scholarly journals The Concept and Role of Money in Modern Economy: An Islamic Perspective

rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hafiz Moazzum Shah ◽  
Dr. Syed Abdul Ghaffar Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Comparative Study

Money has received a great deal of attention among Muslim jurists, because of its relevance to shariah issues such as zakat, usury, and sale, etc. These issues are definitely of great importance for all Muslims. This article proceeds with a discussion of classical concept of money as envisaged by early Muslim Jurists and their different point of views about the application of the term money. In second part, the concept and conditions of money according to modern Muslim Jurist and emergence of Islamic currency have been discussed. This part of the article also covers the comparative study of the role and functions of money in both conventional and Islamic economics system. The functions of money as discussed by the modern economists have been discussed by the early Muslim Jurists in detail. The last part of this study consists of the conclusion and findings of this article.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHILD DRUG ABUSE CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Ibnu Taqwim ◽  
Pagar Hasibuan ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Family ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Comparative Study

The inconsistency of law enforcement in implementing the substance of the narcotics law has led to a polemic in the community, especially against cases of drug abuse committed by minors, it becomes unclear, the approach method used in this study uses a normative juridical approach. The research found that children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes, if they are not proven to be dealers, which can be dangerous as a basis for imprisonment for children, it is necessary to be rehabilitated as regulated in the narcotics law. Considering that children who are perpetrators of narcotics crimes are only users and are affected by bad environmental conditions both in the family and the environment. Narcotics in the Islamic perspective is analogous to the prohibition of drinking alcohol. This prohibition is carried out because narcotics cause hatred, hostility, disaster and dangerous disasters, both for users, families, communities and the nation and state. Narcotics are prohibited in Islamic law and producers, dealers and users will be subject to Had or Ta’zir sanctions.

Performing International Systems: Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Ringmar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
East Asian ◽  
First Century ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
International Systems ◽  
Historical Periods

AbstractThis article provides a framework for the comparative study of international systems. By analyzing how international systems are framed, scripted, and performed, it is possible to understand how interstate relations are interpreted in different historical periods and parts of the world. But such an investigation also has general implications—inter alia for a study of the nature of power, the role of emotions in foreign policymaking, and public opinion formation. Case studies are provided by the Sino-centric, the Tokugawa, and the Westphalian systems. As this study shows, the two East Asian systems were in several respects better adapted than the Westphalian to the realities of international politics in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION VERBS IN THE ERZYA-MORDVIN AND FINNISH LANGUAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Natalya Michailovna Mosina ◽  
Nina Valentinovna Kazaeva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Perception Verbs ◽  
Verbal Group ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Gustatory Perception

The subject of this paper is visual perception verbs in the Erzya-Mordvin and Finnish languages from the point of view of their semantic characteristics in comparison. Depending on the leading role of the sensory system, which, along with the visual system, plays a major role in perception, one distinguishes between auditory, tactile, olfactory and gustatory perception. This verbal group has a sensuous level of interrelations. Being verbs of perception, they are aimed at objects that have physical characteristics, whereas many of them are focused on the perception of concepts. In this regard, the verbs of perception develop a polysemy that goes in different directions. The novelty of the research lies in the comparative study of the lexical level of the Erzya-Mordvin and Finnish languages, which will allow us to tackle some theoretic aspects of Finno-Ugric linguistics in the future. The problem associated with the study of the semantics of perception verbs, or perceptual activity, is of relevance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to describe the structure of the semantic field of verbs of one aspect of perception, namely the visual one: to determine the nuclear and peripheral verbal units using the material of the languages under study; to describe the system of meanings of verbal lexemes in the Erzya and Finnish languages, to analyze the polysemy of the studied verbal group in each of the above languages; to reveal additional semantic connotations in verbal lexemes; of particular interest is also the comparative study of the specifics of expression of the same semantic meaning in the context of far-related languages, in this case, Erzya and Finnish.

Legal Continuity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimer Sultany
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Critical Legal Theory ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter critiques the binary dichotomy between the concepts of “continuity” and “rupture” within theoretical conceptualizations of the law. Whereas legal theories such as Kelsen’s emphasize rupture, theories such as Dworkin’s emphasize continuity. These theories fail to account for legal continuity and rupture because the law is neither a gapless system nor a coherent whole. Building on the comparative study of the role of law during revolutions, the chapter shows that a revolution maintains varying levels of legal rupture and continuity with the pre-existing legal order. Building on critical legal theory and social theory, it argues that the relation between revolution and legality cannot be represented systematically because law—whether prior to or after the revolution—is incoherent and thus generates a plurality of voices.

