosion of the shielding metal sheet and led to the degradation of the shielding effectiveness. By chronically recording the change of the RF signal strength and the amount of corrosion that occurred, a correlation could be established between the signal strength and the corrosion rate. In this way, a simple wireless corrosion-monitoring sensor was developed. Steel sheets with various thicknesses (50 μm to 250 μm) were used as shielding layers on ultra-high-frequency RFID transponders, and the sensors covered by these various sheets behaved differently during corrosion exposure. The microstructure change of the shielding material was characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed the uneven thinning and final damage of the shielding layer, leading to the (partial) restoration of the RF signal.

scholarly journals Ultrathin, Lightweight, and Flexible CNT Buckypaper Enhanced Using MXenes for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongliang Yang ◽  
Xuchun Gui ◽  
Li Yao ◽  
Qingmei Hu ◽  
Leilei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Emi Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
X Band ◽  
Wearable Electronic Devices ◽  
Emi Se

AbstractLightweight, flexibility, and low thickness are urgent requirements for next-generation high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for catering to the demand for smart and wearable electronic devices. Although several efforts have focused on constructing porous and flexible conductive films or aerogels, few studies have achieved a balance in terms of density, thickness, flexibility, and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). Herein, an ultrathin, lightweight, and flexible carbon nanotube (CNT) buckypaper enhanced using MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) for high-performance EMI shielding is synthesized through a facile electrophoretic deposition process. The obtained Ti3C2Tx@CNT hybrid buckypaper exhibits an outstanding EMI SE of 60.5 dB in the X-band at 100 μm. The hybrid buckypaper with an MXene content of 49.4 wt% exhibits an EMI SE of 50.4 dB in the X-band with a thickness of only 15 μm, which is 105% higher than that of pristine CNT buckypaper. Furthermore, an average specific SE value of 5.7 × 104 dB cm2 g−1 is exhibited in the 5-μm hybrid buckypaper. Thus, this assembly process proves promising for the construction of ultrathin, flexible, and high-performance EMI shielding films for application in electronic devices and wireless communications.

scholarly journals Ultrathin flexible graphene films with high thermal conductivity and excellent EMI shielding performance using large-sized graphene oxide flakes

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1419-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaofeng Lin ◽  
Su Ju ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Gang Shi ◽  
Yonglyu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Emi Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Graphene Films ◽  
Thermal Conducting

As the demand for wearable and foldable electronic devices increases rapidly, ultrathin and flexible thermal conducting films with exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) are greatly needed.

Effect of dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon/epoxy composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110526
Author(s):  
Hafiz Shehbaz Ahmad ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Yasir Nawab ◽  
Shuaib Salamat
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Skin Depth ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Pollution ◽  
Emi Se

Tremendous development in electronic devices and their indiscriminate use has created a severe problem of electromagnetic pollution. Different types of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials and structures are used to protect electronic devices from the harmful effect of electromagnetic pollution. A present study was conducted to compare the effect of dielectric and magnetic nanofillers on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of carbon fiber reinforced composite structures (CFRC). Composites structures were developed using different dielectric and magnetic nanofillers. Effect of nanofillers on microwave absorption properties and reduction in electromagnetic pollution was investigated. Relationship between electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness in L, S, C, and X-frequency range was also studied. Among the dielectric nanofillers, silicon carbide showed excellent EMI SE in X-frequency range, while among magnetic nanofillers, zinc oxide showed excellent EMI shielding characteristics in a broad frequency range of 100 MHz to 13.6 GHz. Among magnetic nanofillers, CFRC with zinc oxide nanofillers showed the lowest skin depth value of 3.32 × 10−4 mm and among dielectric nanofiller, CFRC with silicon carbide nanofillers gave the lowest skin depth value of 6.49 × 10−4 mm, implying their excellent potential in EMI shielding applications.

