scholarly journals An Overview of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Emerging Approach and Applications in Dermatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
Snehal S. Patil ◽  
◽  
Nikita S. Patil ◽  
Umesh C. Suryawanshi ◽  
Mr. Rohan R. Vakhariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Near Future

Drug delivery through the skin by transdermal patches has a long history. Subsequent growth of transdermal science proved prominent utility of transdermal systems meant for passive diffusion of the drug. It was followed by the development of Iontophoresis and Sonophoresis based transdermal delivery systems. Microneedle array has now caught attention of the investigators owing to its immense utility in transdermal delivery of very large molecules with ionic and hydrophilic nature. In this technical note, we present the current scenario, applications, and recent advances in microneedle array-based delivery of the most critical molecules through the skin. The application of microneedle has widely been investigated, and these technologies are being developed for the delivery of bio-therapeutics, biomacromolecules, insulin, growth hormones, immunobiologicals, proteins, siRNA and peptides. Potential of microneedles to transform the global transdermal market is highlighted in terms of the success rate of the microneedle technologies in clinical trials reaching to the global market. The arrival of the commercial microneedle-based products in the market is highly anticipated as they have potential to portray remarkable impact on clinical medicine in near future.

scholarly journals Microneedle Arrays Combined with Nanomedicine Approaches for Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Vahid Alimardani ◽  
Samira Sadat Abolmaali ◽  
Gholamhossein Yousefi ◽  
Zahra Rahiminezhad ◽  
Mehdi Abedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microneedle Arrays

Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising outcomes in transdermal drug delivery. NPs can not only enhance the skin penetration of small/biomacromolecule therapeutic agents but can also impart control over drug release or target impaired tissue. Thanks to their unique optical, photothermal, and superparamagnetic features, NPs have been also utilized for the treatment of skin disorders, imaging, and biosensing applications. Despite the widespread transdermal applications of NPs, their delivery across the stratum corneum, which is the main skin barrier, has remained challenging. Microneedle array (MN) technology has recently revealed promising outcomes in the delivery of various formulations, especially NPs to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutic agents. The present work reviews the advancements in the application of MNs and NPs for an effective transdermal delivery of a wide range of therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, peptide/protein vaccination, and the gene therapy of various diseases. In addition, this paper provides an overall insight on MNs’ challenges and summarizes the recent achievements in clinical trials with future outlooks on the transdermal delivery of a wide range of nanomedicines.

scholarly journals Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delly Ramadon ◽  
Maeliosa T. C. McCrudden ◽  
Aaron J. Courtenay ◽  
Ryan F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Smartphone-powered iontophoresis-microneedle array patch for controlled transdermal delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Yang ◽  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Rui Ye ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Xiangling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
One Step ◽  
Glycemic Regulation

AbstractThe incidence rate of diabetes has been increasing every year in nearly all nations and regions. The traditional control of diabetes using transdermal insulin delivery by metal needles is generally associated with pain and potential infections. While microneedle arrays (MAs) have emerged as painless delivery techniques, the integration of MA systems with electronic devices to precisely control drug delivery has rarely been realized. In this study, we developed an iontophoresis-microneedle array patch (IMAP) powered by a portable smartphone for the active and controllable transdermal delivery of insulin. The IMAP in situ integrates iontophoresis and charged nanovesicles into one patch, achieving a one-step drug administration strategy of “penetration, diffusion and iontophoresis”. The MA of the IMAP is first pressed on the skin to create microholes and then is retracted, followed by the iontophoresis delivery of insulin-loaded nanovesicles through these microholes in an electrically controlled manner. This method has synergistically and remarkably enhanced controlled insulin delivery. The amount of insulin can be effectively regulated by the IMAP by applying different current intensities. This in vivo study has demonstrated that the IMAP effectively delivers insulin and produces robust hypoglycemic effects in a type-1 diabetic rat model, with more advanced controllability and efficiency than delivery by a pristine microneedle or iontophoresis. The IMAP system shows high potential for diabetes therapy and the capacity to provide active as well as long-term glycemic regulation without medical staff care.

