ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF PROFIT FROM COCOA BEANS MARKETING IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
A. O. AROWOLO ◽  
S. M. SHUAIBU ◽  
M. M. SANUSI ◽  
D. O. FANIMO
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Margin Analysis ◽  
Transportation Facilities

This paper examined the factors that influenced profit from cocoa beans marketing in Ogun State, Nigeria. Fifty (50) cocoa beans marketers were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire designed to solicit information on the socio-economic characteristics of the cocoa beans marketers, their operating costs and return and problems associated with cocoa beans marketing in the study area. Descriptive statistics, marketing margin analysis, gross margin analysis and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique were em-ployed in the analysis of the study data. The study revealed that men (84%) are more involved in co-coa beans marketing than women. Further, the study finds cocoa beans marketing to be a profitable venture in the study area having a gross margin of ₦137,719.27 (US $ 885.51) per month and a mar-keting margin of N40,600 (US $ 261.94). The percentage marketing margin was 34.73% which implies that the cocoa beans marketers realize a margin of 34.76% of the farm price. The result of the OLS regression analysis revealed that cost of transportation, communication cost, volume of cocoa traded and membership of market union are the significant determinants of the profit margin that accrue to the cocoa beans marketer. The identified constraints to cocoa beans marketing in the study area in-clude low quality of cocoa beans, poor transportation facilities and inadequate capital. The study con-cluded that cocoa beans marketing is economically rewarding in the study area. It recommends that the government should help to provide good transportation facilities. Also, agricultural and commercial banks as well as other micro credit financial institutions should assist in providing credit facility to the marketers as this will enable them expand their scope of marketing and consequently improve their profit margin.

scholarly journals Blue Ocean Leadership and Emotional Intelligence in Government Link Companies (GLCs): Preparing for Industry 4.0

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Wan Noordiana Wan Hanafi ◽  
Salina Daud ◽  
Nur Lyana Baharin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Leader Effectiveness ◽  
The Government

This research is carried out to examine the influences of blue ocean leadership styles on emotional intelligence. A stratified random sampling technique is used to identify the sample for this study. Questionnaire is distributed to 120 middle to top level leaders from the selected government link companies (GLCs) which is listed in the Government Link Transformation Programme (GLTP). A partial least square structural model (PLS-SEM) approach is used to analyses the data for this study. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between blue ocean leadership style and emotional intelligence. This study would give practical implications where it could inform leaders that they need to have high emotional intelligence in order to lead the organization. This study also contributes to new knowledge by pointing to the leadership role of accurate attributions, where each attribution can lead to enhancing leader effectiveness.

Assessment of profitability and risk management in vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 029-035
Author(s):  
Akinbola Adeyose Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Ogun State

The study examined the performance and risk management of vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and personal interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Ordinary Least Square (OLS) were used for the analysis of this study. The results found out that lack of discriminating pricing system, conflict in policy making, and high cost of inputs affect the market prices and as well serve as the main production risks that were observed by the farmers in the area. The average cost incurred for the production was about ₦6,908, while the total revenue accrued was ₦41,751. The gross margin and net farm income realized per production season were ₦36,973 and ₦34,843, respectively. The value (6.0) of return on investment showed that farmers realized times six of their investment. The variables such as household size, farm size, fertilizer application and equipment were the main determinants of vegetable production in the area. Also, the main challenges faced by the farmers were the infestation of pests and diseases, inadequate funds and climate change consequences. Therefore, it is recommended that the vegetable farmers should be encouraged through technical training on innovative approach to price determination and forming of functioning market structure in the area.

scholarly journals Effects of credit rationing on the returns of poultry farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Yusuf ◽  
R. O. Agbontafara ◽  
S. A. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Personal Savings ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Margin Analysis

In Nigeria, agricultural credit has long been identified as a major input in the development of the agricultural sector. Thus, the study was carried out in order to examine the effects of credit rationing on the returns of poultry farmers in Ogun state, Nigeria. In the study, primary data obtained from 120 farmers through the use of questionnaires were used. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logit model and gross margin analysis. The result revealed that 59.22% of the sampled farmers obtained their capital from personal savings while 18.45% and 14.56% of them sourced theirs from cooperative organisations and banks, respectively. The study also affirmed that many of the farmers who source for credit outside their personal savings preferred getting credit from cooperative associations/savings associations because the source was less collateral-demanding, charges relatively lower interest rates, required bearable procedures and conditions for borrowing credit. The multinomial logit analysis showed that interest rate was significant at 5%level under cooperative/savings association sources. This implied that interest rate was a determining factor for sourcing credit from cooperative associations. The regression result also showed that interest rate on credit and distance of the farm households from credit source, contributed negatively, while gender and collateral contributed positively to the returns of poultry farmers. The result of the gross margin analysis showed that the total variable cost incurred by the farmers increased as the amount of credit/loan received increased. Hence, the informal finance providers were the backbone of small scale farmers. It is therefore recommended that the bureaucratic procedures for obtaining credit, from formal sources, should bemade flexible enough to accommodate small scale farmers.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Profitability of Catfish Production in Enugu East L.G.A. of Enugu State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
C. D. Ochiaka ◽  
C. E. Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Profitability Ratios ◽  
Margin Analysis

