Effect of backfat loss during lactation on weaning-to-oestrus interval of sows at gonadotropin application

Abstract. A total of 984 primiparous and multiparous crossbred sows (Swedish Landrace × Large White) housed on a commercial pig farm were used to study the effect of the decrease in backfat thickness during lactation and the level of backfat at weaning on weaning-to-oestrus interval and conception rate of sows. Primiparous sows (n=213) received a single injection of 400 IU eCG + 200 IU hCG (PG600®, Intervet) at weaning and approximately 30 % of sows did not respond to the first treatment. First-farrowing sows produced significantly fewer live-born piglets, had markedly thinner backfat in late gestation, showed significant loss of backfat thickness during lactation and showed thinner backfat at weaning than sows with a greater number of parities. Primiparous sows with backfat thinner than 18 mm at weaning lost an average of 21 % of backfat during lactation and had a significantly longer weaning-to-oestrus interval (31.75 ± 2.22 days), even after a second treatment with PG600®, than both primiparous sows which responded to the first treatment (5.95 ± 0.16 days) and multiparous sows which were not treated (5.19 ± 0.12 days). The primiparous and multiparous sows with thicker backfat at farrowing also had thicker backfat at weaning (r=0.874 and r=0.938 for primiparous and multiparous sows, respectively). Sows with thicker backfat at weaning showed a shorter weaning-to-oestrus interval and this correlation was higher for primiparous than for multiparous sows (r=−0.192 and r=−0.100, respectively). Thicker backfat of the sows at weaning was moderately but significantly correlated with lower loss of backfat during lactation (r=−0.179 and r=−0.273 for primiparous and multiparous sows, respectively). The present study showed that monitoring of backfat thickness and loss of backfat during lactation represents a useful tool to decrease non-productive days and improve the efficiency of high-producing pig herds.

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PSXI-5 Effect of increasing feed intake during late gestation on piglet birth weight and weaning weight of low backfat thickness sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 387-388

Author(s):

Yuanfei Zhou ◽

Zuhong Liu ◽

Jian Peng

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Large White ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Weight Variation ◽

High Feed

Abstract This study investigated the effect of feed intake during late gestation on piglet birth weight and weaning weight of sows with the low backfat thickness (BF) at gestation 90 d. A total of 397 crossbred Landrance × Large White sows according to feed intakes were randomly allotted to three groups 2.8 kg/d (the energy requirement for sow maintenance), 3.6 kg/d and 4.0 kg/d from day 90 to day 110 of gestation. Sows were weighed and measured BF at 90 d and at 110 d of gestation and at weaning. Piglet performance at parturition and at weaning and wean-to-estrus of sows were recorded. Although sows had a tendency to increase BF at gestation 110 d (P = 0.09) and had more BF gain during late gestation with higher feed intake (P < 0.01), there was no evidence for differences in piglet birth weight, within-litter birth weight variation and weak piglet rate, and the number of total born, born alive and stillborn. During lactation, sows fed with high feed intake in late gestation increased body weight loss (P < 0.01). And no differences were observed in piglet performance at weaning and wean-to-estrus interval of sows. In conclusion, during late gestation, sows fed with feed intake more than energy requirement for maintenance had no effect on piglet birth weight or weaning weight.

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PREDICTION OF DAILY GAIN, BACKFAT THICKNESS AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO AMONG CROSSBRED TERMINAL SIRES BETWEEN PUREBRED DUROC, PIETRAIN, AND LANDRACE BY CBE 4.0 SOFTWARE

Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University ◽

10.35382/18594816.1.29.2018.35 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (29) ◽

pp. 72-81

Author(s):

