Motor Learning of Complex Tasks with Augmented Feedback: Modality-Dependent Effectiveness

Background: This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of feedback modalities in the motor learning of complex tasks. Methods: This study examined sixty-one male university students randomised to three groups: group Verbal (VER) = 20 (body height 178.6 ± 4.3 cm, body mass 81.3 ± 3.7 kg, age 20.3 ± 1.2 years), group Visual (VIS) = 21 (body height 179 ± 4.6 cm, body mass 82 ± 3.4 kg, age 20.3 ± 1.2 years), and group Verbal–Visual (VER&VIS) = 20 (body height 178.6 ± 4.3 cm, body mass 81.3 ± 3.7 kg, age 20.3 ± 1.2 years). The duration of the experiment was 6 months. Training sessions were performed three times per week (on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays). The participants were instructed to perform a vertical jump with an arm swing (with forward and upward motion). During the jump, the participants pulled their knees up to their chests and grabbed their lower legs. The jump was completed with a half-squat landing, with arms positioned sideward. The jumping performance was rated by three gymnastic judges on a scale from 1 to 10. Results: A Tukey post hoc test revealed that in the post-test, a significant difference in the quality of performance was found between the Verbal group concerning errors combined with visual feedback on how to correct them (VER&VIS), the Verbal group concerning errors (VER), and the Visual group with visual feedback on the correctness of task performance (VIS). The ratings observed in the post-test were significantly higher in group VER&VIS than in groups VER and VIS (9%; p < 0.01 and 15%; p < 0.001, respectively). All judges’ ratings observed in group VER&VIS and VIS decreased insignificantly, but in group VER the ratings improved insignificantly. Conclusion: Providing verbal feedback combined with visual feedback on how to correct errors made in performing vertical jumps proved more effective than the provision of verbal feedback only or visual feedback only.

SEMANTICS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION VERBS IN THE ERZYA-MORDVIN AND FINNISH LANGUAGES

The subject of this paper is visual perception verbs in the Erzya-Mordvin and Finnish languages from the point of view of their semantic characteristics in comparison. Depending on the leading role of the sensory system, which, along with the visual system, plays a major role in perception, one distinguishes between auditory, tactile, olfactory and gustatory perception. This verbal group has a sensuous level of interrelations. Being verbs of perception, they are aimed at objects that have physical characteristics, whereas many of them are focused on the perception of concepts. In this regard, the verbs of perception develop a polysemy that goes in different directions. The novelty of the research lies in the comparative study of the lexical level of the Erzya-Mordvin and Finnish languages, which will allow us to tackle some theoretic aspects of Finno-Ugric linguistics in the future. The problem associated with the study of the semantics of perception verbs, or perceptual activity, is of relevance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to describe the structure of the semantic field of verbs of one aspect of perception, namely the visual one: to determine the nuclear and peripheral verbal units using the material of the languages under study; to describe the system of meanings of verbal lexemes in the Erzya and Finnish languages, to analyze the polysemy of the studied verbal group in each of the above languages; to reveal additional semantic connotations in verbal lexemes; of particular interest is also the comparative study of the specifics of expression of the same semantic meaning in the context of far-related languages, in this case, Erzya and Finnish.

Verbal Group Complexes Application In Palang Tamak Text Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspective

Pan Balang Tamak text is one of Balinese narrative texts developing in Balinese communities. This text contains very deep moral value that is very useful for communities to achieve happiness in the world. The moral values embed in the clauses constructing the text in metaphorical meaning. Many clauses constructing the text contain verbal group complexes in which describe kinds of actions done by the participants. This paper analyzes the application of verbal group complexes in Pan Balang Tamak text written by Suptra (2014). The theory used to analyze the verbal group complexes is the theory of group complex from Systemic Functional Linguistics from Halliday (2014). The paper used qualitative research, namely by the theory approach, the technique used is based on syntagmatic and paradigmatic based on field, tenor, mode. The result of the research suggested that both verbal group complexes in paratactic and in hypotactic were found in the text. Paratactic can be found in the way of the communities respect their bad behavior and the real condition happening to all animal living in the forest. The hypotactic were found the clauses which contain the effort to trap Pan Balang Tamak and the advantages obtained by Pan Balang Tamak from the efforts which be trap Pan Balang Tamak. Projection verb can be found in verbal process in which mean proposal, namely, the willing to trap Pan Balang Tamak

