scholarly journals Effects of strain and skip–a–day feed restriction on growth characteristics of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
K. L. Akinsola ◽  
S. O. Olawumi ◽  
O. B. Abiloro ◽  
E. N. Obasi ◽  
J. Nathaniel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Intermediate Value

The aim of this study was to compare the growth performance of different broiler strains and to evaluate the suitable skip-a-day feed restriction regime at the starter and finisher phases. A total number of 288 day-old broilers of Arbor Acres, Hubbard and Marshall were randomly allocated to four treatments of 96 chicks per strain, with each treatment having three replicates of eight birds. The four treatments are full – fed (control), second, third and fourth week skip-a-day feed restriction. Data on body weight and body linear measurements were recorded on weekly basis to the 8thweek. Results showed that there was significant (p<0.01) effect of strain on body weight, body length, breast girth at the starter and finisher phases. This indicates that there were differences in genetic make-up of the three strains. Arbor Acre strain appeared tolerant to feed restriction and had superior body weight at the starter and finisher phases. Regarding the effect of skip-a-day feed restriction on birds, there was significant (p<0.01) effect on growth characteristics of the birds. Birds full-fed had the highest mean value in body weight, while third week feed restriction recorded intermediate value but better that other feed restriction regimes. It is suggested that for profitable broiler production under tropical conditions, Arbor Acre and third week skip-a-day feed restriction be considered.     L'objectif de cette étude était de comparer les performances de croissance de différentes souches de poulets de gril et d'évaluer le régime approprié de restriction des aliments pour animaux par jour aux phases de démarrage et de finition. Un nombre total de poulets de grillage de 288 jours d'Arbor Acres, Hubbard et Marshall ont été attribués au hasard à quatre traitements de 96 poussins par souche, chaque traitement ayant trois répliques de huit oiseaux. Les quatre traitements sont complets – nourris (contrôle), deuxième, troisième et quatrième semaine skip-a-day restriction de l'alimentation. Les données sur le poids corporel et les mesures linéaires du corps ont été enregistrées sur une base hebdomadaire jusqu'à la 8e semaine. Les résultats ont montré qu'il y avait un effet significatif (p<0.01) de la tension sur le poids corporel, la longueur du corps, la circonférence du sein aux phases de démarrage et de finition. Cela indique qu'il y avait des différences dans la constitution génétique des trois souches. La souche Arbor Acre semblait tolérante à la restriction de l'alimentation et avait un poids corporel supérieur aux phases de démarrage et de finition. En ce qui concerne l'effet de la restriction d'alimentation par jour sur les oiseaux, il y a eu un effet significatif (p<0.01) sur les caractéristiques de croissance des oiseaux. Les oiseaux nourris à part entière avaient la valeur moyenne la plus élevée en poids corporel, tandis que la restriction de l'alimentation de la troisième semaine enregistrait une valeur intermédiaire, mais mieux que les autres régimes de restriction des aliments pour animaux. Il est suggéré d'envisager une production rentable de poulets de grillage dans des conditions tropicales, arbor acre et restriction d'alimentation de troisième semaine par jour.

The effect of severity and duration of early feed restriction on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of male broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
H. Jahanian Najafabadi ◽  
A. Golian ◽  
F. Eftekhari Shahroudi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feed Conversion

One method of reducing feed cost is to restrict the feed in the early life of broilers. In this regard, Fontana et al. (1992) reported that early feed restriction programs in their experiments proportionally reduced the consumption of the starter diets by an average of 22% in restricted broilers when compared with controls. Energy restriction has also been shown to result in a reduction in metabolic energy loss leading to a reduced requirement for maintenance. If during refeeding, this low requirement is maintained and if growth resumed at a normal or above normal rate (compensatory growth), feed efficiency would be substantially improved, leading to an economical advantage. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of severity of diet dilution (energy and protein) and duration of early feed restriction on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of male broiler chickens.

