scholarly journals Evaluation of Protective Effect of Ajwa Seed And Fruit on Renal Histopathological Changes in Diabetic Nephropathic Rats

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Iram Imran ◽  
Maryam Mansoor ◽  
Farwa Naqvi ◽  
Mahreen Akhtar ◽  
Waleed Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Key Words Oxidative Stress

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Ajwa date seed and fruit on renal histological changes in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: This was an experimental study and was conducted in Post Graduate Medical Institute. The duration of study was 6 weeks. In this study random allotment of 32 rats was done in four groups. Group 1 was treated as control. Diabetes was induced in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th group by alloxan injection intra peritoneally. Group 2 was diabetic non treated while group 3 and 4 were treated with Ajwa seed and flesh respectively. After six weeks, animals were anaesthetized and kidneys were then removed without delay and weighed. Kidney paraffin sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin& eosin (H&E) and with Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) technique. Glomerular diameters were estimated. Glomerular volume determined by stage micrometer. Vascular, tubular injury and glomerular sclerosis were studied semi quantitatively. Results: The data showed that Ajwa date seed significantly reduced hyperglycemia but did not normalize the fasting blood glucose. We found exceedingly significant improvement in kidney weight, glomerular diameter, tubular and vascular injury with Ajwa date seed suggesting reduction in diabetic nephropathy. Ajwa seed diet found more effective in reducing nephropathy than Ajwa fruit diet. Current study displayed that the seed of Ajwa showed significant improvement in renal histological characteristics in diabetic rats. Conclusion: The findings showed that Ajwa date seed and flesh reduce loss of tubular and vascular damage in alloxan induced diabetes. Key Words: Oxidative stress, Kidney, Diabetes, Ajwa, Antioxidant, histopathology How to cite: Imran I., Mansoor M., Naqvi F., Akhtar M., Arshad W., Khan F. Evaluation of protective effect of Ajwa seed and fruit on renal histopathological changes in diabetic nephropathic rats. Esculapio 2021;17(01):104-109

scholarly journals Histopathological Study of Cyclosporine Pulmonary Toxicity in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Said Elshama ◽  
Ayman El-Meghawry EL-Kenawy ◽  
Hosam-Eldin Hussein Osman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Body Weight Reduction

Cyclosporine is considered one of the common worldwide immunosuppressive drugs that are used for allograft rejection prevention. However, articles that address adverse effects of cyclosporine use on the vital organs such as lung are still few. This study aims to investigate pulmonary toxic effect of cyclosporine in rats by assessment of pulmonary histopathological changes using light and electron microscope examination. Sixty male adult albino rats were divided into three groups; each group consists of twenty rats. The first received physiological saline while the second and third groups received 25 and 40 mg/kg/day of cyclosporine, respectively, by gastric gavage for forty-five days. Cyclosporine reduced the lung and body weight with shrinkage or pyknotic nucleus of pneumocyte type II, degeneration of alveoli and interalveolar septum beside microvilli on the alveolar surface, emphysema, inflammatory cellular infiltration, pulmonary blood vessels congestion, and increase of fibrous tissues in the interstitial tissues and around alveoli with negative Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. Prolonged use of cyclosporine induced pulmonary ultrastructural and histopathological changes with the lung and body weight reduction depending on its dose.

scholarly journals Gastrin Attenuates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by a PI3K/Akt/Bad-Mediated Anti-apoptosis Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Ken Chen ◽  
Huaixiang Wang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Xudong Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the primary cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Gastrin, a gastrointestinal hormone, is involved in the regulation of kidney function of sodium excretion. However, whether gastrin has an effect on kidney I/R injury is unknown. Here we show that cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR), the gastrin receptor, was significantly up-regulated in I/R-injured mouse kidneys. While pre-administration of gastrin ameliorated I/R-induced renal pathological damage, as reflected by the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The protective effect could be ascribed to the reduced apoptosis for gastrin reduced tubular cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro studies also showed gastrin preserved the viability of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release, which were blocked by CI-988, a specific CCKBR antagonist. Mechanistically, the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway participates in the pathological process, because gastrin treatment increased phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and Bad. While in the presence of wortmannin (1 μM), a PI3K inhibitor, the gastrin-induced phosphorylation of Akt after H/R treatment was blocked. Additionally, wortmannin and Akt inhibitor VIII blocked the protective effect of gastrin on viability of HK-2 cells subjected to H/R treatment. These studies reveals that gastrin attenuates kidney I/R injury via a PI3K/Akt/Bad-mediated anti-apoptosis signaling. Thus, gastrin can be considered as a promising drug candidate to prevent AKI.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and Antinephropathic Potential of Ajwa Pit & Pulp (Phoenix dactylifera) in Alloxanized Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Imran Maqsood Butt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Urine Creatinine