The Shift Process in Transitivity System on Obama’s and Trump’s Inauguration Speech: A Translation Study

The purpose of this study is to describe the shift process which is caused by applying certain translation techniques. The techniques are modulation, transposition, implication, and reduction by Molina and Albir (2002). The research used descriptive qualitative-quantitative method by applying purposive sampling technique. The source of the data was the text of Obama’s and Trump’s inauguration speech and their respective translations. There were 152 data in each inauguration speech. The data were the clause which contains the process type which is realized in verbal group in English and its translation. Based on the total of research data, 10 data or 6.57 % in Obama’s inauguration speech and 7 data or 4.60 % in Trump’s inauguration speech was obtained. The obtained data was changing or shifting in process type from the original text into the target text (Indonesian). So, the result of the research supports the theory that modulation, implication, explication, and reduction can cause the shift, especially in verbal group.

The Shift Process in Transitivity System on Obama’s and Trump’s Inauguration Speech: A Translation Study

The purpose of this study is to describe the shift process which is caused by applying certain translation techniques. The techniques are modulation, transposition, implication, and reduction by Molina and Albir (2002). The research used descriptive qualitative-quantitative method by applying purposive sampling technique. The source of the data was the text of Obama’s and Trump’s inauguration speech and their respective translations. There were 152 data in each inauguration speech. The data were the clause which contains the process type which is realized in verbal group in English and its translation. Based on the total of research data, 10 data or 6.57 % in Obama’s inauguration speech and 7 data or 4.60 % in Trump’s inauguration speech was obtained. The obtained data was changing or shifting in process type from the original text into the target text (Indonesian). So, the result of the research supports the theory that modulation, implication, explication, and reduction can cause the shift, especially in verbal group.

Halliday’s Mood System: A Scorecard of Literacy in the English Grammar in an L2 Situation / O sistema de modo de Halliday: um quadro de resultados sobre o conhecimento da gramática da língua inglesa como L2

It is no gainsaying that English is not only renowned in world affairs; its hegemony over other languages seems incontestable, and perhaps, unchecked. The domineering behavior has persuaded an L2 speaker to seek the knowledge of the language at all costs. It is fascinating to propose that the Halliday’s mood system could play a vibrant role in the understanding of the structures of English. This basis inspired the study to elucidate the arms of the mood system as consisting of grammatical structures of declarative, imperative, and interrogative; semiotic domains of Mood and Residue; and interpersonal grammatical transposition of MOOD. For a practical purpose, the study examined ten texts of advertisements processed through the mood system. The analysis revealed the verbal group as containing the finite and the predicator. Moreover, in a situation of fusion, both Finite and Predicator shared the verbal functional entity in terms of tense and natural ‘process’ statuses. Furthermore, Subject, Finite, Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct (SFPCA) are the components of the declarative, Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct (PCA) represent the jussive imperative; and SPCAs are units of the suggestive imperative. The study suggested that the appreciation of mood systemic sequences could quicken an L2 speaker to a better-cum-fuller understanding of English grammatical system.Keywords: English grammar; language acquisition; language learning; literacy; mood system.Resumo: Não é novidade que o inglês é reconhecido mundialmente; sua hegemonia parece incontestável e talvez, sem julgamento. A dominância dessa língua persuade seus falantes como L2 a buscarem conhecimento sobre ela de todas as formas. É fascinante propor que o sistema de modo de Halliday poderia ter um papel importante na compreensão das estruturas do inglês. Essa ideia inspirou esse estudo a elucidar o papel do sistema de modo, o qual consiste de estruturas gramaticais declarativas, imperativas e interrogativas; que pertencem ao domínio semiótico de Modo e Resíduo e à transposição gramatical interpessoal de MODO. Para o estudo dez testos de propagandas foram processados através do sistema de modo. A análise revelou que o grupo verbal contém formas Finitas e Predicadores. Ademais, numa situação de fusão, ambos o sistema Finito e Predicador dividiam a função verbal de entidade funcional em termos de tempo e processos naturais. Além disso, Sujeito, Finito, Predicador, Complemento e Adjunto (SFPCA) são componentes de declarativas; Predicador, Complemento e Adjunto (PCA) representam o imperativo jussivo; e SPCAs são unidades do imperativo sugestivo. O estudo sugere que a observação de sequências sistêmicas de modo poderiam agilizar o conhecimento de um aprendiz de inglês L2 do sistema gramatical da língua.Palavras-chave: gramática do inglês; aquisição de língua; aprendizagem de língua; letramento; sistema de modo.

