scholarly journals CAUSES OF VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
O. A. Adebambo ◽  
A. O. Samuel ◽  
A. D. Onakade
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
West African Dwarf Goat

Analysis was carried out on the reproductive performance of 59 WAD (Foula djullon) goats over 8 year period 1982-1990) under intensive management. The data involving a total of 176 kiddings comprising 311 kids were analysed to provide some information on the reproductive potential and the distribution of the Sexes on the WAD goats for an appraisal of its utilization for future genetic and environmental studies and the improvement of the breed in Nigeria. The results showed no significant seasonal effect on the kidding pattern. Singles, twins and triplets were 33.44, 48,23 and 16,40% respectively. Kidding interval varied from 91 to 2.10 days, annual kidding rate was 1..68 with mean kid birth weight of 1.5 +0.138, 1.49 +0.65 and 1.31+0.095kg for single twins and multiple births respectively. The average sex ratio was 48.79+0.18. The least squares constants showed that the age of dam, kidding interval and Season of kidding have significant effect on the sex ratio with more males born by those after 3 years of age particularly during the dry season 't shorter kidding intervals or 191-220 days. Calculated frequency of sex combination of males to females was 0.4005, 0.4662 and 0.1333 trizygotic, dizygotic and monozygotic twins among the triplets - The frequency was 0.67 for monzygotic twinning among the twin births. Although preweaning mortalities of 12.26, 16.33 and 19.36% were recorded for single, twin and multiple births respectively, highly significant survival rate was recorded in the dry season (84.40+0.75) than in the wet season 81,18 +0.75 whilst the kidding interval was between 200 - 240 days in about 56% of the population studied. The current emphasis on the presence  of monozygotic twins with a frequency of 67% among twin birth and 13.3% among the triplets is to assist in utilizing this trait in the goat for studies that could enhance the modification of the environment or improve the genetic potentials of the breed.

The sex ratio of a gilt’s birth litter can affect her fitness as a breeding female

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Seyfang ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
A. J. Tilbrook ◽  
C. R. Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Animal Welfare Issue ◽  
Selection Of

Lifetime reproductive performance and behaviour are established in utero driven by genetics and the steroidal milieu of the uterine environment. Developing males synthesise androgens that can be absorbed by females in the litter. Consequently, the proportion of males in a litter has the potential to affect both lifetime reproductive performance and behaviour of female littermates. Although reproductive potential is understandably important for gilt selection, behaviour is becoming progressively more important as group housing of sows increases. Aggression can be a cause for removal from the breeding herd, and can also negatively affect reproductive performance and herd longevity. This review covers existing evidence of masculinisation in rodents and sheep, the mechanism causing masculinisation, and the knowledge gaps surrounding masculinisation in pigs. Premature culling of gilts is an economic and animal welfare issue in the pork industry resulting in low retention of gilts and reduced productivity. The selection of gilts needs to be improved to incorporate both lifetime reproductive potential and behaviour. We determined that there is cause to investigate the effect of the birth litter sex ratio of a gilt on her suitability for selection into the breeding herd.

Effect of hormonal growth promotant implants in weaner and hogget ewes on subsequent growth and reproductive performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
G. Bortolussi ◽  
A. R. Bird ◽  
C. L. Playford ◽  
J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North West ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety young Merino ewes, depastured on Mitchell (Astrebla spp.) grass pastures in North West Queensland, were used in a hormonal growth promotant implantation study. The ewes were given 1 implant of Compudose, Ralgro, Revalor or Synovex-H, either at lamb marking (mid-dry season) or the start of the following summer wet season, which was ~180 days post-marking. The hormonal growth promotant implanted groups had greater (P<0.05) liveweights than the control group early in the trial (days 22 and 57) and also from the end of the period of activity of the wet season implant (day 277) until the middle of the dry season (day 412). Dry season (at lamb marking) implantation did not improve average daily gain. From the end of the wet season onwards, ewes with a wet season implant were heavier (P<0.05) than those ewes implanted at lamb marking. This liveweight advantage had diminished by the start of the autumn mating. Hormonal growth promotant implantation had a favourable (P<0.05) effect on growth rate, but adversely affected reproduction in the ewes, regardless of time of implantation. Implantation with Compudose or Synovex-H significantly (P<0.001) reduced the demonstration of oestrus, while Revalor or Synovex-H reduced pregnancy rates by up to 100%. Despite Ralgro reducing these variables by up to 25%, its effect was not significant. All ewes that were diagnosed as pregnant at 140 days later produced lambs. It was concluded from this study that hormonal growth promotant implantation at lamb marking provides no later-life advantage, while wet season implantation provides a growth or liveweight advantage to young Merino ewes and this persists for a long period after implantation. Despite the lack of an effect of Ralgro on oestrus and pregnancy results, however, implantation of young breeding ewes of any age should not be carried out, due to the long term and negative effects on reproductive performance. Wet season implantation may be best used for animals intended for slaughter.