The effect of severity and duration of early feed restriction on body weight and abdominal fat of male broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
H. Jahanian Najafabadi ◽  
A. Golian ◽  
F. Eftekhari Shahroudi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Diet Dilution

Early feed restriction programs designed for reducing body fat in broiler chickens rely on the phenomenon called compensatory growth to produce final body weight equal to controls and success of each feed restriction program is measured based on complete compensatory growth and the amount of body fat. Compensatory growth is defined as a recovery from a growth deficit resulting from a limited nutrient intake. Plavnik and co-workers in a series of studies showed that restricting metabolisable energy intake to providing only maintenance requirement for a short period early in the life of broilers resulted to a reduction in carcass and abdominal fats without affecting overall growth until 56 day of age. This means that there is potential to underfeed broilers for some time, without affecting weight at normal market age. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of severity of diet dilution (energy and protein) and duration of early feed restriction on body weight and abdominal fat of male broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Analysis of morphometric traits in heterogeneous population of adult guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
I. O. Dudusola ◽  
H. A. Bashiru ◽  
A. A. Adewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Poids Corporel

Guinea fowls represent an important animal genetic resource for food security in Nigeria. This study was conducted to investigate sexual dimorphism and the effect of location on morphometric traits in guinea fowls, obtain fewer uncorrelated orthogonal variables (principal components) from body linear measurements of guinea fowl, obtain homogeneous groups from a heterogeneous set of adult guinea fowl and predict live body weight of guinea fowls . A total of one thousand and seventeen(1,017) adult guinea fowl varieties aged between 28 and 39 weeks (774 pearls; 64 lavenders;151 black and 28 white varieties) consisting of 457 males and 560 females were randomly selected from rural farmers and markets in two Local Government Areas (LGAs) each in Osun and Oyo States in South-Western Nigeria. Data were collected on body weight, helmet height, wattle length, thigh length, body circumference, shank length, body length, neck length, wing length using standard procedures. Data collected were analyzed using GLM, REG, PRINCOM and CLUSTER procedures of SAS. There were significant differences P(<0.05) in all morphometric traits except thigh length and wingspan among the four varieties. The location did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the morphometric traits of guinea fowl. However, guinea fowls were found to be sexually dimorphic for body weight and all morphometric traits.Three principal components were yielded for the pearl, black and white variety which explained 60%, 75%, and 85% of the generalized variances respectively for the three varieties. Two principal components were yielded by the factor solution in the case of lavender variety which explained 68% of the total variances. The thigh length, body circumference, and wattle length contribute to the total variability of PC1 and these traits could be used for selection in the breeding programme to improve the body weight of the genetics stocks guinea fowl. The significant and positive associations indicated by the prediction equations between body weight and body linear parameters showed that the regression equations could be used to predict body weight.     Les pintades représentent une ressource génétique importante pour la sécurité alimentaire au Nigéria. Cette étude a été menée pour étudier le dimorphisme sexuel et l'effet de l'emplacement sur les caractères morphométriques chez les pintades, obtenir moins de variables orthogonales non corrélées (principaux composants) à partir de mesures linéaires corporelles de la pintade, obtenir des groupes homogènes à partir d'un ensemble hétérogène de pintades adultes et prédire le poids corporel vivant des pintades à l'aide de mesures linéaires corporelles de la pintade. Un total de mille dix-sept (1 017) variétés de pintades adultes âgées de 28 à 39 semaines (774 perles; 64 lavandes; 151 variétés noires et 28 variétés blanches) composées de 457 mâles et 560 femelles ont été choisies au hasard parmi les agriculteurs ruraux et les marchés de deux zones d'administrations locales (les 'LGA) chacune dans les États d'Osun et d'Oyo, dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria. Des données ont été recueillies sur le poids corporel, la hauteur du casque, la longueur du wattle, la longueur des cuisses, la circonférence du corps, la longueur de la tige, la longueur du corps, la longueur du cou, la longueur des ailes à l'aide de procédures standard. Les données recueillies ont été analysées à l'aide des procédures 'GLM', 'REG', 'PRINCOMP' et 'CLUSTER' de 'SAS'. Il y avait des différences significatives (p<0,05) dans tous les traits morphométriques, à l'exception de la longueur et de l'envergure des cuisses entre les quatre variétés. L'emplacement n'a pas eu d'effet significatif (p>0,05) sur les traits morphométriques de la pintade. Cependant, les pintades se sont trouvées sexuellement dimorphic pour le poids corporel et tous les traits morphométriques. Trois composants principaux ont été cédés pour la variété de perle, noir et blanc qui a expliqué 60%, 75%, et 85% des écarts généralisées respectivement pour les trois variétés. Deux composants principaux ont été rapportés par la solution de facteur dans le cas de la variété de lavande qui a expliqué 68% des écarts totaux. La longueur des cuisses, la circonférence du corps et la longueur du wattle contribuent à la variabilité totale du PC1 et ces traits pourraient être utilisés pour la sélection dans le programme de reproduction afin d'améliorer le poids corporel des stocks génétiques de pintades. Les associations significatives et positives indiquées par les équations de prédiction entre le poids corporel et les paramètres linéaires du corps ont montré que les équations de régression pouvaient être utilisées pour prédire le poids corporel.           