TRANSLATION SHIFT OF A TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN OBAMA AND TRUMP’S INAUGURATION SPEECH

The purpose of the study is to describe the process shift caused by applying certain translation techniques. The research used descriptive qualitative method by applying purposive sampling technique. The source of the data was text of Obama’s and Trump’s inauguration speech and its translation. There were 152 data in each inauguration speech. The data were the clause contained the process type in verbal group in English and its translation. The results of the research showed 10 data or 6.57 % in Obama’s inauguration speech and 7 data or 4.60 % in Trump’s inauguration speech which was changing or shifting in process type from original text into target text (Indonesia). It also showed that the translation techniques caused the shift, especially in verbal group.

SFL- based Analysis of Thematic Structure of the Qurʾān (19:41-50): Some Reflections

The present study is an endeavor to explore applying Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to the oldest Arabic text (the Qurʾān). The study point of departure is the textual metafunction (of the Sura 19:41-50), focusing principally on thematic structure (Theme-Rheme) for its role first in organizing the linguistic resources of both the experiential and interpersonal meanings in text production; and secondly in message unfolding. The salient results are the followings: the use of the three types of Theme (i.e., textual, interpersonal and topical). The topical Theme, important in message unfolding, it is essentially realized by the verbal group in the declarative clause. By virtue of verbal inflection, the bound pronominal markers, expressing Subject in Mood system and the Participant in the transitivity system, expands Theme boundary to better reflect Arabic clause structure. As to Theme orientation, the semantic aspect of Theme function , it is seen that the interaction of the verbal-locution- projection, modalization of Theme, in particular, and other elements contributed to the saliency of interpersonal meanings. Though the Qurʾānic Arabic, of this narrative, lends itself for SFL analysis, the results should be interpreted as an approximation that needs further studies. That Theme, in this study, is register specific is too early to consider as comprehensive analysis of Qurʾānic narrative register is required to support these results. Finally, analyzing the Qurʾānic Arabic provides a support for SFL universality; and at the same time, SFL, as a sociosemiotic linguistic theory, offers new avenues to better understand the Qurʾānic texts in many ways.

Visual outcome of congenital and developmental cataract surgery in Lumbini Eye Institute

Background: Paediatric blindness presents as an enormous problem to developing countries in terms of human morbidity, economic loss and social burden.Aims and Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the visual outcome of congenital and developmental cataract surgery.Materials and Methods: This study was prospective, longitudinal and interventional. The patients aged ≤15 years, diagnosed either congenital or developmental cataract and planned for cataract surgery were enrolled during March 2014 to February 2015 at Lumbini Eye Institute, Nepal. The patients underwent either: a) Lens aspiration + PPC+ Anterior Vitrectomy; b) Lens aspiration + PPC+ Anterior Vitrectomy + PCIOL; c) Lens Aspiration + PCIOL depending upon age of patient. The patients were examined after surgery day 1, day 2, after 2 weeks and after 6 weeks. Glasses were prescribed at 6 weeks from the date of surgery. Occlusion therapy was initiated in cases wherever necessary.Results: A total of 54 eyes of 43 children were included in the study. The sex ratio was 1.26 female per male with mean age of 3 years (SD ± 2.16). In the verbal group, 61.1% (33 eyes) had final visual acuity (6/6-6/18). In the non verbal group, 16.7% (9 eyes) had final visual acuity of good fixation and follow. There was a statistically highly significant improvement in post surgical Best corrected visual acuity (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Good visual outcome after pediatric cataract surgery can be obtained if surgery is performed by skilled surgeon. The awareness of pediatric cataract, early diagnosis and timely intervention to surgical treatment, and postoperative management of residual uncorrected refractive error and amblyopia are important factors for the prevention of childhood blindness from cataract.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(2) 2018 36-39