Introduction: Generally in the world, diabetes is the most significant cause of deaths and morbidity. Blood glucose lowering agents possess remarkable adverse effects like weight gain and hypoglycemia and thus hindering the achievement of glycemic control. Since earliest times till today, herbal preparations have been utilized for management of diabetes and its complications. Aims & Objectives: To investigate antihyperglycemic and nephroprotective effects of Ajwa pit and pulp in alloxanized - diabetic and nephropathic rats. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore for the duration of four weeks. Material & Methods: Adult male rats (weighing 120-150 g), total of 32 were purchased and divided into 4 groups. The group1 was normal control whereas group2 was diabetic control. Diabetes was induced in groups 2, 3 and 4 with 150mg/kg single alloxan monohydrate1.P Injection. Groups 3 and 4 were given Ajwa pit and pulp rations for 4 weeks. Blood and urine samples were taken on zero and 4 weeks for fasting blood glucose, serum and urine biochemical variables for renal functions. Results: The results revealed that Ajwa pits significantly decreased serum levels of glucose (252±60 vs. 348±67 mg/dl), serum urea (38±7.0 vs. 63±9.6 mg/dl), serum creatinine (0.39±0.1 vs. 0.58±0.1 mg/dl) and microalbuminuria marker (7.8±1.7 vs. 9.0±2.2mg/l). Moreover it improved urine creatinine (14.0±2.9 vs.10.0±2.7 mg/dl) and creatinine clearance (0.226±0.08 vs 0.117±0.04 ml/min) when compared to diabetic control rats. Effect of Ajwa pulp was far less than Ajwa pit. Ajwa pulp did not significantly decrease serum levels of glucose (290±60 vs. 348±67 mg/dl), urea (51±9.5 vs. 63±9.6 mg/dl), creatinine (0.66±0.2 vs. 0.58±0.1 mg/dl) and microalbuminuria marker (8.3±2.0 vs. 9.0±2.2mg/l). Also there was no improvement in urine creatinine (11.1±1.6 vs. 10.0±2.7 mg/dl) and creatinine clearance (0.130±0.05 vs 0.117±0.04 ml/min) levels when compared to diabetic control rats. Conclusion: Ajwa pit possesses strong antihyperglycemic and protective effect in renal damage by prolonged diabetes mellitus. Highest polyphenols, bioflavonoids and antioxidants are presumed to be responsible for this effect.

Protective Effect of Cow Urine Distillate in Streptozotocin Induced Type I Diabetes in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishtha R. Mahida ◽  
G. C. Mandali ◽  
S. K. Raval ◽  
B. P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cow Urine

