scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF THE CHELATING ION EXCHANGERS BASED ON COPOLYMERS OF EPOXYACRYLATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
E. E. Ergozhin ◽  
◽  
N. A. Bektenov ◽  
K. M. Kalmuratova ◽  
K. A. Sadykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Ternary Copolymer ◽  
Acid Character

The possibilities of obtaining new chelating (complexing) ion exchangers based on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid complexone (OEDP) were studied. The optimal synthesis conditions and studied the physicochemical properties of the resin.To assess the acid-base properties of the synthesized polyelectrolytes, potentiometric studies were carried out, it was determined that the new ion exchangers have a medium acid character, and also belong to polyfunctional ion exchangers. The structure of the synthe-sized ion exchangers GMA-TPGDA-MMA: OEDP, GMA-MMA: OEDP was established by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Studied the influence of the ratio of the initial reacting components, temperature and duration of the process on the static exchange capacity of ion exchangers. It was found that an increase in the amount of oxyethylenediphosphonic acid in the initial mixture in the reaction mixture from 1.0 to 3.0 mass parts leads to an increase in the capacity from 4.3 mEq / g to 6.2 mEq / g according to GMA-TPGDA- MMA: HEDP, from 4.8 mEq / g to 6.6 mEq / g according to GMA-MMA: HEDP. The chemical stability of the ion exchan-gers showed that the obtained ion exchangers are quite inert to chemical reagents. The most stable was the cation exchanger based on the ternary copolymer GMA-TPGDA-MMA: HEDP with a mass ratio of 1: 3. The degree of loss of capacity of the ion exchanger, obtained on its basis, does not exceed 9% when treated with solutions of acids, alkalis, and under the action of oxidizing agents, SEC practically does not change.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ION EXCHANGERS DERIVED FROM NON-WOOD CELLULOSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Yelatontsev ◽  
Anatoly P. Mukhachev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Cation Exchangers

A rational scheme for the processing of large-scale agro-industrial waste – walnut shells Juglans Regia L. and apricot kernels Prunus Armeniaca L. was proposed. At first stage, the raw material was delignificated using liquid ammonia to remove hemicelluloses and lignin. Isolated non-wood pulp is chemically modifying to increase sorption and ion exchange properties. For the synthesis of anion exchangers, cellulose was aminated using pyridine or trimethylamine after preliminary treatment consequentially with formalin and C2H5OH in HCl medium. As a result, we obtained high and weakly-basic ion exchangers with nitrogen content of 10.3–11.5% and high exchange capacity towards various classes of inorganic anions. For synthesis of cation exchangers, cellulose was treated with solution consisting of 20% H3PO4, 40% CO(NH2)2, and 40% H2O. Consequently, we obtained phosphorus-containing high-acidic cation exchangers with exchange capacity towards heavy metal of 5.5–8.6 mmol∙cm–3. Both types of ion exchangers have a high capacity towards uranium: anion exchanger – 4.25 mmol∙cm–3 and cation exchanger – 4.94 mmol∙cm–3, respectively. Average total yield of ion exchangers related to weight of air-dry feedstock was 90%. Synthesized ion exchangers characterized by IR spectroscopy. Presence of amine functional groups –NH2 in aminated cellulose and phosphate ester groups –OPO(OH)2 in phosphorylated cellulose was established. Specific surface area and total static exchange capacity of synthesized ion exchangers were established. An environmentally friendly method for the disposal of spent solutions from the synthesis of cation exchangers was proposed. It allows getting a liquid complex fertilizer containing 17% N and 13.9% P2O5. Usage of this fertilizer for grain crops feeding increases plants length by 40–75%, as well as overall biomass increase by 20–30%.

Sorption of Cadmium and Lead by Chelating Ion Exchangers Ostsorb OXIN, Ostsorb DETA, and Ostsorb DTTA

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Svoboda ◽  
Petr Vořechovský
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The properties of cellulose chelating ion exchangers Ostsorb have been studied in the sorption of cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions. The Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions are trapped by the Ostsorb OXIN and Ostsorb DETA ion exchangers most effectively in neutral and alkaline media but at these conditions formation of stable hydrolytic products of both metals competes with the exchange equilibria. From this point of view, Ostsorb DTTA appears to be a more suitable sorbent since it traps the Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in acidic media already. Chloride ions interfere with the sorption of the two metals by Ostsorb DTTA whereas the ionic strength adjusted by the addition of sodium perchlorate does not affect the exchange capacity of this ion exchanger.

scholarly journals The development of technology for production of zeolites from fly-ash from Troitskaya power plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20218111
Author(s):  
V. A. Snegirev ◽  
V. M. Yurk
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Hydrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Zeolite Production

