scholarly journals State Management of the Sphere of Circulation of Medicines in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
Y. B. Bukatov ◽  
G. I. Gimranova ◽  
S. A. Shanin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The State ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
State Management ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Republic

This article analyzes the state management of the sphere of circulation of medicines in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyzes the reasons for the shortage of medicines in the specified period. The authors conducted a sociological survey, which made it possible to identify the main problems faced by the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. All major players in the pharmaceutical market of the Republic of Kazakhstan are analyzed. The activity of «SK-Pharmacy» during the COVID-19 pandemic was considered, and measures aimed at eliminating ineffective management identified in the work of a single distributor of medicines were analyzed. The measures of the state to reduce prices for essential medicines during a pandemic are considered. Based on domestic and foreign experience, an analysis of external reference pricing for medicines was carried out. The expenditures of the population on health care, including on medicines, were considered. The study resulted in the proposed measures to improve public administration in the sphere of drug circulation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is concluded that the state needs to take several measures in the field of drug circulation to prevent a possible shortage of pharmaceuticals and contain drug prices during future pandemics. It is necessary to increase funding for the health care system, including for medicines, without shifting the financial burden on the population and employers. It is necessary to build an effective system of pricing for medicines, which would consider the peculiarities of the global and Kazakhstani pharmaceutical market.

ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET FOR ANTIGLAUCO-MA DRUGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
А.Е. ЕСБОЛАТОВА ◽  
А.Р. ШОПАБАЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Care System

Ассортимент фармацевтической продукции представляет собой большую непрерывно обновляемую структуру, являющейся одной из основных составных фрагментов системы здравоохранения каждого государства. В свою очередь, маркетинговый анализ противоглаукомных препаратов показывает состояние фармацевтического рынка препаратов, применяемых для лечения глаукомы, на исследуемый момент, что позволяет оценить дальнейшие перспективы развития и расширения рынка. The range of pharmaceutical products is a large continuously updated structure, which is one of the main constituent parts of the health care system of each state. In turn, the marketing analysis of antiglaucoma drugs shows the state of the pharmaceutical market for drugs used for the treatment of glaucoma at the moment under study, which makes it possible to assess further prospects for the development and expansion of the market.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF REGULATING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Health Care Efficiency

The article considers economic and health care efficiency of population growth in the Republic of Uzbekistan and develops scientific proposals and recommendations for improving the state regulation of demographic processes. Keywords: population, demographic processes, economic efficiency, healthcare costs.

scholarly journals The utilisation of the right of children to shelter to alleviate poverty in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
I Mc Murray ◽  
L Jansen Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Access

Children being the most vulnerable members of society are the one's most affected by living in poverty. This unacceptable situation can inter alia be attributed to the disastrous effects of Apartheid. During this unfortunate period in our nation's history millions of people were unjustly evicted from their homes and forced to live in deplorable conditions. Moreover, many of these people were left homeless or without the necessary adequate shelter. Children who were born into these circumstances were denied basic resources such as proper shelter, food, water and health care services. These unfortunate circumstances existed at the adoption of South Africa 's democratic Constitution. The preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 reaffirms government's commitment to heal the inequalities of the past and improve the quality of life of all citizens. The Constitution is based on certain fundamental values, most importantly, human dignity, freedom and equality. The fact that these values are denied to those people living without access to basic resources such as adequate housing/shelter, food, water or health care services cannot be dismissed. To facilitate South Africa 's development as a democratic state based on human dignity, freedom and equality, the problem of poverty must be addressed. The Constitutional Court , in Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Grootboom and Others 2000 11 BCLR 1169 (CC), has recently stated that the effective realisation of socio-economic rights is key to the advancement of a value based democratic South Africa . Section 26 of the Constitution grants everyone the right to have access to adequate housing and section 28 that grants every child the additional right to basic shelter among others. By virtue of section 28(1)(b) the primary responsibility to provide children with the necessary adequate housing/shelter is vested in their parents, unless the parents are unable to fulfil their duty or the children are removed from their care. This does not in the least mean that the state has no responsibilities to children living with their parents. The state must still provide the framework in which parents can facilitate the realisation of their children's rights. The state can fulfil this obligation by taking reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to realise everyone's right of access to adequate housing progressively.  Therefore, it is submitted that the measures taken to realise section 26 also indirectly ensures the realisation of children's right to basic shelter (section 28(1)(c)). It has been largely accepted by the courts and academics alike that all fundamental human rights are indivisible and interrelated. Clearly then, the state's obligations in terms of section 28(1)(c) cannot be properly interpreted without referring to the interpretation of those obligations conferred upon it by section 26(2) and the other socio-economic rights in the Constitution. Hence, section 28(1)(c) must be seen in the context of the Constitution as a whole. Put simply, the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to realise children's right to basic housing/shelter progressively. This article will focus on the utilisation of the right to shelter of the child to alleviate poverty. Essential to this discussion is an effective understanding of the right to basic shelter as entrenched by section 28 of the Constitution in conjunction with the right of access to adequate housing conferred on everyone by virtue of section 26. This will be achieved by studying the general working of such rights including their limitations and enforcement. 