Fiber reinforced thermoplastics compounds for electromagnetic interference shielding applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 073168442110517
Author(s):  
Luís C Martins ◽  
António J Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Wide Range

Market demands for lightweight and lower cost products drive manufacturers to improve current product portfolios. In the case of electronic devices, the most significant weight originates from the enclosure, traditionally in steel or aluminum, that ensures excellent mechanical and electromagnetic shielding performance. The use of thermoplastics filled with electrically conductive fibers, such as carbon or stainless steel, was investigated as a lightweight and cost-effective alternative to steel sheet for creating electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding enclosures for electronic devices. This paper presents an EMI shielding analysis workflow for the development of plastic enclosures for an electronic device. The workflow starts by measuring the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic compounds shielding effectiveness (SE) with an experimental method in the 30 MHz–3 GHz frequency band. This analysis helps to filter a vast list of materials with a wide range of shielding performance, 20–100 dB, and allows to obtain empirical data for the second phase of the workflow, computer simulations. Simulations with experimentally adjusted material properties were used to validate the design concept of an enclosure in its early development phase. Results from this study showed that the selected material has better EMI SE performance than a steel sheet venting grid.

Polymeric textile-based electromagnetic interference shielding materials, their synthesis, mechanism and applications – A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110370
Author(s):  
Faiza Safdar ◽  
Munir Ashraf ◽  
Amjed Javid ◽  
Kashif Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Shielding Composites

The rapid proliferation of electronic devices and their operation at high frequencies has raised the contamination of artificial electromagnetic radiations in the atmosphere to an unprecedented level that is responsible for catastrophe for ecology and electronic devices. Therefore, the lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are of vital importance for controlling the pollution generated by such high-frequency EM radiations for protecting ecology and human health as well as the other nearby devices. In this regard, polymeric textile-based shielding composites have been proved to be the best due to their unique properties such as lightweight, excellent flexibility, low density, ease of processability and ease of handling. Moreover, such composites cover range of applications from everyday use to high-tech applications. Various polymeric textiles such as fibers, yarn, woven, nonwoven, knitted, as well as their hybrid composites have been extensively manipulated physically and/or chemically to act as shielding against such harmful radiations. This review encompasses from basic concept of EMI shielding for beginner to the latest research in polymeric-based textile materials synthesis for experts, covering detailed mechanisms with schematic illustration. The review also covers the gap of materials synthesis and their application on polymeric textiles which could be used for EMI shielding applications. Furthermore, recent research regarding rendering EMI shielding properties at various stages of polymeric textile development is provided for readers with critical analysis. Lastly, the applications along with environmental compliance have also been presented for better understanding.

Dual percolations of electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding in progressively agglomerated CNT/polymer nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 108128652110214
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Xia ◽  
George J. Weng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Percolation Threshold ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Effective Medium Theory ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding

Recent experiments have revealed two distinct percolation phenomena in carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer nanocomposites: one is associated with the electrical conductivity and the other is with the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. At present, however, no theories seem to exist that can simultaneously predict their percolation thresholds and the associated conductivity and EMI curves. In this work, we present an effective-medium theory with electrical and magnetic interface effects to calculate the overall conductivity of a generally agglomerated nanocomposite and invoke a solution to Maxwell’s equations to calculate the EMI shielding effectiveness. In this process, two complex quantities, the complex electrical conductivity and complex magnetic permeability, are adopted as the homogenization parameters, and a two-scale model with CNT-rich and CNT-poor regions is utilized to depict the progressive formation of CNT agglomeration. We demonstrated that there is indeed a clear existence of two separate percolative behaviors and showed that, consistent with the experimental data of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites, the electrical percolation threshold is lower than the EMI shielding percolation threshold. The predicted conductivity and EMI shielding curves are also in close agreement with experimental data. We further disclosed that the percolative behavior of EMI shielding in the overall CNT/polymer nanocomposite can be illustrated by the establishment of connective filler networks in the CNT-poor region. It is believed that the present research can provide directions for the design of CNT/polymer nanocomposites in the EMI shielding components.

scholarly journals A Healable and Mechanically Enhanced Composite with Segregated Conductive Network Structure for High-Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Wei-Wei Kong ◽  
Wan-Cheng Yu ◽  
Jie-Feng Gao ◽  
Kun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Electrostatic Attraction ◽  
List Type ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Emi Se

