scholarly journals Fenbendazole efficacy in lambs: a comparison of oral dosing and feed block additive modes of administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
E. A. Okewole ◽  
S. S. Abiola ◽  
A. A. Aderinto ◽  
A. O. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
West African ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Old West ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Equal Efficacy

Twenty-four, 3-month old West African Dwarf (WAD) Lambs were divided into 3 groups of 8 each. Each group was given free access to a common pasture by day, but housed separately in concrete floored and netted pens provided with varied but equal supplements by night. Two of the groups were treated with 2.5% Fenbendazole suspension at a dose rate of 10mg/kg body weight administered orally once a month for 3 consecutive months for one group, dissolved in molasses mixed with Brewer's grains in 5 divided daily doses per month for 3 consecutive months for the second group, while the third 3 group was left us untreated control. The mean haematocrit values, mean percentage egg reduction and mean liveweight gains were higher at the end of the trial for the single monthly dosed group than for the untreated control group, while the same measurements were insignificantly different (P>0.05) for the two treated groups. Significant appreciation in the mean hematocrit values, mean percentage egg reduction and mean liveweight gains were proofs of the effectiveness of treatment and molasses supplementation, while the insignificance of the difference of the same measurements in the two treated groups implied equal efficacy of the two different schedules of administration. The in-feed scheme was easier and convenient for use on weak and pregnant eves that could abort on rough handling

The efficacy of collars impregnated with flumethrin and propoxur against experimental infestations of adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
D. Stanneck ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tick Counts

The efficacy of 2 sets of collars (Kiltix(R) Collar, Bayer AG), containing different plasticisers and impregnated with the acaricides flumethrin (2.25 %) and propoxur (10 %), was compared against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on experimentally infested, kennelled dogs. Thirty individually penned dogs were infested with 25 male and 25 female, unfed R. sanguineus. On the following day they were allocated to 3 groups of 10 dogs each on the magnitude of their tick burdens. Two days after infestation, medicated collars containing 1 of the plasticisers were fitted to 10 of the dogs and similar collars containing the other plasticiser were fitted to 10 others. The remaining 10 dogs were the untreated controls. Seven and 28 days after having fitted the collars, all dogs were re-infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of both sexes, and again at approximately 28-day intervals up to the 5th month, and then at approximately 14-day intervals during the 6th month. Efficacy was determined by comparing the mean number of live, attached ticks on the untreated control group with those on the collared dogs 2 days after each re-infestation. Immediate efficacy of the collars (Day +2) was > 95 %, and residual efficacy was > 98% up to and including Day +114, and > 93 % up to Day +170 on both groups of collared dogs. The mean tick counts on the 2 groups of collared dogs did not differ significantly (P < 0.0001) for any of the assessment days.

scholarly journals A controlled study on efficacy and egg reappearance period of Ivermectin in donkeys naturally infected with small strongyles

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
R. A. Papini ◽  
C. Orsetti ◽  
M. Sgorbini
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and the egg reappearance period (ERP) of ivermectin (IVM) in donkeys during a 13-week period. The study involved a total of 14 adult Amiata breed donkeys, 7 – 13 years of age, and naturally infected with small strongyles. A group of 10 donkeys was treated with IVM oral paste at a dose rate of 200 mcg/kg BW. Another group of 4 donkeys was kept as untreated control group. Faecal samples were collected and examined for strongyle eggs on day 0 before treatment. IVM efficacy was based on the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) on day 14 post-treatment. Then individual faecal samples were collected and examined by FECRT at weekly intervals. A FECRT of 100 % was found after treatment with IVM and its ERP, defined as the week when the mean FECRT decreased until to become lower than 90 %efficacy, was estimated to be 11 weeks without signs of developing anthelmintic resistance. No adverse reactions were observed during the study period. Our findings may be useful to veterinary practitioners and breeders as they show that IVM, at the recommended dose rate, can be still considered a highly effective and safe pharmacological tool for the treatment of small strongyles in donkeys. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all possible strategies are undertaken to avoid the risk of emergence of anthelmintic resistance to IVM in donkeys.

