scholarly journals BIOECONOMICS OF FEEDING RAW OR HEAT TREATED SOYABEANS TO BROILERS4

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
S. N. Ukachukuwu ◽  
F. O. I. Anugwa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Food Consumed

The bioeconomics of feeding full-fat raw (RSB), toasted (TSB), cooked (CSB) soyabeans or defatted soyabean meal (SMB) to broiler chicks at starter and finisher phases was investigated using 240 Anak strain broiler chicks. At starter phase RSB diet significantly (P < 0.05) depressed average daily intake (ADI) only when compared with SMB diet. It also significantly (P <0.01) depressed daily weight gain (DWG): with values of RSB (20.1 gin), TSB (241 gm), CSB (24.0gm) and SMB (253 gm) as well as feed conversion ratio of RSB (3.03) TSB (2.63), CSB (2.49) and SMB (2.58). At finisher phase, the effects were not significant (P> .0.05) suggesting adaptation of the chick to RSB with time. SMB diet was almost twice as costly to produce as the other three diets. Cost of feed per unit of weight gained was highest (P < 0.05) with SMB diet followed by RSB diet while CSB and TSB diets were similar at starter phase. At finisher phase SMB diet still had significantly (P < 0.01) higher cost per kg weight gain than the RSB, TSB and CSB diets whose values were statistically the same. On gross margin, the use of SMB diet significantly (P < 0.01) resulted in the lowest values, followed by the RS B diet while the values of CSB and TSB diets remained similar and the highest at both phases. This underlines the importance of using cost of food consumed to obtain a unit of product as a basis for recommending feeds to farmers (alongside other nutritional factors).

Effect of processing methods on the nutritional value of Mucuna cochinchinensis to broiler chicks

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Ukachukwu ◽  
F. C. Obioha
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Crude Fibre

The performance and nutrient retention of broilers fed raw (RMD), toasted (TMD), boiled (BMD), soaked and boiled (SMD) or no (NMD) Mucuna cochinchinensis seed diets at both starter and finisher phases were assessed using 400 broiler chicks. The birds were fed a common proprietary feed (Top Feed) until 2 weeks of age, followed by a treatment diet for 3 weeks of the starter period, then 5 weeks on the finisher diet. At the starter phase, RMD significantly (P < 0.05) decreased liveweight, daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and encouraged poorer feed conversion ratio and higher cost per kilogram weight gain when compared with other diets. TMD decreased (P < 0.05) only the protein efficiency ratio. RMD also decreased (P < 0.05) retention of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and energy while TMD decreased (P < 0.05) retention of only DM, CP, and energy. At the finisher phase, RMD also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio and increased cost per kg weight gain, while TMD decreased (P < 0.05) only the protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio. RMD again decreased (P < 0.05) retention of DM, CP, CF and energy, while TMD, as in the starter phase, again decreased (P < 0.05) retention of DM, CP and energy. On a cumulative basis, RMD adversely affected (P < 0.05) all the parameters under investigation. TMD affected (P < 0.05) only the feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and cost per kg weight gain. Boiling Mucuna cochinchinensis, therefore, encourages significantly better performance of chicks, higher nutrient retention and lower cost per kg weight gain than toasting, whereas soaking before boiling does not add any advantage to boiling alone.

Haematology and growth performance characteristics of broiler birds fed abattoir wastes (bovine blood and rumen content)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. A. Ekine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight

This study was conducted to assess the effects of abattoir wastes (bovine blood and rumen content mixture) on the haematology and growth performance characteristics of broiler birds. One hundred and twenty (120) unsexed day old Abor acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments and replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Four experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of broilers such that the birds were fed sundried abattoir waste (bovine blood and rumen content mixture) included at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% representing Diet 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, with Diet 1 as the control. Each dietary treatment consists of 30 birds with 10 birds per replicate. The experimental diets and clean water were supplied at- libitum throughout the experimental period. Data were collected on feed intake, daily weight gain, final body weight, weight gain. Feed conversion ratios were calculated. Blood samples for hematology was collected, analyzed and recorded. At the end of the 56 days feeding trials, data collected on different parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that mixtures of bovine blood and rumen content significantly (P<0.05) improved the final weight (1767.02g -1931.44g), weight gain (1367.02g -1528.44g), feed intake (107.47g -118.99g) and feed conversion ratio (4.87 – 4.08) of the broilers. Significant (P<0.05) improvements were observed on the RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, eosinophyls and the lymphocytes of the haematological parameters of the broilers. These results showed the complementary potentials of bovine blood and rumen content mixture in broiler diets, which can be included up to 15% in the ration of broilers without detrimentally affecting the growth performance and haematology of the broilers.

