Sorption And Physicochemical Properties of A Phosphorylated Mercerised Cotton Cellulose

A process of a mercerised cotton cellulose sample phosphorylation has been investigated. After oxidation a phosphorus content was determined by spectrophotometric analysis and it was in a range of 0.179 to 0.950 mmol g–1. A significant decrease in the tensile strength of the sample was found upon an increase of phosphoric acid concentration in a phosphorylating solution. Phosphorylated mercerized fabric contents more phosphorous as unmercerized fabric in 3 times. The sorption properties of phosphorylated cotton cellulose in aqueous solution containing Cu2+ were characterized. The maximum of static exchange capacity was found to be 1.48 ± 0.11 mmol g–1 for phosphorylated cotton with content 0.898 ± 0.090 mmol g–1 of phosphorus. The sorption of Cu2+ by single phosphorus-containing group occurs for samples with not exceeding 0.80 mmol g–1 of phosphorus. The preliminary studies of uranium(VI) micro quantities of radionuclides 241Am, 233U and 239Pu sorption from aqueous solution with phosphorylated textile demonstrated the high efficiency.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL SEMI-FINISHED MEAT PRODUCTS COVERED IN PASTRY

The work in improvements of technology of production of functional semi-finished meat products covered in pastry was carried out in purposes of creation of product character by sanative properties. The purpose and objective of this work was optimization of the formulation of forcemeat and the technology its production. The dual purpose of this work was development of technology of bringing in the forcemeat of compounds of iodine deficient in all Ukrainian regions, and development of meat mix, which composition would conform to WHO recommendation concerning of norms of content of amino-acids in ideal albumen. There was carried out the evaluation of composition of set of amino-acids of the albumen component, as well as of functional and technological properties of experimental forcemeat compositions. The examined properties were their capability to hold water and form stable meat emulsions. The composition of the mix used as the standard for comparison conformed to the formulation of the minced liver pastry set by the national standard of DSTU 6028:2008 “Frozen Semi-Finished Meat Products Covered in Pastry”. The investigation was carried with use of samples enriched by adding of 0.3 % of hydrated preparation of “Elamin” produced from seaweed of Laminaria recommended for adding in rations of sanative destination reach by iodine and set of mineral compounds, potassium the most. The experimental mixes contained also the additives of 5 % of wheat cellulose (sample № 1), and 5 % of soy albumen (sample № 2), and it was shown that the experimental mixes are character by better organoleptic properties, increased water-holding capacity, and forming of stable emulsions. The experimental mixes contain the heightened content of amino-acids as compared with the control one, and conformed to all criteria of ideal albumen. The final result of the work was development of optimized technology of the frozen functional mince-meat products covered in pastry. To assist in its introduction, there were developed the Specifications and the Technological instruction of “Frozen Semi-Finished Meat Products in Pastry of “Vareniki Ozdorovchi” coded as TUU 10.1-00493706-075:2019 and TIU 10.1-00493706-075:2019, respectively.

Impact of Methyl Cellulose Surfactant in Uniform Dispersion of Carbon Nanotube Suspension

In this paper, experimental synthesis of uniform dispersion of carbon nanotube using four different surfactants have been presented. Carboxy Methyl Cellulose sample is a better surfactant to disperse CNT in an aqueous solution rather than in organic solutions. The uniformly dispersed sample is coated on silicon substrate and the surface morphology is studied using AFM and SEM and I-V characteristics are studied for the effective sample using PXI 4110 slot of National Instruments.

OBTAINING MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE FROM MELON CROPS AND STUDYING ITS STRUCTURE

The aim of the study was to obtain microcrystalline cellulose from gourds. Cellulose was isolated from the stems of watermelon and pumpkin by acid and alkaline heat treatment. Microcrystalline cellulose was obtained from cellulose by hydrolysis. Cellulose was hydrolyzed in a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The optical parameters of the microcrystalline cellulose sample, ash content, bulk density, water swelling, and moisture sorption were determined. The structural features of the obtained microcrystalline cellulose were studied by IR spectroscopy. The functional groups present under various conditions for the production of microcrystalline cellulose were determined. The influence of the duration of cellulose treatment on the degree of ordering of microcrystalline cellulose was established.

Контроль структуры имплантов и систем доставки лекарственных соединений при помощи метода сканирующей электронной микроскопии с энергодисперсионным анализом

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive spectrometric (EDS) analysis was used for the first time in the studies of composition of several materials being developed for medical uses. Cartilage implants were obtained on the basis of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels, bacterial and plant cellulose samples; dynamics of changes in implant composition and composition of near-boundary zones was demonstrated. This dynamics is indicative of dependence of osteointegration process on the nature of cellulose sample. The systems intended for protein delivery and based on porous vaterites (СаСО3) were studied; these delivery systems include the composite products in which the matrices (СаСО3 cores) are coated with several pairs of polyelectrolyte layers. It was demonstrated that structures of polyelectrolyte coatings can be determined depending on the coating methods; localization of encapsulated protein in СаСО3 cores was established.