scholarly journals The Difference Between Gargling Using Betel Nut Seed (Areca Catechu) Extract and Chlorhexidine 0.2% Solution in Chronic Gingivitis Healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
I. Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Swastini ◽  
I. Gusti Agung Ayu Dharmawati ◽  
Ni Nengah Sumerti ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa ◽  
I. Putu Eka Widyadharma
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The use of mouthwash is an effective way to help cure gingivitis. Mouthwash that is often used is mouthwash containing antiseptic. Recently, there has been increasing use of traditional medicines that are considered safer such as areca nuts compared to chemically synthesized agents. The aim of this study was to calculate the difference in the healing of chronic gingivitis due to calculus between gargling using areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution. This was an experimental test with pre and post-test control group design and involved two treatment groups. A total of 30 subjects with grade 2 gingivitis were being admitted. The first group was given mouthwash with areca nut (Areca catechu) extract and another group with Chlorhexidine 0.2% twice daily for three days. The mean gingival index in the group which gargled using betel nut seed (Areca catechu) extract on the first day was 1,93±0,704 followed by 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day, on the other hand the mean gingival index in the group which gargled using Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution was 1,93±0,704 on the first day, 0,40±0,507 on the second day, and 0,00±0,00 on the third day. The mean gingival index decreased significantly during observation period in both treatment groups but when being compared to each other there was no significant difference in the healing time of chronic gingivitis in group which gargled using betel nut seed extract (Areca catechu) and Chlorhexidine 0.2% solution.

scholarly journals Effects of topical gel formulation of Ficus carica latex on cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pouryousef ◽  
Erfan Eslami ◽  
Sepehr Shahriarirad ◽  
Sina Zoghi ◽  
Mehdi Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ficus carica latex on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), induced by Leishmania major. A 5% topical gel with F. carica latex was prepared. BALB/c mice were infected by inoculation of amastigotes form of L. major. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups, where the first group was treated daily, the second group twice per day, and the third group every other day with the 5% topical gel, for 3 weeks. The sizes of the lesions were measured before and during the course of treatment. Results Although the mean size of lesions in the mice group treated with the 5% F. carica gel, especially in the group receiving daily treatment, was less than the mean size of the lesions in the control group, yet, the differences was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The findings of the current study demonstrated that the 5% F. carica latex with a 3-week course of treatment had no considerable effect in recovery or control of CL induced by L. major in the murine model. Using higher concentration of F. carica latex and with longer treatment lengths may increase its efficacy in the treatment of CL.

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN LAY-UP SHOOT BOLA BASKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the cooperative learning model type student team's achievement division has on basketball shoot lay-up skills. The research method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method. The type of research design used was the non-equivalent group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Majalengka in 2019 totaling 424 students. The sampling technique used in this study was cluster random sampling technique. The sample in this study amounted to 214 students consisting of class XI IPS 1-4 and XI MIPA 7-8. The experimental group class XI IPS 1-2 and XI MIPA, control group class XI IPS 3-4 and XI MIPA 8. The results showed that the mean pre-test lay-up shoot of the experimental group was 4.09 while the control group was 3.92. The mean post-test shoot lay-up of the experimental group was 6.76 while the control group was 4.72. Furthermore, by looking at 95% confidence interval of the difference, there is a difference between the shoot lay-up results of the experimental group and the control group, which is -0.190 to 2.412. Thus, it can be concluded that STAD is effective in improving basketball shoot lay-up skills.

