Comparative Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Five Different Market Samples of Piper Longum Linn.

The Healer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Tejal Gopani ◽  
Bapna Vidhi ◽  
Mariyan Patel
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Root Sample ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Ancient Literature ◽  
Important Drug

Pippalimoola (root of Piper longum.linn) is one of  most important drug in Ayurveda used as single drug and in combination with other herbs ,minerals or metallic preparations for poly herbo-mineral formulations.. In Ancient literature we found that in the name of ‘Moola’(means firmly fixed a root) we must practice root but now a days instead of Pippali moola most of market samples are substituted with stem of same plant, so it is essential to check the botanical source of market samples.In this study,different five market samples of Pippalimoola were procured all over India and one sample (control) was collected after authentication of botanical source of plant.Pharmacognostical study was undertaken to observe  morphological characters  of market samples and compared with the collected sample. It was observed that out of five market samples; macroscopic and microscopic characters of one sample was matched with the characters of control root sample. While other four samples were found to be stem of the plant. Hence there is lots of variation in raw material of the plant in Indian market.

Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium s.l. wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušiene ◽  
Odeta Gudaityte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Node Number

Millefolii herba is one of the oldest and most important drugs in Lithuania, used both in folk and official medicine. The raw material is usually gathered from spontaneous populations. It would be reasonable to develop methods to identify the populations which produce high plant biomass and accumulate high levels of proazulenes. The quantitative variation of proazulenes and their relationships with phytosociological dependence and morphological characters of Achillea millefolium from wild populations has been examined. The vegetation records were made at 140 growing sites of A. millefolium. The species was found in 29 types of community representing different growing habitats. The resources of milfoils prevailed in dry grasslands of Arrhenatheretalia communities and ruderal habitats of Dauco-Meliliotion. The data on productivity and morphological characters were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that higher productivity of A. millefolium populations was associated with their dependence on ruderal and segetal communities. The testing of A. millefolium plants revealed high variation for proazulenes in different communities. The proazulene-containing plants have been identified in 38% of all analysed cases. In the highest segetal and wasteland communities of Agropyretalia repentis, Sisybietalia, Digitario-Setarion, Aperion spicae-venti, Senecion fluviatilis only proazulene-free plants were found. Results of the ANOVA showed the proazulene-containing and proazulene-free plants significantly differed (P<0.05) for width of leaves and number of nodes. The presence of nodes in high number and narrow leaves in high proazulene-containing plants distinctly marked them from the proazulene-free plants. The study raised the possibility that selection based on the two morphological marker traits (node number and leaf width) and proazulene distribution in the populations would be effective for rapid identification of highly productive population(s) of pharmaceutical importance.

scholarly journals PHARMACOPOEIAL AND HPTLC FINGERPRINT STUDIES OF DARCHINI – ANIMMUNITY BOOSTER UNANI SINGLE DRUG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Meena R.P. ◽  
◽  
Khan Asim Ali ◽  
Subhani S ◽  
Mustehasan a ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Physico Chemical

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening the worldwide population by causing symptoms like fever, cough, shortness of breathand tirednessetc.A huge population of world is suffering from this disease and no specific vaccine for this pandemic disease has been developed. According to the guidelines of Ministry of AYUSH, this disease can be prevented by taking immunity boosters, as immune system plays a vital role in defence against any disease. In Unani system of medicines, many drugs of plant origin are mentioned in classical literature for strengthening and increasing the immunity of humans. Darchini is one of the potent immune boosters and it is believed that consumption of Darchini decoction with honey strengthens the immune system.The Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India in its Advisory has considered Darchini as one of the important ingredient of AYUSH Joshanda/ Kwath/ Kudineer.Since, the drug Darchini is being given to COVID-19 patients as prophylaxis regime, it has become necessary to authenticate and develop its pharmacopoeial standards so that quality raw material can be provided to needy mass. The present study is aimed to develop identity, purity and strength of drug using pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and quality control methods.