Pengaruh Waktu dan Konsentrasi NaOH pada Proses Delignifikasi Wheat Bran

There are approximately 14.5% of whole wheat which belongs to bran and contains cellulose (33.7-40%), hemicellulose (21-26%), lignin (11–22.9%) and the other components. Cellulose is polysaccharide which is composed of 2000-3000 unit of glucose. Cellulose purification from the wheat bran can be done by the hydrolysis, followed by the processes of delignification and bleaching. The experiments were perfomed first by hydrolizing 20 grams of wheat bran using 250 mL of 2.5 N HCl solution for 2 hours at temperature of 80oC. The next process was delignification using 400 mL of NaOH solution and was conducted by varying the time in 1 hour, 1,5 hours, 2 hours, and 2.5 hours and the concentration of NaOH solution in 0.5 N; 1 N; 1.5 N; 2 N. For the last process, bleaching was performed by using 300 mL of H2O2 10% solution in temperature of 80oC for 1 hour. The sample was then dried in order to remove water content by getting the sample in the oven for 1 hour at temperature of 40oC. The goals of the experiments were to find the correlation between the variation of time and NaOH concentration to the cellulose quality in terms of the color and the structure of cellulose sample and and to the quantitative measure which was the yield of the sample. The best product was obtained at the optimum operation of 2.5 hours delignification and 1.55 N of NaOH concentration. Keywords: wheat bran, cellulose, hydrolysis, delignification, bleaching Wheat bran merupakan kulit luar gandum dengan jumlah sekitar 14,5% dari total keseluruhan gandum selain mengandung selulosa (33,7-40%), hemiselulosa (21-26%), lignin (11–22,9%) dan komponen-komponen lainnya. Selulosa merupakan polisakarida yang terdiri dari 2000-3000 unit glukosa. Pengambilan selulosa dari wheat bran dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yakni dimulai dengan proses hidrolisis dilanjutkan dengan proses delignifikasi dan yang terakhir adalah proses bleaching. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menghidrolisis wheat bran sebanyak 20 gram menggunakan larutan HCl 2,5 N sebanyak 250 mL dalam waktu 2 jam pada suhu 80oC. Dilanjutkan dengan proses delignifikasi wheat bran pada suhu 80oC dengan menggunakan larutan NaOH sebanyak 400 mL. Proses delignifikasi dilakukan dengan membuat variasi waktu percobaan dan konsentrasi NaOH. Waktu percobaan divariasikan 1 jam; 1,5 jam; 2 jam; 2,5 jam sedangkan konsentrasi NaOH divariasikan 0,5 N; 1 N, 1,5 N; 2 N. Tahapan terakhir adalah bleaching larutan H2O2 10% sebanyak 300 mL, dan proses ini dilakukan selama 1 jam pada suhu 80oC. Hasil akhir dihilangkan kadar airnya dengan mengoven sampel selama 1 jam dalam oven bersuhu 400 C. Hasil yang akan dianalisis dari percobaan ini adalah kualitas dengan parameter struktur dan warna sampel selulosa serta kuantitas selulosa dengan parameter yield. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kondisi optimum untuk proses delignifikasi untuk nilai total tertinggi adalah 2,5 jam dan konsentrasi sebesar 1,55 N. Kata kunci: wheat bran, selulosa, hidrolisis,delignifikasi, bleaching

Three dimensional ink-jet printing of biomaterials using ionic liquids and co-solvents

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C4C1Im][OAc]) have been used as solvents for the dissolution and ink-jet printing of cellulose from 1.0 to 4.8 wt%, mixed with the co-solvents 1-butanol and DMSO. 1-Butanol and DMSO were used as rheological modifiers to ensure consistent printing, with DMSO in the range of 41–47 wt% producing samples within the printable range of a DIMATIX print-head used (printability parameter < 10) at 55 °C, whilst maintaining cellulose solubility. Regeneration of cellulose from printed samples using water was demonstrated, with the resulting structural changes to the cellulose sample assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interferometry (WLI). These results indicate the potential of biorenewable materials to be used in the 3D additive manufacture process to generate single-component and composite materials.

14C Dating of ∼2500-Yr-Old Choukai Jindai Cedar Tree Rings from Japan Using Highly Accurate LSC Measurement

Radiocarbon ages of 8 decadal tree rings and 66 single-yr tree rings have been measured with a highly accurate liquid scintillation counting (LSC) system (0.2% error) after synthesizing 10.5 g of benzene for each α-cellulose sample produced from tree rings of Choukai Jindai cedar in Japan (39°N). The 14C ages were between 2449 and 2539 14C yr BP for the 21 samples. From the wiggle-matching of the data set using the IntCal04 (Reimer et al. 2004) calibration data in OxCal v 3.10 (Bronk Ramsey 2005), the estimated age of the outer edge of the Choukai tree rings was 477.5 BC (±12.5 yr) with a confidence level of 95.5%; hence, the Choukai tree rings range from 2757 to 2437 cal BP. The age indicates an improved eruption date of the Choukai Volcano. The statistical errors at 1 σ are approximately ± 10 and ± 7 14C yr for the 5-yr data and the decadal data from the single-yr measurements, respectively. For the interval between 2580 and 2520 cal BP, it is statistically significant that the Choukai 14C ages are ∼16 14C yr older on average than both the IntCal04 and QL German oak (∼50°N) data sets. The ∼2.0% offset is informative for the study of regional offset in the Far East.