scholarly journals Phosphorus on performance, hematological, biochemical, and bone parameters of growing pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Euclydes Drews ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
João Luís Kill ◽  
Lucas Lemke Lorenzoni ◽  
Rafael Bozini Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of available phosphorus (AP) in the diet of growing pigs selected for lean deposition on the hematological, biochemical, and bone performance parameters. A total of 64 commercial hybrid pigs (32 castrated males and 32 females; mean initial weight: 23.31±2.4kg; age: 55-90 days) were used. Animals were distributed into a randomized block design with four treatments, eight replicates, and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet and another three diets, which were obtained by supplementing the basal diet with dicalcium phosphate replacing the inert phosphate, resulting in four diets with 0.100, 0.180, 0.260, and 0.340% of available phosphorus. The levels of available phosphorus quadratically influenced the daily weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion, which increased up to the estimated levels 0.331; 0.330, and 0.302% of available phosphorus. Levels of phosphorus showed no influence on the hematological parameters, which remained within the reference values. Levels of available phosphorus increased linearly the ash and phosphorus contents in the metacarpal bone and decreased linearly the alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of available phosphorus (0.331 and 0.302%, corresponding to a daily intake of 5.73 and 5.18g d-1) provided respectively the best results for weight gain and feed conversion in pigs with high genetic potential, without change in hematological parameters.

scholarly journals Heat treated feeds in turkey feeding

2007 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
István Erdélyi ◽  
Péter Bársony ◽  
Tamás Pálfy ◽  
Istvánné Hermán ◽  
Tamás Pálfy
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
The Given

The main aim of our study was to determine the effect of expanded and pelleted feeds, as well as the only pelleted feed based on wheat and corn, on the production of turkeys. In May 2006,, a fattening experiment on turkeys was started on the starter farm of Habar Ltd in Szarvas, owned by the Gallicoop Corporation. 17 day old male turkeys were involved in the fattening experiment. The experiment lasted 117 days. At that time, theanimals were 134 days old. After the experiment was completed, they were slaughtered. The following parameters were examined: growth, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits. Turkey feed were produced separately at different times. Similarly to the standard method of turkey fattening, 8 phases feeding was carried out. The fattening experiment was adjusted on male turkeys in 4×12×6 grouping (4 treatments: expanded and pelleted, and only pelleted corn and wheat feed; 12 repeats: number of pens/treatments; 6 birds/pen) 6-6 turkeys from 12 pens per each treatments were measured individually from the 17th day (starter) and at the time of each following feeding changes and mortality. The average of the group was calculated. The average daily weight gain, proportion of the given feed per pen, feeding changes and mortality were determined. The average daily feed intake and the feed conversion ratio were calculated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of graded levels of raw and cooked turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) on performance of starter broiler chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
D. C. Obionwu ◽  
B. O. Esonu ◽  
E. B. Etuk ◽  
A. S. Adebanjo ◽  
B. O. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of raw and cooked turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) on the performance of starter broiler chicks in a complete randomised design. Turmeric rhizome was washed with water and divided into two batches of 20kg each. The first batch was crushed, then sundried for 3 days. The second batch was cooked for an hour, crushed with a roller and sundried for 3 days. Both the raw and cooked sundried turmeric rhizomes were then ground using a hammer mill to produce raw and cooked turmeric rhizome meal and were bagged respectively. Seven (7) broiler starter diets were formulated to contain raw or cooked turmeric rhizome meal at 0% (control diet), 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% levels, respectively. The diets were offered ad libitum to 189 Cobb broilers which were randomly divided into 7 dietary treatment groups, each containing 3 replicates of 9 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted for 21days. All the routine management practices were duly observed. Daily weight gain, daily feed intake, mortality and feed conversion ratio were used as criteria of response. The results indicated that addition of turmeric rhizome meal had no significant (p>0.05) effect on daily weight gain, daily feed intake, mortality and feed conversion ratio as compared with the control. It was evident that the different processing methods and the dietary levels used had no effect on broiler performance based on the results obtained in this study and within the circumstances of the experiments. It can be concluded that sun-dried raw and cooked turmeric rhizome meal at the dietary levels used did not significantly affect broiler starter performance.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and nutritional value of boiled Christmas bush fruit (Alchornea cordifolia) meal fed to starter broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
E. U. Ahiwe ◽  
O. O. Emenalom ◽  
E. B. Etuk ◽  
N. U. Okehie ◽  
C. T. Iwuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
The Cost