The study examines the technology of processing fly ash from Troitskaya power plant for the production of zeolite. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies evaluating the suitability of fly ash from Troitskaya power plant for the production of zeolites and the development of the zeolite production process. Fly ash contains a small amount of heavy metals that can complicate processing, but contains a large amount of silicon oxide. The technology consists of high-temperature alkaline activation of fly ash and hydrochemical synthesis. The resulting powder has a specific surface area of 89.7 m2/g, determined by the BET method, and an average pore diameter of 0.345 μm. The static exchange capacity was 220 mg/g.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Zeolite from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Investigation on the Variation of the Propert of Zeolite during the Conversion Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Changxin Li ◽  
Yuan Yu ◽  
Qingwu Zhang ◽  
Hong Zhong ◽  
Shuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese ◽  
Electrolytic Manganese Residue ◽  
Higher Temperature

In this study, the cation exchange capacity (CEC); phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC); and chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of the synthesized electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) based zeolite (EMRZ) were systematically investigated during the synthesis process. By varying synthesis conditions, different zeolites with different purity were generated, and it was proven that a lower Si/Al ratio, relatively higher temperature, and relatively longer time favored the synthesis of zeolite. Besides, the decrease in Si/Al ratio and variation within a narrow range contributed to the forming of Al rich zeolite. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of CEC and PIC of EMRZ contributed to the case in which various elements in EMRZ do have an impact on CEC (Na2O element and type of zeolite) and PIC (calcium and iron components). Moreover, the synthesis conditions were optimized and evaluated in terms of their CEC, specific surface area (SSA), and crystallinity. According to the analyses using XRD, FE-SEM, and XRF and the SSA analysis, the EMRZ (mainly zeolite A, LTA) synthesized under the optimum conditions (initial Si/Al ratio of 1.5, at 100°C, for 1.5 h) was found to be mainly composed of highly ordered cubic zeolites A crystals with a Si/Al ratio of 1.02 and a CEC of 3.45 meq/g.

Effect of polyamine reagents on exchange capacity in ion exchangers

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
T. I. Petrova ◽  
F. V. Dyachenko ◽  
Yu. V. Bogatyreva ◽  
A. K. Borodastov ◽  
I. S. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchangers

scholarly journals Sorption And Physicochemical Properties of A Phosphorylated Mercerised Cotton Cellulose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Solovov ◽  
Anfisa Yu. Perevoznikova ◽  
Alexander F. Seliverstvov ◽  
Alexey V. Shapagin ◽  
Alexander M. Fedoseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cellulose Sample ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Concentration

Abstract A process of a mercerised cotton cellulose sample phosphorylation has been investigated. After oxidation a phosphorus content was determined by spectrophotometric analysis and it was in a range of 0.179 to 0.950 mmol g–1. A significant decrease in the tensile strength of the sample was found upon an increase of phosphoric acid concentration in a phosphorylating solution. Phosphorylated mercerized fabric contents more phosphorous as unmercerized fabric in 3 times. The sorption properties of phosphorylated cotton cellulose in aqueous solution containing Cu2+ were characterized. The maximum of static exchange capacity was found to be 1.48 ± 0.11 mmol g–1 for phosphorylated cotton with content 0.898 ± 0.090 mmol g–1 of phosphorus. The sorption of Cu2+ by single phosphorus-containing group occurs for samples with not exceeding 0.80 mmol g–1 of phosphorus. The preliminary studies of uranium(VI) micro quantities of radionuclides 241Am, 233U and 239Pu sorption from aqueous solution with phosphorylated textile demonstrated the high efficiency.

scholarly journals Application of Granulated Glauconite and a Sorbent Modified on its Basis in the Processes of Water Systems Purification from Cesium Radio Nuclides

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solution ◽  
Kinetic Curve ◽  
Water System ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Cesium Sorption ◽  
Radio Nuclide ◽  
Filter Bed