scholarly journals SMART CONTRACTS COMO UMA TECNOLOGIA DECISIVA NA GESTÃO JURÍDICA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Regert ◽  
Sabrina Frigotto ◽  
André Lemuel Ferreira Krieguer ◽  
Pedro Henrique Willimann dos Anjos ◽  
Jaquelyne Maria Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Autonomy Of Will

Os contratos são negócios jurídicos bilaterais que regulam acordos de vontades. Vários princípios precisam ser analisados quando se trata deste tema, dentre eles, sobretudo o da autonomia de vontade, da força obrigatória, da boa-fé e do consensualismo. Em tempos de pandemia, pode ficar difícil consultar um advogado de maneira presencial para redigir um contrato, é neste contexto que se apresentam os Smart Contracts (Contratos Inteligentes). O presente estudo, portanto, possui o escopo de analisar os Smart Contracts como um método alternativo para a situação atípica na qual o mundo atualmente se encontra. Buscará também salientar quais são os pontos positivos e negativos da contratação em meio virtual, como também da tecnologia reguladora no contrato digital. Para os fins buscados, quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, a pesquisa foi de natureza básica, com abordagem qualitativa, objetivo exploratório e bibliográfico do tipo narrativo. Os contratos inteligentes são promissores no cenário atual, em virtude de seu desenvolvimento ser realizado com tecnologia de extrema segurança, constituindo-se em grandes facilitadores na elaboração de acordos. Tendem a popularizar-se cada vez mais em um futuro próximo. Palavras-Chave: Contratos. Smart Contracts. Pandemia. Abstract: Contracts are bilateral legal deals that regulate will agreements. Several principles need to be analyzed when it comes to this theme, among them, especially that of autonomy of will, mandatory strength, good faith and consensualism. In times of pandemic, it can be difficult to consult a lawyer in person to draft a contract, it is in this context that Smart Contracts are presented. This study, therefore, has the scope of analyzing Smart Contracts as an alternative method for the atypical situation in which the world currently finds itself. It will also seek to highlight the positive and negative aspects of hiring in a virtual environment, as well as the regulatory technology and the digital contract. For the purposes sought, regarding the methodological aspects, the research was of a basic nature, with a qualitative approach, exploratory and bibliographic objective of the narrative type. Smart contracts are promising in the current scenario, due to their development being carried out with extremely secure technology, constituting great facilitators in the elaboration of agreements. They tend to become more and more popular in the near future. Keywords: Contracts. Smart Contracts. Pandemic.

Applying Industry 4.0 on Management of Gastronomy Events

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-261
Author(s):  
Asim Saldamli ◽  
Nurhayat Iflazoglu ◽  
Ipek Itır Can
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
Near Future

Industry 4.0 plays a role in meeting the demands of the global market in food and beverage activities with more efficient, harmonious, reliable, and sustainable production processes. In the recent years, enterprises have started taking advantage of augmented reality technology in the design phase; three-dimensional printers, internet of things technology and robot chefs during the production phase; and robot waiters in the presentation phase. In this context, in this chapter, the transformations experienced in the design, production, and presentation processes of banquet organizations as the result of the Gastronomy 4.0 concept, which emerged as a result of the reflections of Industry 4.0 on the field of gastronomy, were examined. It is thought that in the near future, if the prevalence of Gastronomy 4.0 applications increases, the personnel responsible for running banquet organizations will need to be trained and also informed about the equipment of the new age.