The sacred Indian cow, Bos indicus known as “Kamadhenu” in Indian scripts, is believed to be a “mobile hospital” for the treatment of many diseases. Although Indian Ayurvedic literature cites many medicinal properties of cow urine, there is no scientific evidence to support this. Hence, this study was undertaken to validate antidiabetic property of cow urine. The effect of cow urine distillate was studied in vivo in induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg b.wt.) intraperitoneally. The antidiabetic effect of cow urine distillate in two different doses (5.0 ml and 10.0 ml/kg b.wt.) was studied in these adult diabetic rats. The cow urine distillate was administered orally to the experimental rats from 8th day and continued for 42 days thereafter. The assessment included fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles and body weight changes. The cow urine distillate produced a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in the elevated blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum creatinine levels when compared with the diabetic control. The diabetic animals treated with cow urine distillate also showed a significant gain in body weight. The presence of antioxidants and free radical scavengers in cow urine might be responsible for the observed anti-diabetic effects. The study concluded that cow urine distillate has a protective effect in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Abelmoschus manihot Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy and Hepatic Steatosis by Activating Autophagy in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwajin Kim ◽  
Theodomir Dusabimana ◽  
So Kim ◽  
Jihyun Je ◽  
Kyuho Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Complication ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a diabetic complication marked by albuminuria and a decline of the glomerular filtration rate. Diabetic kidneys are defective in the autophagy process and mitochondrial function and their enhancement of activity alleviates the pathology. In this paper, we developed a mouse model of DN by a combined treatment of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy and supplementation with flower or leaf extracts of Abelmoschus manihot (AM) were tested. The preventive effects of the extracts on DN pathology and changes on autophagy and mitochondrial proteins were investigated. DN mice showed a significant increase in fasting blood glucose, plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary albumin levels. Periodic acid–Schiff and Sirius red staining of the diabetic kidney presented a significant change in glomerular and tubular structures that was associated with podocyte loss and fibrotic protein accumulation. These changes were attenuated by AM extract treatment in DN mice. In addition, hepatic injury, proinflammatory cytokines, and lipid accumulation were decreased by AM extracts in DN mice. As a protective mechanism, AM extracts significantly increased the expression of proteins by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, which potentially prevented the kidney and liver from accumulating pathogenic proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria, which alleviated the progression of DN.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Compound K on Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Shao ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jinzhuo Zhan ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Liping An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Compound K ◽  
Sod Activity

Purpose Compound K (CK), the metabolic product of protopanaxadiol saponin in vivo, has many pharmacological activities. In this study, we discuss the preparation of CK, and its protective effect on kidneys of diabetic rats. CK was prepared from ginsenoside Rb1 after transformation by β-glucosidase, separation and purification by silica gel column chromatography. In the present study, we established a rat model of diabetes mellitus using high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). After seven weeks of treatment, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), total glycerin (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), serum creatinine (Scr), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. Also, renal pathomorphism changes were observed by HE stain, and TGF-β1 protein expression in the renal tissue was measured by Western blot. The yield of CK was 14.55 mg/mL, which was higher than that of other methods. After seven weeks, CK could decrease FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C, BUN, UA, Scr and MDA of diabetic rats, while CK also enhanced HDL-C and GSH, SOD and GSH-PX. Additionally, CK improved the pathological changes and decreased TGF-β1 protein expression in the renal tissue. CK improved the pathological changes in the renal tissue, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, reduced the damage of TGF-β1 to renal tissue, and protected the diabetic rats.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC, HYPOLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Yuvraj Singh Surana ◽  
Purnima Ashok ◽  
Rajendran R.
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes

Objective: To evaluate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity of polyherbalformulation (PHF) aqueous extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, serum insulin and glycosylate haemoglobin (HbA1C) were determined in normal and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the PHF for 45 d. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated in kidney and liver tissue. Histopathological changes in diabetic rat vital organs were also observed after PHF treatment.Results: Daily oral administration of PHF (200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w.) and metformin (5 mg/kg, b.w.) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P<0.001) and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The PHF treatment also enhances serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group. Furthermore, the PHF has favourable effects on histopathological studies, in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes. Antioxidant enzymes and GSH levels were found to be significantly increased and levels of MDA were decreased in treated diabetic animals.Conclusion: PHF possesses antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. PHF has also showed favourable effect on histopathological changes in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic animals.

scholarly journals Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog prevents obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting excessive autophagy in podocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. F181-F189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Guo ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Lilu Ling ◽  
Jianying Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