High effectiveness of the granulated glauconite and nickel-cadmium sorbent modified with mixed ferrocyanide on its basis application as a filter bed for water solution purification from cesium radio nuclides has been demonstrated. Meeting of the developed sorbents mechanical strength of the GOST requirements to filtering grained materials has been stated. Results of the investigation of the sorption concentration of 137Cs radio nuclide from water solutions with experimental samples in static and dynamic conditions have been presented. The modified sorbent has shown an increased specificity in respect of 137Cs. The developed sorbents’obtained static exchange capacity in terms of 137Cs is estimated by the value >30 mg/g. Cesium sorption with the sorbents under study time dependencies have been obtained. It has been stated that the sorbent modification causes the process speed constant increase at the starting section of the kinetic curve. Output curves of the cesium sorption with the developed sorbents in dynamic regime are presented. Distribution coefficients for 137Cs obtained in dynamic conditions for the modified sorbent are one order of magnitude higher than that for granulated glauconite. During filtration of 34500 ml of water solution (≈ 8600 unit’s volumes) the fault did not exceeded 6 %. The obtained experimental data enable to recommend both granulated glauconite and its modified analog as a filter bed. For the first time it has been shown that the use of the modified sorbent allows to increase the treatment facilities filtering cycle. The sorbents developed on the basis of local natural materials can be applied in the water system treatment techniques for purification from cesium radio nuclide.

Improving stability of anaerobic biological reactors using composite ion exchangers

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra N. Mitra ◽  
Arup K. SenGupta ◽  
Irwin J. Kugelman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Solids Content

Instability in anaerobic biological processes is caused primarily by the inhibition of methanogens due to (i) the buildup of volatile acids and a consequent reduction in pH under BOD overloading and (ii) heavy metal contamination of the feed. A three-year long study confirmed that the process stability can be greatly improved by retaining composite ion exchangers (CIX) within the anaerobic reactors. CIX is a polymeric ion exchanger with imino-diacetate functional group and thus can buffer the pH and arrest cationic heavy metals. Because of its cloth-like texture and thin-sheet morphology, CIX is compatible in a biological medium with a high solids content. After three years of operation, CIX did not foul and retained its original exchange capacity. Use of CIX in anaerobic bioreactors is particularly attractive for high-strength biological wastewater where unforeseen fluctuations in feed compositions are rather common.

3D Printing of Stem Cell Responsive Ionically-Crosslinked Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate/ Alginate Composite Hydrogels Loaded with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Dental Pulp Tissue Engineering: A Preclinical Evaluation in Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Feng ◽  
Jingming Liu ◽  
Murugan Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Dental Pulp Tissue ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Concentration Ratios

The main aim of this study was to develop a 3D printed stem cell-responsive polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and sodium alginate (SA) composite hydrogel system (PEGDA/SA) loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) suitable for dental pulp tissue engineering. The PEGDA/SA loaded with bFGF (PEGDA/SA-bFGF) at different concentration ratios were 3D printed via stereolithography (SLA) under optimal processing conditions, followed by ionic crosslinking. The morphological and porous structure of the 3D printed PEGDA/SA-bFGF constructs and release profile of the bFGF were analyzed. The cellular compatibility of the hydrogel constructs was evaluated using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs)in vitro. Subsequently, biocompatibility and tissue regenerative potential of the hydrogel constructs were evaluated in immunodeficient mice model. The in vitro cell culture results of PEGDA/SA-bFGF constructs exhibited high cell compatibility and supported cell proliferation, irrespective of their concentration ratios. Thein vivo animal experiment results showed that the hDPSCs-laden PEGDA/SA (PEGDA/SA-hDPSCs) group failed to form a good pulp structure even at various concentration ratios. When the mass ratio of PEGDA/SA was 25:1, hDPSCs-laden PEGDA/SA-bFGF (PEGDA/SA-bFGF-hDPSCs) group also failed to form dental pulp-like tissue but a partial loose connective tissue formation was observed. However, when the mass ratio of PEGDA/SA reduces to 20:1 ~ 15:1, the PEGDA/SA-bFGF-hDPSCs group tends to form a well-organized pulp structure post 4 weeks implantation, thus highlighting the potential of this particular hydrogel scaffolding system for dental pulp tissue regenerative applications.

Acid character of nontronite: permanent and pH-dependent charge components of cation exchange capacity

Clay Minerals ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
B. S. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Dependent Component ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fe Ions ◽  
Acid Character

AbstractThe cation exchange capacity (C.E.C.) of nontronite was determined by titrating the acid clay, prepared by the action of H-resin on nontronite, in water and some nonaqueous solvents. The base-titratable acidities of the acid nontronite, freshly prepared as well as aged, were found to be greater than the acidities extractable with 1 N NaCl; the difference was attributed to the non-exchangeable pH-dependent component of C.E.C. In the freshly prepared sample, H+ and Fe3+ ions were the only exchangeable cations. Ageing produced basic Fe ions which were exchangeable and whose amount increased at the cost of H− and Fe3+ ions. Whatever the age, the total quantity of these exchangeable cations corresponding to the total isomorphous charge, remained constant. The amount of the pH-dependent acidity also remained unchanged. A likely mechanism to account for the observed pH-dependent component of the C.E.C, of nontronite is suggested.

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