Objectives of the Study: The study examined the profitability of catfish production in Enugu –East L.G.A of Enugu state. Sample Size and Sampling Procedure: A purposive sampling technique was employed in the selection of 50 respondents used for the study. Method of Data Collection: Data for the study were collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules. Method of Data Analysis: Descriptive statistics, gross-margin analysis and profitability ratios were used in analyzing the data. Results and Discussion: The result of the analysis showed that majority of the fish farmers (70%) were males and within the age range of 31 - 50 years. The result equally revealed that majority of the farmers (86%) had at least a National Diploma with about 5 -14 years fish farming experience. The result further indicated that cost of feed and fingerlings were the major cost component involved in catfish production. The gross margin analysis and profitability ratios revealed that catfish production is very profitable in the study area with a net income of about N576, 667 and a BCR of 1.6. The study however revealed that the high cost of farm inputs and poor credit facilities were the major constraints to catfish production in the area. Recommendations: It was recommended that more fish feed producers be encouraged into the business to reduce the high cost of feed.

EFFECT OF MICRO LENDING RATE ON SMES GROWTH IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Adegbite Adewale ◽  
◽  
Alli Ismail ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Small and medium enterprises are acknowledged as the lubricants that wheel the socio-economic development of a nation yet their growth has been stunted by harsh fiscal and monetary policies. This study seeks to investigate the effect of micro financing interest rate on small and medium scale enterprises growth in Lagos and Ogun State, Nigeria. Primary data was employed using structured self-administered questionnaire with five-point Likert scale. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design to give an accurate description of the research variables. Yaro Yamane’s sampling technique was used to select four hundred (400) SMEs from the total population of thirteen thousand four hundred and fifty-seven (13,457) in both Lagos and Ogun States, while stratified and proportionate sampling methods are used to determine the sample size of three hundred and fourty eight (348) SMEs in Lagos state and fifty-two (52) in Ogun state. Ordinary Least Square Regression (OLS) was used to estimate the regression. In the study, one hypothesis was formulated and tested. The results from the hypothesis tested revealed that a significant negative relationship exist between micro finance interest rate and SMEs growth in Nigeria at 5 per cent level (tc= -1.570731; p= 0.0009). Based on the finding, the study concluded that significant negative relationship exist between micro finance interest rate and small & medium enterprises growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that microfinance banks should charge moderate interest rate to SMEs without stringent collateral requirements to boosts SMEs growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Yield Gap and Some Factors of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Yields in Ghana

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneani F. ◽  
Ofori-Frimpong K.
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cocoa Yield

<p>Although cocoa productivity has recently been increasing in Ghana, it is still low compared with that of other countries such as Cote d’Ivoire and Malaysia. This situation has been attributed to the low adoption of cocoa production technologies. The study was aimed at analysing the yield gap as well as some cocoa yield factors. Cross-sectional socio-economic survey was conducted in six (6) cocoa growing districts: Nkawie, Goaso, Enchi, Oda, Twifo Praso/Assin Fosu and Hohoe. A structured questionnaire was employed in the collection of data from 300 respondents who were randomly chosen with multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The yield gaps and their proportion to yield potentials were estimated using data from the survey and on-station trials. The findings indicated an experimental yield gap of 1 553.4 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, accounting for 82.1% of the experimental yield potential whereas farmer-based yield gap was 1 537.2 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, also accounting for 82.0% of the farmer (survey) yield potential. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis indicated that frequency of spraying fungicides against black pod disease, spraying insecticides against capsids, weeding of cocoa farms, cocoa variety planted by farmer, area of cocoa farm and total cocoa production variables had a significant impact on cocoa yield. It is recommended that the Government should encourage cocoa farmers, through pragmatic measures, to adopt improved technologies for enhancing productivity instead of focusing on excessive land expansion which eventually leads to low productivity.</p>

scholarly journals PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF OFADA RICE PRODUCTION IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
E. O. OYEDEPO ◽  
A. A. ADEKANMBI
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Processing And Storage