scholarly journals Urine CA-2 as a biomarker for diagnosis urinary stone and prediction of its complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-jing Leng ◽  
Hai-bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang-ling Fu ◽  
Wen-juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract PURPOSECarbonic anhydrase-2 (CA-2) plays a role in mineralization and calcification in organism. Strong evidence suggests that CA-2 is associated with urolithiasis. However, the relationship between CA-2 and urinary stone remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the association of urine CA-2 (uCA-2) level and the potential risk of urinary stone.METHODSFrom March 2017 to November 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted on patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects to determine the pretreatment uCA-2 level detection by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The difference of uCA-2 level between patients with urinary stones and healthy subjects was compared. Then comparison between stone patients with complications and without complications was carried out as well as correlation analysis to detect factors associated with biomarker expression.RESULTS118 patients with urinary stones were into urinary stones group and 42 healthy subjects were into healthy control group. The mean pretreatment uCA-2 level was significantly higher in patients with urinary stones group than healthy controls group (P=0.028). Furthermore, The uCA-2 level was positive correlation with urinary stones complications (R=0.379, P=0.000), especially pain complications (R=0.524, P=0.000) and hematuria complications (R=0.374, P=0.000). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis that a uCA-2 level threshold of 10.94 ng/mL had 83.67% sensitivity and 68.12% specificity for predicting urinary stones complications. CONCLUSIONSExcessive uCA-2 excretion is a major risk factor for urinary stone. Our findings suggested that uCA-2 may be used as an unappreciated biomarker for the diagnosis urinary stone in patients and to predict its complications.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X AP PADA MATA AJAR SANITASI, HYGIENE DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA DI SMK PARIWISATA TRIATMA JAYA SINGARAJA TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Yulianitias Yulianitias ◽  
Cokorda Istri Raka Marsiti ◽  
Luh Masdarini
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Model Problem ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Academic Year

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan dari penggunaan model Problem Based Learning berbasis lingkungan terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X-AP mata ajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja di SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Non equivalent Only Control Group Design. Objek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua kelas sampel, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Metode pemilihan sampel penelitian adalah dengan teknik random sampling. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa, kemudian melakukan pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan teknik uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh thitung 7,641 dan ttabel (pada taraf signifikansi 5%) = 3,460. Hal ini berarti bahwa thitung> ttabel, sehingga dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa X AP Di SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan Problem Based Learning berbasis lingkungan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan metode konvensional. Dilihat dari hasil perhitungan rata-rata hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja kelompok eksperimen adalah 81 lebih besar dari rata-rata hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan kerja kelompok kontrol yaitu 76 Kata kunci: Hasil belajar Sanitasi, Hygiene dan Keselamatan Kerja, Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis Lingkungan ABSTRACT The study aimed at finding out the difference of implementation of problem based learning model with environmental basis towards the achievement of class XAP students on the subjects of sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety at SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja on the academic year 2018/2019. The research was designed with non equivalent only group control. The objects were two classes of samples, namely controlled and sample classes. Random sampling method was apllied to determine the sample of the research. The data were gathered by using test to find out the achievement of the students , then examining the hypothesis was done by implementing t-examiner technique. The results show that tvalue is 7,641 and ttable (at level of significance 5%) = 3,460. It means that tvalue> ttable. It can be interpreted that there is a significant effect towards the students’ahievement of class X AP at SMK Pariwisata Triatma Jaya Singaraja. The group of students that were treated with Problem Based Learning with the environmental basis got the mean score 81 for sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety, it is higher than those who were treated with conventional method (controlled group).Key words : achievement, sanitation, hygiene, and workplace safety Model

scholarly journals Intervensi Berbasis Mindfulness untuk Menurunkan Stres pada Orang Tua

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rahmantika Kurnia Romadhani ◽  
M. Noor Rochman Hadjam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Mindfulness Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this research is to reduce parents’ stress by increasing their mindfulness ability using Mindfulness intervention. Participants in this study consisted of 15 mothers with stress from mild to severe. The design use in this study is quasi experimental design with untreated control group with pretest and postest. The program consists of 8 session intervention. The instruments used in this research are DASS Scale and KIMS scale. Quantitaive analysis was conducted through  statistical test using Mann-Whitney and also qualitative analysist. The result of this study showed that intervention with mindfulness was effective to reduce stress in parents (U=0,000; p<0,001).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document