A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and the nutritive value of boiled Christmas bush (Alchornea cordifolia) for starter broiler chickens. Dried Christmas bush fruits (Capsules + seed) were boiled for 30 minutes, sundried and ground into meal. The meal was analyzed for proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors and incorporated into broiler starter diet at 0%, 15%, 20% and 25% respectively. A total of 120 day old Marshall Strain broiler chicks were divided into 12 pens each containing 10 birds. Three pens were randomly assigned to each experimental diet. The boiled dried and ground Christmas bush (Alchornea cordifolia) fruit contained 19.9% crude protein and 4.7 mg/100 phytic acids which is an improvement when compared with raw Christmas bush fruits. Increase in inclusion level of boiled Christmas bush fruit in the diet caused a progressive reduction (p < 0.05) in final weight gain and feed intake of the birds. Birds on 15 and 20% BCBF had similar (p>0.05) feed conversion ration ratio with birds on control diet. The cost of feed per Kg weight gain and mortality were not significantly (p>0.05) different for all the treatments. Apart from Haemoglobin and serum phosphate, all other serum biochemical indices checked were not statistically (p>0.05) different among the treatment groups. It was concluded that boiling of Christmas bush fruits decreased the anti-nutritional factors and improved the nutritive value of the fruit but could not improve the performance of broiler starter chickens.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Raw and Fermented Alchornea cordifolia seed meals on the performance of Broiler Chicks.

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
O. O. Emenalom ◽  
E. B. Etuk ◽  
B. O. Esonu ◽  
L. C. Nwaiwu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Phytochemical and feeding values of raw and fermented Alchornea cordifolia seed meals were investigated. Raw and fermented seed meals were screened for some phytochemical compounds and also tested on the performance of starter broilers. The meals were included in broiler starter diets at 10% raw and, 10 and 20% fermented, respectively. The diets were fed from 0-28 days of age. Raw Alchornea seed meal contains phytic acids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavnoids, alkaloids and anthraquinone. Fermenting the seed meal caused 56.2% reduction in the phytic acid content and totally eliminated its anthraquinone content. With 10% raw Alchornea seed meal, broilers grew significantly slower, gained 60.1% of control but feed intake was not statistically different. Inclusion of 10% fermented meal resulted in better weight gain, and feed conversion ratio than the raw seed meal and by 28-days, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not statistically different from the control. At 20% dietary level, fermented Alchornea seed meal, promoted much better growth and efficiency than raw but the values were less (p<0.05) than control. It is concluded therefore that fermentation partially destroyed the anti-nutritional factors present in Alchornea seeds; thus allowing successful use of 10% fermented seed meal in starter broiler rations. Higher level of the fermented seed meal reduced performance although the result was much better than in the raw seed meal.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed graded levels of dry distilled cassava with soluble