scholarly journals Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens offered nutritional supplement of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
A. C. Esiegwu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fluted Pumpkin ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices

It is obvious that farmers cannot raise chicken without supplementary nutrients in the form of vitamins, minerals and amino acids provided either as anti-stress, immune booster or for growth and high productivity. The high cost of these conventional supplementary nutrients is becoming very alarming leading to high cost of production and consequently high cost of poultry products. Whereas, leaves of most plants in our agroecological zone contain these nutrients and can be obtained at no cost, it is necessary to utilize them for similar purposes to reduce cost and enhance the wellbeing of the animals. Moreso, the use of these plant leaves as juice extract will enhance absorption and utilization of the nutrients and enzymes contained therein. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementary fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves extract on the performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens. 200g of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves were plucked and crushed. One litre of H2 O was used to squeeze the 2 extract (juice) from the 200g leaf. The leaf extract was further mixed (diluted) in clean drinking water at the rate of 0ml/litre of H2 O, 100ml /litre of H 2O, 200ml/litre of H20 300ml/litre of H2 O designated as T , T , T , T . In T The chickens were given conventional 2 1 3 4 5 2. supplement (vitalyte). Five groups of 30 broiler chicks (28 days old) of agritech breed were randomly assigned to one of the supplementary fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves extract and the conventional supplement for 28 days in a completely randomized design. Each group was subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed normal broiler chicken finisher diet for all the groups. At the end of the 28 days dietary trial, results showed that average body weight changes and average daily body gains were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at T (200ml/litre of H 2O). Feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased (P< 0.05) at T (200ml/litre of H2 O) compared to T and T but similar to T and T . 4 2 1 5 2 3 T also showed high degree of cost effectiveness. Haematological indices (Haemoglobin 4 Packed cell volume, Red blood cell, White blood cell etc) did not show any significant treatment (P > 0.05) effects. Biochemical indices (such as total serum protein, urea, creatinine, liver enzyme, cholesterol etc) did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). It was concluded that the inclusion of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract as an alternative supplement to costly conventional supplements should be administered orally at 200ml/litre of H 2O due to heavier body weight gain and cost effectiveness.     Il est évident que les agriculteurs ne peuvent pas élever de poulet sans nutriments supplémentaires sous forme de vitamines, de minéraux et d'acides aminés fournis soit commeanti-stress, soit comme stimulant immunitaire, soit pour la croissance et une productivité élevée. Le coût élevé de ces nutriments supplémentaires conventionnels devient très alarmant, ce qui entraîne des coûts de production élevés et par conséquent des coûts élevés des produits avicoles. Alors que les feuilles de la plupart des plantes de notre zone agro écologique contiennent ces nutriments et peuvent être obtenues gratuitement, il est nécessaire de les utiliser à des fins similaires pour réduire les coûts et améliorer le bien-être des animaux. De plus, l'utilisation de ces feuilles de plantes comme extrait de jus améliorera l'absorption et l'utilisation des nutriments et des enzymes qu'elles contiennent. Une expérience a été menée pour déterminer l'effet d'un extrait supplémentaire de feuilles de citrouille cannelée (Telfairia occidentalis) sur les performances, les indices hématologiques et biochimiques sériques des poulets de chair en finition. 