Influence of pasture type and supplement on fertility and liveweight of cows, and progeny growth rate in the dry tropics of northern Queensland

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Holroyd ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
MR Clarke ◽  
ID Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
One Year

The reproductive performance of cows and growth rate of their calves to weaning was examined over a four-year period (1973-1977). Cows grazed either native pasture stocked at 1cowl4 ha, or native pasture oversown with Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) and fertilized with superphosphate stocked at 1 cow/2 ha. Animals were supplemented on each pasture type with urea-molasses in the dry season, phosphorus all year round plus urea-molasses in the dry season, or were unsupplemented. Mating was for three months from mid-January. Calving began towards the end of the dry season and cows lactated through the following wet season. Cows grazing fertilized legume pasture had significantly higher conception rates and earlier calving dates in one year only. In all years, foetal and calf losses between pregnancy diagnosis and weaning were lower on native pasture than on fertilized legume pasture. Cows grazing fertilized legume pasture were generally in better body condition and heavier throughout and their calves grew faster to weaning than on native pasture. Fertilized legume pasture produced a 2.4 fold increase over that of native pasture in cow and calf liveweight per unit area (382.7 kg/ha vs 159.8 kg/ha) over the four years. Supplementation did not influence liveweight or reproductive performance of cows or calf growth rate except during the final dry season when non-supplemented cows lost significantly more weight than those supplemented with phosphorus and urea.

Effect of pasture type and supplementary feeding on the reproductive performance of cattle in the dry tropics of north Queensland

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Holroyd ◽  
PJ Allan ◽  
PK O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Townsville Stylo

A study was made over a four year period ( 1970-1 973) on the reproductive performance of cows grazing either native pasture stocked at 1 breeder 4.9 ha-1 or native pasture oversown with Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) and fertilized with superphosphate, stocked at 1 breeder 2.4 ha-1. Animals were supplemented on each pasture type with combinations of molasses, urea and phosphorus at various times of the year. Mating from September 1 to January 31 resulted in animals lactating during the dry season. At double the stocking rate, lactating cows on fertilized pastures had similar conception rates to those on native pasture. During a prolonged dry season, lactating cows on fertilized pasture had twice the conception rate and fewer required survival feeding. Urea compared with non-urea based supplements produced significant increases in conception rates of cows grazing native pasture especially during a dry year. Calves were born earlier, had shorter intercalving intervals and fewer cows had to be fed a survival ration when urea was available. On fertilized pasture, urea based supplements caused only a marginal increase in conception rate except in a dry year, when there was a significant increase. Over the four years, there was a diminishing response in the conception rate of lactating cows grazing native pasture and supplemented with phosphorus during the wet season compared with the control. On fertilized pasture, there was a variable but non-significant response. The addition of phosphorus either as a wet or dry season supplement to urea caused variable responses on each pasture type, but none differed significantly from that of urea.

scholarly journals Reproductive performance and superovulatory endangered Cameroonian Namshi breed (Bos taurus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
L. D. Massoma ◽  
N. M. Ngo ◽  
J. Tchoumboue ◽  
O. Messono
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Calving Rate