Structures of the complexes of peanut lectin with methyl-β-galactose and N-acetyllactosamine and a comparative study of carbohydrate binding in Gal/GalNAc-specific legume lectins

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ravishankar ◽  
K. Suguna ◽  
A. Surolia ◽  
M. Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Peanut Lectin ◽  
Structural Explanation ◽  
Sugar Ring ◽  
Ordered Water ◽  
The Comparative Study

The crystal structures of complexes of peanut lectin with methyl-β-galactose and N-acetyllactosamine have been determined at 2.8 and 2.7 Å, respectively. These, and the complexes involving lactose and the T-antigenic disaccharide reported previously, permit a detailed characterization of peanut-lectin–carbohydrate association and the role of water molecules therein. The water molecules in the combining site are substantially conserved in the four complexes. The role of interacting sugar hydroxyl groups, when absent, are often mimicked by ordered water molecules not only at the primary combining site, but also at the site of the second sugar ring. The similarity of peanut-lectin–sugar interactions with those in other galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectins also extend to a substantial degree to water bridges. The comparative study provides a structural explanation for the exclusive specificity of peanut lectin for galactose at the monosaccharide level, compared with that of the other lectins for galactose as well as N-acetylgalactosamine. The complexes also provide a qualitative structural rationale for differences in the strengths of binding of peanut lectin to different sugars.

The Death of an Uncrowned King—C. R. Das and Political Crisis in Twentieth-Century Bengal

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-441
Author(s):  
Paul Greenough
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
The Comparative Study

These observations, which open a widely read essay on primitive religion, might with equal profit be applied to the comparative study of complex societies. They suggest an unusual descriptive project: to catalog the threats to social order in particular cultures in order to make revealing comparisons. They also imply that, armed with such a catalog, unusual meanings might be wrung out of recurrent disasters and common dilemmas. Such a project has not been ventured for South Asia, and I should like to begin with modern Bengal, but the embarassment arises that I am not confident I possess the “active principles” of Bengali culture. It is only by taking up acknowledged instances of “dangers,” “cataclysms,” and “disasters” that I expect to be able to reason back to ordering concepts and thus to complete the catalog. In the course of this short essay, however, only one specific calamity—the death of C. R. Das, a charismatic Indian politician—can be examined in detail. If I succeed in showing that this one calamity has a hitherto unrealized significance in modern Bengal, perhaps the reader will grant that the role of relatedcalamities in Bengal, and even in the whole of modern India, has not been insignificant.

Imperial Metabolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 437-459
Author(s):  
Alf Hornborg
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
British Empire ◽  
World History ◽  
World System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
System P ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Comparative Study

The chapter presents a theoretical framework for the comparative study of imperialism, viewed as strategies used by expansive states to appropriate resources from their hinterlands. It interprets imperial projects as ecological phenomena and focuses on their material metabolism based on the redistribution of labor and land. A cursory review of the history of six empires (Han China, Rome, Inca, Aztec, Spain, and Britain) illustrates some continuities and discontinuities in imperial strategies through more than two millennia of world history. The emphasis is on how energy, land, and labor are appropriated and how such appropriation is legitimized ideologically. Imperial strategies are roughly categorized as agrarian, mercantile, industrial, or financial. Special attention is given to the role of technology in the expansion of the British Empire. Industrial technologies are reconceptualized as strategies for locally saving human time and natural space at the expense of time and space lost elsewhere in the world-system.

Approaches to Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Michael Saward
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The World ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Models Of Democracy

This chapter offers a critique of the current state of play in the study of democracy. It aims to pinpoint both strengths and limitations of current theories and approaches. A broad range of approaches is covered: the discourse of ‘models of democracy’; the conception of ‘liberal democracy’ that prevails in the comparative study of democratic states and democratization; the deliberative model; normative political philosophy approaches; the world of ‘democratic innovations’, including direct and participative innovations; and recent ‘pragmatic’ and problem-driven approaches. The chapter identifies through these critiques a set of lessons to carry forward, including key points about embracing plurality and the role of experimentation in rethinking democracy.

Law and Religion: Reimagining the Entanglement of Two Universals

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
Mona Oraby ◽  
Winnifred Fallers Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
New Work ◽  
Entire Space ◽  
Human History ◽  
Overlapping Domains ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Legal Normativity

In the last few decades, the study of law and religion has undergone considerable reconstruction. Less and less constrained by modern statist construals of rights talk or tied to confessional contexts, the comparative study of the intersection of law and religion by anthropologists, historians, sociologists, and religious studies scholars is undergoing a real renaissance. Exciting new work explores the entanglement of legal and religious ideas, institutions, and material objects across the entire space and time of human history. This article models an engagement between the academic study of religion and sociolegal scholarship by introducing scholars in both fields to contemporary debates in the study of law and religion. These debates examine how and when state law persists as a meaningful arena of contestation; the role of indigenous elites and arrangements of legal pluralism in colonial contexts; and new approaches to economy, race, and sovereignty and citizenship. By mobilizing an understanding of law that does not take for granted the state's alleged monopoly on generating and regulating legal normativity, the article argues that holding law and religion in abeyance as normative traditions invites a far more expansive imaging of these universals in their singularity, in their copresence, and as overlapping domains.

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