200g de feuilles de courge cannelée (Telfairia occidentalis) ont été cueillies et écrasées. Un litre d'H2O a été utilisé pour presser l'extrait (jus) de la feuille de 200g. L'extrait de feuille a été ensuite mélangé (dilué) dans de l'eau potable à raison de 0 ml/litre de H2O, 100 ml/litre de H2O, 200 ml/litre de H2O et 300 ml/litre de H2O désignés comme T1, T3, T4, T5. Au T2. Les poulets ont reçu un supplément conventionnel (vitalyte). Cinq groupes de 30 poussins de chair (28 jours) de race agritech ont été assignés au hasard à l'un des extraits de feuilles de citrouille cannelées supplémentaires (Telfairia occidentalis) et au supplément conventionnel pendant 28 jours dans un design complètement randomisé. Chaque groupe a été subdivisé en trois répétitions de 10 oiseaux chacune. Les oiseaux ont été nourris avec un régime alimentaire de finition de poulet à griller normal pour tous les groupes. À la fin de l'essai diététique de 28 jours, les résultats ont montré que les changements de poids corporel moyen et les gains corporels quotidiens moyens étaient significativement augmentés (P < 0,05) à T4 (200 ml/litre de H2O). Le taux de conversion alimentaire était significativement diminué (P< 0,05) à T4 (200 ml/litre de H2O) par rapport à T1 et T5 mais similaire à T2 et T3. Le T4 a également montré un haut degré de rentabilité. Les indices hématologiques (volume globulaire d'hémoglobine, globules rouges, globules blancs, etc.) n'ont montré aucun effet significatif du traitement (P > 0,05). Les indices biochimiques (tels que les protéines sériques totales, l'urée, la créatinine, les enzymes hépatiques, le cholestérol, etc.) n'ont pas varié de manière significative (P > 0,05). Il a été conclu que l'inclusion de l'extrait de feuille de Telfairia occidentalis comme supplément alternatif aux suppléments conventionnels coûteux devrait être administrée par voie orale à 200 ml/litre de H2O en raison d'un gain de poids corporel plus important et d'un rapport coût-efficacité plus élevé.

scholarly journals Effect of Feed Restriction on Performance, Carcass Composition and Physicochemical Properties of the M. Pectoralis Superficialis of Broiler Chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Połtowicz ◽  
Joanna Nowak ◽  
Dorota Wojtysiak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on carcass composition, breast meat quality and microstructure of the m. pectoralis superficialis of broiler chickens. A total of 315 day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 105 birds each in 3 pen replicates. They were fed ad libitum as the control (I), and restricted for 6 h/day (from 08:00 to 14:00 h) as group II (3 and 4 weeks of age) and group III from 4 to 5 weeks of age. On day 42 of growth, 6 broilers with average body weight were chosen from each group for slaughter to analyse dressing percentage, carcass quality, physicochemical properties of breast muscles, including pH, colour (CIE L*a*b*), expressible juice, drip loss, thawing loss, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, texture (TPA) and chemical composition, as well as histochemical profile of the m. pectoralis superficialis. Temporary feed restriction did not significantly alter the final body weight, dressing percentage and the proportion of breast and leg muscles, but increased the proportion of abdominal fat. No differences were found in the microstructure of the m. pectoralis superficialis of restricted and ad libitum fed chickens. Restricted feeding had an effect on water holding capacity and tenderness of breast muscles, and a non-significant effect on texture parameters and chemical composition. Restricted feeding of chickens changed their meat quality to a greater extent when applied from 3 to 4 weeks compared to analogous procedures introduced from 4 to 5 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis Caused by Chicken Proventricular Necrosis Virus Displaying Serological Cross-Reactivity with IBDV