This study was undertaken to determine the reproductive performance of the endangered Bos-taurus Namshi breed of Cameroon. Ovarian response to superovulatory treatment was also evaluated. The following observations were recorded. The average calf mortality rate was 25.71% while the average birth weight was 12.22±0.82kg. The percentage of animals in oestrus during the wet and dry season was respectively 60% and 33.4%. The oestrus cycle length and the oestrus duration were respectively 20.80±1.20d and 7.00±0.80h: corresponding dry season figures for those parameters were 19.00±0.94d and 6.00±0.7h respectively. In the dry season the manifestation of oestrus was 80º during the day and 20º at night while in the wet season it was 55.55% and 44.5% respectively. Postpartum oestrus was at 18 months. The ovarian response to superovulatory treatment was about 6.40±2.50 ovulations per cow. Results indicate that the scarcity of Bos-taurus Namshi breed in Camerron could be attributed to high calf mortality rate, low calving rate and long postpartum periods. Embryo transfer could be a way to rapidly multiply this breed.  

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING LIVEWEIGHT OF GOAT AND SHEEP IN TWO LOCATION WITHIN OGUN STATE.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
C. O. N. IKEOBI ◽  
O. A. FALETI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
West African ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
West African Dwarf Goat ◽  
The Mean

A study was conducted over two years  With the to determine the changes in the liveweight of Yankasa sheep and Maradi goat in goats and sheep in two locations in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria Factors found to be important included breed of goat, season, location, and sex of the animal. The Maradi goat had a greater variation in its liveweight than the West African' dwarf goat. The mean weekly gain in the liveweight of goats was 0.18±02 dry season and 0.26±0.05 kg in the wet season. Liveweight changes were greater in yearling Yankasa sheep reared in this part of the Southwestern Nigeria than in older ones; these differences were significantly greater in the dry than in the wet season.

scholarly journals Annual Pattern on Abundance and Sex Ratio Distribution of Selected Fish Fauna of Ikere Gorge Reservoir, Oyo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Festus Idowu Adeosun
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catch Composition

Sex ratio affects the growth of wild population, thus, with the declining wild fish population, the study was designed to determine the effect of seasons on the sex ratio of fish population from Ikere Gorge, Nigeria for 18 months. Fish composition, diversity, distribution and abundance were determined according to standard methods. Sexes were determined and sex ratio was calculated using a standard method. A total of 5,823 fish specimens were caught during the period. The captured fish species were identified and classified into 34 species belonging to 13 families. The species richness was higher in the dry months than in the wet months. Fish diversity indices and evenness revealed a better diverse and even ecosystem in the wet season than the dry season. A marked significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between the species in the dry months than the wet season. Chrysichthyes nigrodigitatus (35.07±7.59a) was significantly (p < 0.05) more abundant than the other species in the dry season. The sex ratio was skewed in favour of the female populations for C. nigrodigitatus, Tilapia melanopleura and Sarotherodon galilaeus but the reverse was the case for L. niloticus population. No monthly variation was observed in sex ratio of the species. The fish fauna from Ikere Gorge showed marked variations in the catch composition between the dry and wet months. C. nigrodigitatus and the Cichlids (Hemichromis fasciatus, S. galilaeus, Tilapia macrocephla and T. melanopleura) were present all year.

scholarly journals Feral pig exclusion fencing provides limited fish conservation value on tropical floodplains

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Waltham ◽  
J. Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Tropical Wetlands ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Reduced Water