An Empirical Investigation on Iron-Ore Price volatility with special reference to Dindigul Lock makers

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gurusamy ◽  
P. Hemavathy ◽  
V. Leelavathy
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Volatility Model ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
The Cost

Iron-ore is the staple raw material required for manufacturing locks. Iron ore price contributes to the cost of raw material for Dindigul lock makers. High volatility has been widely observed in the prices of Indian iron ore market. Irrefutably, the Lock maker's optimism has been battered by volatility and thus critically has an effect on their economic growth. This study develops and examines the conditional volatility model in an attempt to confine the prominent features of volatility in iron ore prices prevailing in Indian market confining to the benefit of Dindigul Lock makers. Results of the study exhibit that the high volatility of iron ore price is expected when the negative shocks are present. The Centre and State government are accountable in steering rural development through adequate disbursement of credit in the form of incentives to the lock makers to buy raw materials at an affordable cost.

scholarly journals Keragaman Beberapa Aksesi Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Adi Setiadi ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Dan Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. or black turmeric belongs to the family Zingiberaceae is one of the important medicinal plant that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including in Indonesia. This plant has been used by the people especially as raw material for medicine and cosmetics industries. However, the development of black turmeric is still constrained by the availability of germplasm collection and improved varieties. The objective of this study was to determine the vegetative morphological characters and phylogenetic relationship among 10 accessions of black turmeric and 3 accessions of genus Curcuma in Indonesia. Data was collected for 15 morphological quantitative characters of black turmeric at the Experimental Garden at Sukamantri IPB based on UPOV and PPVFRA descriptors. The result of principal component analysis has determined three principal components with the proportion of diversity 73.94%. Cluster analysis three clusters accession of black turmeric, namely cluster 1 consisted of accession Cianjur, Malang, Rimbo, and Kendal; cluster 2 consisted of accession Bogor, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), Liwa, Natar, white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe.); cluster 3 consisted of accession Cirebon, Kuningan 1, and Kuningan 2. Keywords: cluster, component analysis, germplasm, medicinal plant, phylogenetic

scholarly journals An Appraisal of Vatsanābha (Aconitum Ferox Wall.) with Special Reference to Classical Texts Of Ayurveda: Saṁhitā, Cikitsā Grantha, Nighaṇṭus And Rasagrantha

The Healer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Mital Buha ◽  
Niral Sojeetra ◽  
Rabinarayan Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Cns Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Collective Information

Background: Vatsanābha, (Aconitum ferox Wall., Ranunculaceae), has been well documented in Ayurvedic texts such as Saṁhitā (treatise), Nighaṇṭu (lexicons), Rasagranthas (compendia related to alchemy) and Cikitsā granthas (compendia of Ayurveda). Methods: This paper provides a collective information regarding Vatsanābha, its morphological characters, properties and actions mentioned in Nighantu, Samhita and Rasagrantha. Result and discussion: The study reveals that Vatsanābha, a medicinal plant has about forty-one synonyms (paryaya); and highlightes its morphological characters and pharmacological properties. It is attributed with properties like Vyavāyī (CNS stimulation followed by depression), Balya (tonic), Rasāyana (Rejuvenation), Kaṇṭharukhara (reliever of throat pain), etc. As a single drug, Vatsanābha is indicated in about twenty-seven clinical conditions like Agnimāndhya (digestive impairment), Kāsa (cough), Madāvaha (alcoholism), Gulma (abdominal lump), etc. Vatsanābha is used for Śodhana (purification procedure), krāmaṇa (transformation of base metals into gold) and Vedhana (alchemy); 3 saṅskāra among the aṣṭasaṅskāra of pārada. Conclusion: This review may enrich to documentary research and may provide collective and detailed information regarding Vatsanābha as it is presented in ayurvedic classical texts.

scholarly journals VARIASI KARAKTER MORFOLOGIS LIMA JENIS SAGU (Metroxylon sp) DI PULAU SAPARUA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Lepinus Sahetapy ◽  
Ritha L Karuwal
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Quantitative Parameter ◽  
Leaf Character ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Generative Organs

Background: Sago (Metroxylon sp) is one of food commodities that contains many carbohydrates, so it serves as a staple food for some regions in Indonesia such as Maluku, Papua and Sulawesi. Sago can also be used as raw material for food industry such as bagea, sago pearl, pastry, wet cake, noodle, biscuit, cracker and vermicelli. Various uses of sago cause attention in terms of development and conservation. Saparua Island is one of the areas in the Maluku archipelago with sago potential that is wide enough. There are 5 types of sago in the area such as sago tuni, sagu molat, sago eataru, sagu ihur, and sago thorn rattan.Methods: This research took place in February-March 2014 by conducting exploration on location and samples selected by proposive sampling. For each quantitative parameter such as height, length, width, using a measuring instrument of ruler, roll meter while qualitative parameters such as shape, color can be observed visually.Results: Exploration was conducted on February-March 2014 with morphological character parameters on vegetative and generative organs of 70 characters. The results of the study showed a varied morphological appearance in each variety. Visually, variations of morphological characters in the vegetative organ seen in the trunk character are height, surface, circumference, color. Leaf character has variation in leaf sponge, leaf bone flexibility, midst of base of midrib, midrib, midrib, midrib, midlet, child length, upper surface. Morphological characters in generative organs appear to vary in flower, ie, the length and width of the stem, the diameter of the flower. Variations in fruits such as shape, amount, and color while on the seeds are the color and weight.Conclusion: There are variations of morphological characters in the five varieties of sago on Saparua Island in shape, size, and color, appearance of each organ either on stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.