Highlights The cationic waterborne polyurethanes microspheres with Diels-Alder bonds were synthesized for the first time. The electrostatic attraction not only endows the composite with segregated structure to gain high electromagnetic-interference shielding effectiveness, but also greatly enhances mechanical properties. Efficient healing property was realized under heating environment. Abstract It is still challenging for conductive polymer composite-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to achieve long-term stability while maintaining high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), especially undergoing external mechanical stimuli, such as scratches or large deformations. Herein, an electrostatic assembly strategy is adopted to design a healable and segregated carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene oxide (GO)/polyurethane (PU) composite with excellent and reliable EMI SE, even bearing complex mechanical condition. The negatively charged CNT/GO hybrid is facilely adsorbed on the surface of positively charged PU microsphere to motivate formation of segregated conductive networks in CNT/GO/PU composite, establishing a high EMI SE of 52.7 dB at only 10 wt% CNT/GO loading. The Diels–Alder bonds in PU microsphere endow the CNT/GO/PU composite suffering three cutting/healing cycles with EMI SE retention up to 90%. Additionally, the electrostatic attraction between CNT/GO hybrid and PU microsphere helps to strong interfacial bonding in the composite, resulting in high tensile strength of 43.1 MPa and elongation at break of 626%. The healing efficiency of elongation at break achieves 95% when the composite endured three cutting/healing cycles. This work demonstrates a novel strategy for developing segregated EMI shielding composite with healable features and excellent mechanical performance and shows great potential in the durable and high precision electrical instruments.

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of polypyrrole-silver nanocomposite films on silane-modified flexible sheet

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110645
Author(s):  
Karim Benzaoui ◽  
Achour Ales ◽  
Ahmed Mekki ◽  
Abdelhalim Zaoui ◽  
Boudjemaa Bouaouina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Se

The conventional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are being gradually replaced by a new generation of supported conducting polymer composites (CPC) films due to their many advantages. This work presents a contribution on the effects of silane surface–modified flexible polypyrrole-silver nanocomposite films on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI-SE). Thus, the UV-polymerization was used to in-situ deposit the PPy-Ag on the biaxial oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) flexible substrates whose surfaces were treated by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyzes confirmed the APTMS grafting procedure. Structural, morphological, thermal, and electrical characteristics of the prepared films were correlated to the effect of substrate surface treatment. Thereafter, EMI-SE measurements of the elaborated films were carried out as per ASTM D4935 standard for a wide frequency band extending from 50 MHz to 18 GHz. The obtained results confirmed that the APTMS-treated BOPET film exhibit higher EMI shielding performance and better electrical characteristics compared to the untreated film. In fact, a 32% enhancement of EMI-SE was noted for the treated films compared to the untreated ones. Overall, these results put forward the role played by the surface treatment in strengthening the position of flexible PPy-Ag supported films as high-performance materials in electronic devices and electromagnetic interference shielding applications.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance Enhancement of Stretchable Transparent Conducting Silver Nanowire Networks with Graphene Encapsulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyi Yan ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Zhongshi Ju ◽  
He Chen ◽  
Jiangang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Dielectric Polarization ◽  
Emi Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Graphene Films ◽  
Transparent Conducting

Abstract Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are promising transparent conducting materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and diverse optoelectronic devices. However, the poor contact between adjacent AgNWs leads to low electrical conductivity and weak mechanical stability of AgNW networks, which are limiting the practical application of these electronics. Here we report an efficient strategy to improve the overall performance of AgNW networks, in which the AgNW networks are sandwiched between two layers of graphene films. The graphene films improve the contact of overlapped AgNWs and bridge the discrete AgNWs, and thus increase the conductivity of graphene/AgNWs/graphene (GAG) films. Microwave permittivity measurements together with mechanism analyses reveal that the graphene films can enhance the EMI shielding effectiveness of AgNW networks through offering extra conduction loss, multiple dielectric polarization centers and multi-reflection processes. As a result, the GAG film with an average transmittance of 88% exhibits a sheet resistance lower than 15 Ω sq− 1 and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 31 dB (in the frequency range of 8.2‒12.4 GHz) after repeated stretching and release at a strain of 40%. Such a total performance is superior to that of most of as-reported transparent conductors. The GAG films therefore show application potential in the age of Internet of Things that electromagnetic radiation pollutions are everywhere.

Flexible, conductive, porous, fibrillar polymer–gold nanocomposites with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Hu Liu ◽  
Jiang Guo ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Zhijiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding ◽  
Emi Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Conductive Nanocomposites ◽  
Gold Nanocomposites

Flexible lightweight conductive nanocomposites prepared by self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on charged polymer nanofibers show enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness and mechanical properties.

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