AbstractEfforts to protect and restore tropical wetlands impacted by feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in northern Australia have more recently included exclusion fences, an abatement response proposing fences improve wetland condition by protecting habitat for fish production and water quality. Here we tested: 1) whether the fish assemblage are similar in wetlands with and without fences; and 2) whether specific environmental processes influence fish composition differently between fenced and unfenced wetlands. Twenty-one floodplain and riverine wetlands in the Archer River catchment (Queensland) were surveyed during post-wet (June-August) and late-dry season (November-December) in 2016, 2017 and 2018, using a fyke soaked overnight (~14-15hrs). A total of 6,353 fish representing twenty-six species from 15 families were captured. There were no multivariate differences in fish assemblages between seasons, years and for fenced and unfenced wetlands (PERMANOVA, Pseduo-F <0.58, P<0.68). Late-dry season fish were considerably smaller compared to post-wet season: a strategy presumably to maximise rapid disposal following rain. At each wetland a calibrated Hydrolab was deployed (between 2-4 days, with 20min logging) in the epilimnion (0.2m), and revealed distinct diel water quality cycling of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH (conductivity represented freshwater wetlands) which was more obvious in the late-dry season survey, because of extreme summer conditions. Water quality varied among wetlands, in terms of the daily amplitude, and extent of daily photosynthesis recovery, which highlights the need to consider local site conditions rather than applying general assumptions around water quality conditions for these types of wetlands examined here. Though many fish access (fenced and unfenced) wetlands during wet season connection, the seasonal effect of reduced water level conditions seems to be more over-improvised compared to whether fences are installed or not, as all wetlands supported few, juvenile, or no fish species because they had dried completed regardless of whether fences were present or not.

scholarly journals Ground survey of red lechwe in the Linyanti swamps and Chobe floodplains, northern Botswana

Koedoe ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phemelo Gadimang ◽  
Gaseitsiwe S. Masunga
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Seasonal Shift ◽  
Ground Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tourism Potential

A ground survey of red lechwe was carried out in the Linyanti swamps and the Chobe floodplains of northern Botswana in the dry and wet seasons of 2012 and 2013, respectively. We documented numbers, sex ratio and age structure of red lechwe within the linear strips of 25 km × 300 m along the Linyanti swamps and the Chobe floodplains. Results indicated a significant difference in the numbers of red lechwe between sites and seasons. About 66 and 755 red lechwe were estimated for Chobe in the dry and wet season, respectively, with 343 and 261 of them estimated for Linyanti in the dry and wet season, respectively. In Chobe, the red lechwe densities varied widely between seasons (9 red lechwe/km2 – 101 red lechwe/km2 ) compared with Linyanti, where the densities did not vary much between seasons (35 red lechwe/km2 – 46 red lechwe/km2 ). The lower densities of red lechwe in Chobe in the dry season when compared with the wet season suggest a possible seasonal shift in the distribution of red lechwe to the nearby Zambezi floodplains in Namibia.Conservation implications: The higher number of red lechwe in the Chobe floodplains in the wet season indicates the potential of the floodplains as a habitat for this species in that season. The dry season shift in the distribution of red lechwe in Chobe presents an opportunity for local communities in Namibia to engage in tourism, whereas the return of the red lechwe to the floodplains in the wet season ensures protection of the animals as well as boosts the tourism potential of the Chobe National Park.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in egg production and mortality of Muscovy ducks (Cairina Moschata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
A.O. Oguntunji ◽  
O.A. Oladejo ◽  
K.L. Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Seasonal variation is one of the principal non-genetic factors influencing performance of poultry in tropical environment. This study was conducted to investigate influence of seasonal variation on egg production and incidence of mortality in intensively-reared non-descript Muscovy ducks in Nigeria. Egg production and incidence of mortality in sixty two (62) female Muscovy ducks was studied in a 12-month trial divided into two major seasons: wet (April - September) and dry (October - March) and four sub-seasons: early rainy season (April - June), late rainy season (July - September), early dry season (October - December) and late dry season (January - March). Student?s t-test and Completely Randomized Design was used to analyse seasonal and sub-seasonal effect on performance, respectively. Season and sub-season significantly (P < 0.05) affected egg production; higher egg production was recorded in wet season compared with dry season (16.18% vs. 1.32%). Among sub-seasons, highest egg production was recorded in late rainy season (20.92%) while the least (0.00%) was obtained in late dry season. Conversely, there was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of season and sub-season on mortality. It is evident that seasonal variation had no effect on incidence of mortality but significantly affected egg production of Muscovy duck and the adverse effect is more pronounced in dry season most especially in late dry season.

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