The paper undertook an economic analysis of Ofada rice production in five prominent rice growing areas of Ogun State.  A two stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select a total of 120 rice farmers from five local government areas which are major areas known for Ofada rice production in the state. Primary data were collected for the study through structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) among rice farmers groups in the study area. Analytical tools adopted for the study included frequency, percentages, gross margin analysis and profitability ratios. Results of the analysis showed that majority of Ofada rice producers in the study area are male (73.33%). In terms of age, more than half of the respondents fell within the age range of 41 -50 years (63.33%) these farmers were young and within their active productive lives. Results of the distribution of respondents by annual income in the study area revealed that majority of the respondents (60.83%) obtained an income of between ₦201,000 and ₦400,000.00 per hectare.  However, 22.50% of the respondents obtained an income of less than ₦200,000.00 per hectare. The gross ratio, operating ratio, return per naira invested and profitability index were calculated to be 0.95, 0.80, 1.90 and 1.80 respectively. The gross margin of rice production per hectare was also estimated to be ₦222,020.00. All these indicate overall profitability of the enterprise. However, an average low yield of 2.5 tonnes per hectare was recorded due to constraints encountered during production. Some of the identified constraints in the study area are lack of capital (25.83%), lack of tractor for land clearing (10.83%), lack of good farm roads (16.67%), and inadequate processing and storage facilities (11.67%). It is then recommended that access to adequate capital, mechanical equipment and other incentives through farmers’ cooperatives and government aid for construction of farm roads could help increase rice production in the area and this will in turn help Nigeria to achieve a much desired self-sufficiency in rice production.      

scholarly journals The Effect of Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability on Dividend in the Manufacturing Listed Firms on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Abid Djazuli ◽  
Dodi Dodi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Equity Ratio

This study aims to investigate the effect of liquidity, solvency and profitability on dividend in the manufacturing listed firms on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period of 2010 to 2018. The variables employed in this study are liquidity, solvency, profitability and dividend per share. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression is used to analyze the data. The data is collected from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) website. The results reveal that liquidity, solvency and profitability have a significant effect on Dividend Per Share of Manufacturing Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Current Ratio, Cash Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, Net Profit Margin, and Earning per Share have a positive and significant effect on Dividend per Share. Therefore, manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange must maintain stability, liquidity, solvency and profitability in order to increase Dividend per Share.

scholarly journals Success Factors For Small And Medium Industries Based On Creative Industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Fitria Ardiana
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics, interest in entrepreneurship, business networks, promotion and government support for the success of creative industries based in Magelang Regency. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with a convenience sampling approach, as many as 100 entrepreneurs. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire or questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square with reflective measurement models for each latent variable in the study . The suggestion from this research is that entrepreneurs can increase theircourage in taking risks and create interesting and creative things and be more active in participating in programs organized by the government to increase business success and the government can give awards or prizes to entrepreneurs who actively participate in government programs.

scholarly journals Benefit Cost Analysis of Ugu (Telfaria occidentalis Hook.F.) Marketing in Bauchi, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
U. K. Iroegbute ◽  
A. J. Nandi ◽  
J. Moses ◽  
D. A. Olaleye ◽  
I. M. Jibo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Purchasing Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Margin Analysis ◽  
Cost Components

The study examined the economic analysis of “Ugu’’ marketing in Bauchi metropolis. The study was done by purposively selected four markets based on their popularity and availability of ‘’Ugu’’. A simple random technique was used in selecting the respondents and data was collected through the use of structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis. The result revealed that the purchasing cost for “ugu” was 22,000 per head (bunch) and after incurring other cost components the BCR was 1.14 kobo indicating that the business was a profitable venture with a return per naira invested as 0.14 kobo. The result also revealed that most of the marketers were women (64.28%) with majority of them within the active age of 31-39 with a mean age 41.2 years. The majority (66.10%) of the marketers are married with (55.40%) having household size 1-5 persons. The marketers had one form of education or the other with majority (69.64%) having secondary education and 60.71% having marketing experience of 6-10 years. The major constraints encountered by the marketers were perishability and insufficient capital which accounted for 57.14% and 32.16% respectively. Therefore our technology incubation centers should work on a better means of preserving our vegetable. The government and financial institutions should devise means of extending soft loans to the marketers so as to improve their marketing activities.

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