scholarly journals Employment program graduates of internship of higher education institutions of Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Abdrakhmanova ◽  
Z Baigozhina ◽  
Z h Bekbergenova ◽  
A Umbetzhanova ◽  
G Kabdullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Internship Programs

Abstract Background Employment of graduates of medical universities is one of the traditional problems of health care in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). The annual graduation of medical universities of RK exceeds 4500 young specialists. Despite this, as well as the positive dynamics of employment, the health care industry continues to experience a shortage of medical personnel. Methods To take effective measures to improve the employment performance of graduates of medical education organizations, to cover the shortage of medical personnel, an analysis was made of the employment of graduates of internship programs at 8 medical universities for the period from 2014-15 to 2016-17 school years Results For three years, medical schools of RK prepared 12019 people, of whom 8921 people studied under the state and 1343 under the rural grant. The total number of employed was slightly more than half of the graduates-6533, which amounted to 54.4%. At the same time, the number of those employed in urban hospitals is 1.5 times higher than the number of those employed in rural medical organizations. High percentages are persons who have continued their studies in residency/magistracy, and this figure tends to increase every year. The trend towards an increase is maintained by the free distribution index for pregnant women and people caring for children under the age of 3 years, for a total of three years it was 1,452 (12.1%) of a person. At the same time, those employed in rural health facilities are only 19.1% of those who studied under the grant and 31.5% of those who studied according to the rural quota. Conclusions Thus, the percentage of employed graduates, as well as graduates who studied under the state and rural grant, barely exceeds 50%. Even the employment of persons trained in rural quotas in rural health care facilities is only 31.5%. Universities do not fully monitor the employment of graduates, especially those who studied under a state or a rural grant. Key messages To create and implement an electronic platform with a complete database of students and graduates. To monitor employment and track the graduate’s work route; to organize employment services at universities.

Intercapitalist Maneuvers and the ICD-10 Transition: The Instrumental Role of the State in the Corporate Governance of U.S. Health Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Icd 10

In 2015, the United States transitioned to the ICD-10-CM/PCS, a comprehensive updated coding system for medical reimbursement. This transition was part of a larger move toward value-based reimbursement in U.S. health care and required nearly 2 decades of planning. As an unfunded mandate from Congress, it created a substantial financial burden for many groups within the health sector. This article traces the ICD-10 transition using the concept of the corporate governance of health care, attending to the role the state plays in mediating intercapitalist maneuvers. The ICD-10 was not a simple top-down declaration originating in a neutral state. Rather, it was produced and modified through lobbying efforts on the part of various stakeholders who, along with their competitors, would be affected by the transition in differential ways. The health information technology industry, in particular, stood to gain the most from this transition, at the expense of other capitalist players. An examination of the intercapitalist maneuevers behind the ICD-10 transition demonstrates that even when corporate powers govern U.S. health care, the role of the state should not be written off as inconsequential but rather interrogated and analyzed in relation to the corporate interests with which it is entangled.