To investigate the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 analog (GLP-1) in high-fat diet-induced obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk were treated with GLP-1 (200 μg/kg) or 0.9% saline for 4 wk. Fasting blood glucose and insulin and the expression of podocin, nephrin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), glucose transporter type (Glut4), and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) were assayed. Glomerular morphology and podocyte foot structure were evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff staining and electron microscopy. Podocytes were treated with 150 nM GLP-1 and incubated with 400 μM palmitic acid (PA) for 12 h. The effect on autophagy was assessed by podocyte-specific Glut4 siRNA. Insulin resistance and autophagy were assayed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The high-fat diet resulted in weight gain, ectopic glomerular lipid accumulation, increased insulin resistance, and fusion of podophyte foot processes. The decreased translocation of Glut4 to the plasma membrane and excess autophagy seen in mice fed a high-fat diet and in PA-treated cultured podocytes were attenuated by GLP-1. Podocyte-specific Glut4 siRNA promoted autophagy, and rapamycin-enhanced autophagy worsened the podocyte injury caused by PA. Excess autophagy in podocytes was induced by inhibition of Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane and was involved in the pathology of ORG. GLP-1 restored insulin sensitivity and ameliorated renal injury by decreasing the level of autophagy.

scholarly journals Protective effects of peel extracts of Irvingia wombolu on metabolic disorders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Soh Matsinkou ◽  
Valere Aime Soh Oumbe ◽  
Judith Laure Ngondi ◽  
Julius Enyong Oben
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Heart Abnormalities ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Diabetes is widely recognized as associated with several structural and functional liver, kidney, and heart abnormalities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of peel extracts of Irvingia wombolu against diabetes complications. Methods Diabetes was induced by intravenous administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) through the right jugular vein on rats and animals with blood glucose values of at least 250 mg/dl received orally aqueous extract of peel (AEP), hydroethanolic extract of peel (HEP), tolbutamide and DMSO 10%. Their effects on the concentration of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in diabetic and normal rats were investigated using standard methods. Results Twenty-one days of treatment with AEP and HEP at a dose of 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0,05) reduced the fasting blood glucose to a point of reaching normal value. The antihyperlipidemic assessment of extracts revealed a significant (P < 0,05) decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL levels, and a significant (P < 0,05) increase in HDL level in the plasma of treated diabetic rats. Furthermore, plasma biomarkers of liver and kidney dysfunction were significantly reduced in treated diabetic rats. We also observed increased activities of catalase, SOD, and reduced glutathione in diabetic treated rats. Conclusion The present findings suggest that AEP and HEP have a protective effect on liver, kidney, and heart in experimental diabetic rats which can be beneficial in the management of diabetes and its complications.

Salt-resistant blood pressure and salt-sensitive renal autoregulation in chronic streptozotocin diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. R1761-R1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lau ◽  
Ian Sudbury ◽  
Michael Thomson ◽  
Perry L. Howard ◽  
Alex B. Magil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Salt Intake

Hyperfiltration occurs in early type 1 diabetes mellitus in both rats and humans. It results from afferent vasodilation and thus may impair stabilization of glomerular capillary pressure by autoregulation. It is inversely related to dietary salt intake, the “salt paradox.” Restoration of normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) involves increased preglomerular resistance, probably mediated by tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). To begin to test whether the salt paradox has pathogenic significance, we compared intact vs. diabetic (streptozotocin) Long-Evans rats with normal and increased salt intake, 1 and ∼3% by weight of food eaten, respectively. Weekly 24-h blood pressure records were acquired by telemetry before and during diabetes. Blood glucose was maintained at ∼20 mmol/l by insulin implants. GFR was significantly elevated only in diabetic rats on normal salt intake, confirming diabetic hyperfiltration and the salt paradox. Renal blood flow dynamics show strong contributions to autoregulation by both TGF and the myogenic mechanism and were not impaired by diabetes or by increased salt intake. Separately, systolic pressure was not elevated in diabetic rats at any time during 12 wk with normal or high salt intake. Autoregulation was effective in all groups, and the diabetic-normal salt group showed significantly improved autoregulation at low perfusion pressures. Histological examination revealed very minor glomerulosclerosis and modest mesangial expansion, although neither was diagnostic of diabetes. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive droplets found in distal tubules and collecting duct segments were diagnostic of diabetic kidneys. Biologically significant effects attributable to increased salt intake were abrogation of hyperfiltration and of the left shift in autoregulation in diabetic rats.

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