scholarly journals Identification of Species-Diagnostic ISSR Markers for Six Eucalyptus Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Balasaravanan ◽  
P. Chezhian ◽  
R. Kamalakannan ◽  
R. Yasodha ◽  
M. Varghese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Identification Of Species

Abstract Eucalyptus is planted worldwide for raw material in paper and rayon industry. It is a potential out-crosser and the natural populations are highly heterogeneous displaying strong inbreeding depression. Eucalyptus hybrids have been intensively utilized for their vigor, higher wood quality and resistance to diseases. Identification of species for hybridization is predominantly based on morphological characters and is not always reliable. Hence, DNA marker based species identification and hybrid validation is an important and efficient tool in breeding programs. In the present study, attempts were made to identify species - diagnostic markers for six eucalypt species (E. camaldulensis Dehnh, E. citriodora Hook, E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, E. pellita F. Muell, E. tereticornis Sm and E. urophylla S.T. Blake) using ISSR-PCR fingerprints. PCR amplification using seven ISSR primers resulted in significant polymorphism among the population from different species. E. citriodora and E. tereticornis showed monomorphic frequency of maximum 37.5% and minimum 14.3% respectively. Twenty species-diagnostic markers were identified for E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. grandis and E. urophylla while no marker was detected for E. pellita and E. tereticornis. A maximum of eleven and a minimum of one species-diagnostic marker were recorded for E. citriodora and E. camaldulensis respectively. Among the twenty markers, nine were present in all the individuals of a particular species.

scholarly journals Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Piper longum Linn. Harvested in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2639-2646
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Van Chi Khang ◽  
Hoang Duy Ngo ◽  
Xuan Tien Le
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Nowadays, plants containing biological activities are increasingly interested for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In particular, Pepper longum Linn. was known as one of the popular types of pepper family in Vietnam with many different uses in food and medicine. In this study, Pepper longum fruits were studied for extraction to essential oil by hydrodistillation through two survey methods such as single factor investigation method and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis results by design expert software program version 11 shown that at the condition that the ratio of water to raw material 6:1 (mL/g), during 225 min extraction at 130 ºC, the essential oil yield was obtained 0.8%. The model predicts this result for F-value, P-values and Lack of Fit are mathematically significant and values for reliability R2 = 0.9963, C.V. % =1.99. Essential oil obtained was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, which accounted that β-caryophyllene contains the highest amount among the other 43 components present.

scholarly journals ORAL ANTIDIABETICS AGENTS AVAILABLE IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET: A PRICE VARIATION ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
KUNTAL S THACKER ◽  
VIMESH R MISTRY ◽  
NEETA J KANANI
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Oral Antidiabetics ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Sustain Release ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Drug Review

Objective: There are hundreds of brands in Indian markets for a single drug which is manufactured by various companies and thus leads to wide variation in prices for the same drug. Hence, we decide to evaluate the variation in price of different brands of the same drug available in Indian market. Methods: An analysis was done for comparing price variations among various drugs prescribed in diabetes mellitus. Indian Drug Review (IDR) (2019 Volume XXV Issue 4) and Current Index of Medical Specialties (CIMS) (July 2019–October 2019) were referred to know the maximum and minimum price in INR of drugs in all available strength and dosage forms being manufactured by different companies in India and percentage price variation was calculated. Results: Wide variation in the price of several brands of oral antidiabetics is found in Indian market. In single drug, highest price variation is found for glimepiride 1 mg tablet (1365.5%). In fixed-dose combinations (FDCs), highest price variation is found for glimepiride + metformin (2 mg + 500 mg) sustain release tablet (689.2%). Lowest price variation for FDCs was found for glimepiride + metformin (3 mg + 500 mg) tablet (4.8%). Furthermore, only few oral antidiabetic agents were included in the drug pricing control order 2013. Wide variation is seen in prices of brand and generic medicines. Conclusion: All the stakeholders should collectively make efforts to reduce price variation among the various brands so as to make them affordable and aim to improve the health status of the community.

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