Wearable Technology Spending

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Technology Acquisition ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Near Future

Very little research has examined the applications wearable technologies can have in education despite industry experts forecasting major growth in the global market for these innovative devices (Futuresource Consulting, 2015). Notwithstanding this profound challenge, in the next 3 to 5 years school districts will need to make multimillion-dollar investments into supporting these technologies as they begin to enter the learning environment. Given this gap in the research literature, this chapter explores the potential decision-making challenges school districts and their leaders will have to face when wearables become more commonplace in education. Using the Strategic Model for Technology Acquisition (Ribeiro, 2015), the author outlines both the innovative opportunities and potential problems wearables pose for both school leaders and stakeholders in the near future. Moreover, this chapter is meant to serve as an informative resource for education leaders and presents strategic and research-validated approaches for procuring and supporting wearable technologies.

scholarly journals Transdermal Delivery of siRNA through Microneedle Array

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Deng ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Xiaohui Yan ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Microneedle Array

Electro-incorporation of microcarriers as a method for the transdermal delivery of large molecules

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter A. Hofmann ◽  
William V. Rustrum ◽  
Katrin S. Suder
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Large Molecules

scholarly journals Transdermal Delivery of Adipocyte Phospholipase A2 siRNA using Microneedles to Treat Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy-Related Proptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110106
Author(s):  
Guiqin Liu ◽  
Yan Deng ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Yi Sui ◽  
Juan Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Adipocyte Cell ◽  
Human And Mouse

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease occurring in patients with thyroid disease. Patients with TAO-related proptosis is largely due to excessive orbital adipose tissue Adipocyte phospholipase A2 (AdPLA) is one of the most important regulatory factors in adipocyte lipolysis, which may be associated with TAO-related proptosis. Thus, silencing AdPLA by RNA interference may be beneficial for the treatment of TAO. In this study, we sought to evaluate the efficiency of two types of microneedles to deliver siRNAs for silencing AdPLA. Our results showed that AdPLA mRNA was up-regulated in the orbit adipose tissues from TAO patients. Silence of AdPLA by siRNA can reduce lipid accumulation in both human and mouse adipocyte cell lines. Moreover, silence effects of silicon microneedle array patch-based and injectable microneedle device-based siRNA administration were examined at the belly site of the mice, and injectable microneedle device showed higher knockdown efficiency than silicon microneedle array patch. This study sets the stage not only for future treatment of TAO-related proptosis using AdPLA siRNA, but also provides the foundation for targeted siRNA delivery by using microneedles.

scholarly journals WORLD TRENDS AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES OF THE STARTUP MARKET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Perminova
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
The North ◽  
National Market ◽  
State Initiatives ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Investment Agreements

The article analyzes the trends of the global market of startups as an important factor in economic growth. The reasons for the leadership of the North American, European and Asian startup markets are outlined.Emphasis is placed on the most attractive areas of investment and technology, which according to expert estimates in the near future will be actively developed and bring significant profits, as well as have an impact on global processes of transformation of life and activities. Priority domestic industries are outlined: IT, which is constantly growing and in recent years brings significant profits, attracting the attention of the world's largest companies from the United States, Europe and Canada; agro-sphere, which, provided the involvement of startup projects has every chance to compete with developed countries in terms of productivity, complexity of approach and speed of development. The source of development of the domestic market of startups has been identified, which was the expansion and strengthening of the investment attractiveness of Ukrainian developments, which led to an increase in venture and private investment, which reached more than half a billion dollars. An analysis of the national market of startups, which shows recovery, especially in the technology sector due to the conclusion of a significant number of investment agreements, the interest of world leaders opening R&D centers, offices and domestic companies and foundations in Ukraine that actively support Ukrainian startups by investing millions of dollars. Based on the study of world experience in supporting innovative projects, the reasons that hinder the development of both domestic startups and priority industries for the country are outlined. The state initiatives on: launching the Startup Fund, which provides assistance to domestic entrepreneurs-innovators in the form of grants as a result of competitive selection; launch of the 360 Tech Ecosystem Overview platform by the Ministry of Digital Transformation to search for business information about IT companies, startups, investors and the entire technological ecosystem of Ukraine; development of draft laws for the development of the Ukrainian IT sector. Stimulating mechanisms have been identified that successfully work in the orientation of the economy to innovative development.

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