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Marcin Śmiałek ◽  
Michał Gesek ◽  
Daria Dziewulska ◽  
Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk ◽  
Andrzej Koncicki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Group A ◽  
Potential Factor

Transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) of chickens is manifested in decreased body weight gains, poor feed conversion and weight diversity. Although TVP etiology has not been defined, a Birnaviridae family member, named chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) is considered as a potential factor of a disease. This study was undertaken in order to reproduce TVP and to evaluate its etiology. Broiler chickens of the TVP-infected group were inoculated with TVP positive proventriculi homogenate on the 24th day of life. Samples were collected, on infection day and 14 days post-infection (dpi). The 14 dpi anatomo- and histopathological evaluation, revealed that we have succeeded to reproduce TVP. TVP-infected birds gained 30.38% less body weight. In the TVP-infected group a seroconversion against picornaviruses, fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) and infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) was recorded with an ELISA test. Using RT-PCR and PCR, CPNV was detected in proventriculi and FAdV in spleens and livers of infected birds, 14 dpi. Our study supports that CPNV is involved in the development of TVP. We did not record the presence of IBDV in TVP or control birds, despite our recording of a seroconversion against IBDV in TVP infected birds. CPNV and IBDV belong to the same family, which allows us to assume serological cross-reactivity between them. The role of FAdV needs further evaluation.

scholarly journals Dietary sophorolipid accelerates growth by modulation of gut microbiota population and intestinal environments in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jin Kwak ◽  
Min-Young Park ◽  
Yong-Soon Choi ◽  
Junghwan Cho ◽  
Duleepa Pathiraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract Background Gut is a crucial organ for the host’s defense system due to its filtering action of the intestinal membrane from hazardous foreign substances. One strategy to strengthen the gut epithelial barrier function is to upregulate beneficial microflora populations and their metabolites. Sophorolipid (SPL), which is a glycolipid bio-surfactant, could increase beneficial microflora and decrease pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, herein, we conducted an experiment with broiler chickens to investigate the fortifying effects of SPL on the host’s gut defense system by modulating the microbiota population. Methods A total of 540 1-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were used, and they were immediately allotted into three treatment groups (6 replications with 30 chicks/pen) according to their initial body weight. The dietary treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), BAM (10 mg/kg bambermycin), and SPL (10 mg/kg SPL). During the experiment, birds freely accessed feed and water, and body weight and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. On d 35, birds (one bird/pen) were sacrificed to collect jejunum and cecum samples. Results Dietary SPL and BAM supplementation significantly accelerated birds’ growth and also significantly improved feed efficiency compared to CON. Intestinal microbial community was significantly separated by dietary SPL supplementation from that of CON, and dietary SPL supplementation significantly increased Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia muciniphila. Moreover, birds fed with dietary SPL also showed the highest concentration of cecal butyrate among all treatment groups. Gut morphological analysis showed that dietary SPL significantly increased villus height, ratio of villus height to crypt depth, goblet cell numbers, and the gene expression levels of claudin-1 and mucin 2. Additionally, dietary SPL significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, compared to other treatments. Conclusions Dietary SPL increases the beneficial bacterial population and butyrate concentration, which leads to a strengthened gut barrier function. In addition, the intestinal inflammation was also downregulated by dietary SPL supplementation.

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