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
O. J. Oyedele ◽  
A. O. Olosunde ◽  
T. A. Otunla ◽  
F. H. A. Ajibogun
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Consommation Alimentaire ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was carried out to investigate the performance of broilers fed graded levels of Dry Distilled Cassava with Soluble (DDCS). In a 28-day trial, one hundred and forty-four (144), 5-week old, un-sexed Arbor acre strain broiler chicks (average weight of 1.09±0.02 kg) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments of wheat offal (WO) and DDCS (12% WO + 0% DDCS = 0% DDCS; 8% WO + 4% DDCS = 4% DDCS; 4% WO + 8% DDCS = 8% DDCS and 0% WO + 12% DDCS = 12% DDCS) in completely randomized design. Each treatment had 2 replicates of 18 birds each. Dry matter feed intake (FI g/day), daily weight gain (g/day) and total weight gain (kg) decreases with increase in the levels of DDCS, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) increases with increase in levels of DDCS, respectively. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) differences in the carcass evaluation measured. It was concluded that DDCS could replace wheat offal in the diets of broilers up to 8% without significant difference in growth and feed intake without detrimental effects on carcass quality of the birds.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour étudier la performance des poulets de chair nourris à des niveaux échelonnés de manioc distillé sec avec soluble (le 'DDCS'). Dans un essai de 28 jours, cent quarante-quatre (144) poussins de chair de la souche Arbor acre non sexés de 5 semaines (poids moyen de 1.09 ± 0.02 kg) ont été répartis au hasard dans quatre traitements diététiques d'abats de blé (WO) et DDCS (12% WO + 0% DDCS = 0% DDCS ; 8% WO + 4% DDCS = 4% DDCS ; 4% WO + 8% DDCS = 8% DDCS et 0% WO + 12% DDCS = 12 % DDCS) dans une conception complètement aléatoire. Chaque traitement comportait 2 répétitions de 18 oiseaux chacun. L'apport alimentaire en matière sèche (FI g / jour), le gain de poids quotidien (g / jour) et le gain de poids total (kg) diminuent avec l'augmentation des niveaux de DDCS, tandis que le taux de conversion alimentaire (FCR) augmente avec l'augmentation des niveaux de DDCS, respectivement. Cependant, il n'y avait aucune différence significative (P> 0.05) dans l'évaluation de la carcasse mesurée. Il a été conclu que le DDCS pouvait remplacer les abats de blé dans l'alimentation des poulets de chair jusqu'à 8% sans différence significative de croissance et de consommation alimentaire sans effets néfastes sur la qualité de la carcasse des oiseaux.

scholarly journals Available phosphorus levels in diets for 30 to 60 kg female pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining calcium and available phosphorus ratio

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysson Saraiva ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira ◽  
Márvio Lobão Teixeira de Abreu ◽  
Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Hybrid Female ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

With the objective to evaluate levels of available phosphorus (aP) in diets for pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining the calcium and available phosphorus ratio, it was used 50 commercial hybrid female pigs with initial weight of 30.32 ± 0.29 kg, distributed in a complete randomized experimental design, with five treatments, five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and four diets obtained by supplementation of basal diet with dicalcium phosphate, resulting in diets with 0.144; 0.224; 0.304; 0.384 and 0.464% of aP. Calcium levels were adjusted by varying the quantities of limestone in the diets. There was no effect of aP on both daily feed intake and feed conversion. Levels of aP affected daily weight gain which increased quadratically up to the estimated level of 0.372%. There was no effect of aP on quantity of phosphorus in the bones. The quantity of calcium in the bones and percentage of ash in the bones were influenced in an increasing linear way by the aP in the rations. The best result of weight gain of swine females, from 30 to 60 kg, genetically selected for meat deposition, is provided by the level of available phosphorus of 0.372%, which corresponds to a relationship with calcium of 2.06:1 and to a daily intake of 8.20 g of available phosphorus.

scholarly journals The effect of forage to concentrate ratios on the performance of weaner rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
A. H. Akinmutimi ◽  
S. F. Abasiekong, ◽  
U. S. Ekwu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The effect of forage to concentrate ratios on the performance of weaner rabbits was investigated using twenty (20) weaner rabbits. They were randomly assigned to five treatment diets/with two replicates of two (2) rabbits per pen in a completely randomized design CRD). The experiment lasted for 56 days. Ti = forage 80%: concentrate 20%, T2 = forage 60%. concentrate 40%, T3 = forage 40%: concentrate 60%, T4 = forage 20%: concentrate 80% and T5 = forage 50%: concentrate 50% served as the control. Data were collected for feed intake, weight gain, carcass quality and the economics of the diet. The growth performance result was significantly different (p<0.05) for all the parameters considered except for total feed intake. Treatment 3 (T3) had the highest value for final weight (1423.0 g), total weight gain (925.5g) and daily weight gain (16.52 g), with the least feed conversion ratio of (2.58) among others. The cut parts results showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) for all the parameters considered. 73 also had the highest value for the prime parts. The organ weights results did not follow any specific pattern that could be attributed to the effect of the test ingredients. The economics /gross margin showed that T3 was favoured among others A 731.38, N929.18, N1045.78, N828.81, N825.39),T3 (forage40%: concentrate 60%) was therefore recommended.  

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