Assessment of the public administration of e-commerce development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.Р. Даулиева ◽  
А.Е. Ералиева ◽  
G. Dauliyeva ◽  
A. Yeraliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Management ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Available Information

Пандемия подстегнула развитие рынка розничной электронной коммерции в Казахстане. По данным исследования PwC Kazakhstan, за год этот сегмент вырос на 93%. Целью исследования является оценка государственного управления развития электронной коммерции в Республике Казахстан. Развитие электронной коммерции вызывает неизбежные структурные изменения в экономике. Сложность регулирования цифровой среды заключается, главным образом, в ее нестатичности, постоянном развитии и изменении. Впервые объектом регулирования становятся правоотношения, связанные с реализацией прав в цифровом пространстве, использованием цифровых данных и технологий. По мнению многих юристов, изучающих эту сферу, должны, соответственно, обновляться и методы правового регулирования. Научная значимость исследования обоснована анализом развития рынка электронной коммерции в РК. Практическая значимость исследования обоснована возможностью использования материалов исследования оценке государственного управления электронной коммерцией в РК. Исследование осуществлялось в рамках доступной информации международных, государственных и общественных организаций, а также научно-практических публикаций в ведущих изданиях периодической печати и интернете. Исследование проводилось с использованием аналитических, сравнительных и оценочных методов, на основе статистических данных, по которым были сделаны следующиевыводы и предложены рекомендации: развитие логистических центров и сортировочных центров; назначение налоговых преференций и введение моратория на налоги для интернет-компаний; интеграция процессов БВУ в межбанковскую систему платежных карт; снижение комиссий по имуществу, подлежащему использованию физическими лицами. The aim of the study is to assess the state administration of e-commerce development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The development of e-commerce is causing inevitable structural changes in the economy. The complexity of regulating the digital environment lies mainly in its instability, constant development and change. For the first time, legal relations related to the exercise of rights in the digital space, the use of digital data and technologies are becoming the subject of regulation. In the opinion of many lawyers studying this area, the methods of legal regulation should be updated accordingly. The scientific significance of the study is substantiated by an analysis of the development of the e-commerce market in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the research is substantiated by the possibility of using research materials to assess the state management of e-commerce in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study was carried out within the framework of available information from international, state and public organizations, as well as scientific and practical publications in leading periodicals and the Internet. The research was carried out using analytical, comparative and evaluative methods, based on statistical data, on which appropriate conclusions were made and recommendations were made.

SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC MEANS OF STATE ADMINISTRATION OF THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES TO HEALTHCARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Liudmila Kozhura ◽  
Svitlana Zadereiko ◽  
Andrii Omelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
State Management ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Administration

At the current stage of the development of society the problem of social protection and state support for people with disabilities is particularly relevant and requires reform and improvement. Ukraine, as a country aspiring to join the European Union, should take into account the best foreign experience of the leading countries of the world in the field of state policy to support people with disabilities and its implementation. The process of reforming the national healthcare system demonstrated the ineffective policy in this area, the high level of corruption and the inability to transform this system to the level of world standards of medical care, especially for people with disabilities. The problem of disability in Ukraine is becoming particularly acute. The goal of this article is to investigate the system of economic means of state administration of the rights of people with disabilities to healthcare, to identify the areas of budgetary management and the formation of a new mechanism of economic administration. Scientific analysis was carried out by using the method of systematic approach and analysis, which enabled us to study theoretical aspects of economic methods of state administration of the right of people with disabilities to healthcare, formation of the budget management in Ukraine for the economic security of the rights to healthcare, and features of the new mechanism of the economic administration of the right of people with disabilities to health care. It has been researched that along with administrative methods of state management of the right to health protection of people with disabilities the economic group of methods is important. These include programs of economic development of health care, rehabilitation programs for people with disabilities, implementation of pilot projects to change the mechanism of financial support for operative treatment, etc. Methods of regulating influence (indirect management) are becoming increasingly important, and economical methods of management belong to them. Implementation ensures that the financial and material interests of the management objects are satisfied through the activities of its subjects, which create favorable conditions for achieving the goals and objectives of management. For example, local self-government bodies, within the limits of their competence, can finance local programs for the development and support of community healthcare institutions. In 2019, a new mechanism of rehabilitation support for children with disabilities was introduced based on the principle of "money follows the people", which should ensure targeting, transparency and improve the quality of rehabilitation services. Resources are divided vertically among regional bodies, which divide budgetary funds among local bodies in proportion to the number of children who require rehabilitation measures, according to the place of their residence (location). The national legislation also reflects the norms that created the conditions for the implementation of the right to work of people with disabilities, as well as ratified Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the ILO Convention on professional rehabilitation. From the point of view of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, the funds allocated by the state are extremely insufficient for the uninterrupted functioning of the medical system. In its budget memorandum for 2021 the ministry has allocated twice as much – 296 billion UAH, 225 billion UAH of which for the implementation of the medical guarantee program (which is 5% of GDP, as required by the Law of Ukraine "On State Financial Guarantees of Medical Services to Population"). But the proposals of the Ministry of Health both at the time of formation of the state budget and at the time of its approval were not taken into account. The requirement of the Law of Ukraine "On State Financial Guarantees of Medical Services to the Population" for the establishment of financing of the program of medical guarantees at the level of 5% of GDP was lengthened for one more year.

scholarly journals The analysis and monitoring of the current state of procurement in the quasi-public sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Khamitov
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Role ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Procurement System

This article discusses issues related to the monitoring of the quasi-public procurement system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The topic under study is one of the relevant to date, as the state has to face with the increased pressure on the state budget in the context of the financial crisis and unstable economic situation in the world. In general, attention needs to be paid to budget spending in the quasi-public sector through monitoring and careful analysis to ensure the effectiveness of procurement procedures in the sector and to avoid unnecessary expenditure. The article is about the study of the current state, problems and prospects of creating and realization of the mechanism for monitoring procurement in the quasi-public sector, identifying administrative and corruption risks. The share of procurement in quasi-public sector entities has a special role in the procurement market. Therefore, it is so important to create favourable conditions devoid of corruption in the field of public procurement and to have a transparent and effective system of the state financial control. The article provides a detailed analysis of the scope of procurement in this area, describes measures to reduce corruption risks and ensure transparency of procurement. The author proposed a number of recommendations that would lead to a reduction in corruption components in this area as a result of the analysis on the existing problem in the procurement sector of the quasi-public sector.

scholarly journals Prescription auditing: an important tool for sensitization of resident doctors for rationale prescription and utilization of drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Archana G. Dhavalshankh ◽  
Vikram A. Rajadnya ◽  
Kedar L. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Improving Health Care

Background: The main objective of the Maharashtra Health Systems Development Project (MHSDP) is to enhance the quality of care by improving health care; in the hospitals, in the state. Improvement in the prescribing practice of resident doctors working in the hospitals is one of the initiatives taken up, to improve the rationalizing service delivery. A prescription audit may become an important tool for sensitizing resident doctors for rational prescription and utilization of drug.Methods: An observational study was carried out during the period of March 2017 to May 2017 in tertiary care teaching hospital, Kolhapur. Total 247 first prescriptions written by resident for in-door-patient department were collected, scrutinized and analysed. Prescriptions were evaluated for completeness of prescription format while legibility was graded. Prescriptions were also analysed as per World Health Organization prescribing indicators.Results: In study 247 prescriptions with 1091 drugs with average 4.42% drugs per prescription, 49.8 % prescriptions wrote the drugs by generic name. We found that 44.1 % prescriptions written with drugs included in essential medicines list while antibiotics prescribed were 27.1%. In prescription format 34% had incorrect dosage, 67% of prescriptions omitted the duration of treatment. Direction for drug use was not mentioned in 25% of prescriptions.  Weight was not mentioned on any prescriptions even for paediatric group.Conclusions: Through prescription auditing, sensitizing resident doctors for rational prescription and utilization of drug can be done to achieve the goal of the MHSDP of enhancing the quality of care by improving health care; in the hospitals, in the state.

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