Hop Van Nguyen ◽

Tinh Huu Nguyen ◽

Hoa Van Tran ◽

Kinh Van La

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

High Reliability ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pig Farm ◽

Development Center ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of the study is to compare the practical results with the predicted results by Crossbreeding Effects (CBE) software on pig crossbred based on daily gain, backfat thickness and feed conversion ratio. Another purpose of this study is to predict those three traits among some expected hybridization. This research was conducted on pig farm at Binh Thang Research and Development center from 2013 to 2017. In this study, for each pair of purebred Duroc and Pietrain, Duroc and Landrace, Pietrain and Landrace, twelve hybridizations were analyzed, nine unhybridizations were predicted by CBE software. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted and actual data. With some unhybridization crossbred , the predictions showed high reliability (P<0.05). Based on the predicted data of CBE software , some traits of the crossbred animals would not be improved, therefore, it was not necessary to conduct these hybridizations

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Effect of feeding level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows. 1. Growth, puberty and conception rate

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800050359 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 355-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Y. Le Cozier ◽

E. Ringmar-Cederberg ◽

S. Johansen ◽

J. Y. Dourmad ◽

M. Neil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Live Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Feeding Level ◽

The Third ◽

Complete Diet ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Effect Of Feeding

AbstractFrom 74 to 180 days of age, a complete diet was offered either ad libitum (AL) or at proportionately 0·8 of the observed consumption (R) to two groups of purebred Yorkshire gilts, comprising 128 and 127 animals, respectively. Half of the animals in each group was served at the first detected oestrus, and the other half at the third detected oestrus, according to a plan defined at the start of the experiment. Animals which failed to show oestrus before 240 days of age were culled.At 100 kg live weight (LW), AL gilts were younger (-20 days) and had thicker backfat (+2.3 mm) than R gilts. At the first detected oestrus, AL females were also younger (198 v. 203 days), heavier (127 v. 117 kg LW) and fatter (17·8 v. 14·7 mm backfat thickness) than R gilts. No difference between feeding treatments during rearing was observed in the percentage of females detected on heat before day 240. Seventy-three animals were culled from the start of the experiment until service, half of them (54%) failing to show oestrus. At service, LW and backfat thickness in the four treatments ranged from 117 to 148 kg LW and 14·9 to 19·7 mm, respectively. The body fatness, estimated from the ratio of backfat to LW, was higher in AL than in R gilts (0·14 and 0·12 , respectively), whereas no difference was observed between E1 and E3 gilts (0·13 on average). After the first service 15% of the gilts came back into heat but the conception rate was not affected by feeding treatment during rearing.

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Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-009-0022-9 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 66-69

Author(s):

Ramutis Klimas ◽

Asta Klimienė

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Live Weight ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Genetic Trend ◽

Large White ◽

Lean Meat ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Observation Period

Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic trend of leanness for purebred pigs, and to determine the relations between meatiness traits, age and live weight of animals. The estimation of meatiness traits (backfat and loin lean thickness, lean meat percentage) of purebred Lithuanian White (LW), Large White (La.W), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), Duroc (D) and Pietrain (P) pigs grown in breeding centres was evaluated by apparatus Piglog 105, during 2000-2006. In 2006, the average lean meat percentage of purebred pigs in the breeding centres of Lithuania ranged from 56.9% (LW) to 59.5% (D). During the observation period (2000-2006), the genetic trend of the leanness of LW was 6.9% (P < 0.001), La.W and L, respectively, was 2.2 and 2.5% (P < 0.01), D was 1.6% (P < 0.05), Y was 0.2% and P was 0.6%. A higher genetic trend of the leanness in the LW pig breed can be explained by import of English La.W boars. Correlation analysis showed that lean meat percentage of pigs is more related to backfat thickness (r = from -0.84 to -0.95, P < 0.001), than to loin lean thickness (r = from 0.11 to 0.30). Live weight of pigs had more influence on mentioned meatiness traits than age.

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Effect of age and backfat thickness on reproductive performance of 100 kg Large White sows

Annales de Zootechnie ◽

10.1051/animres:19850319 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 365-365

Author(s):

R. GUEBLEZ ◽

J. M. GESTIN ◽

Geneviève LE HENAFF

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Large White ◽

Effect Of Age

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Growth performance and carcass traits of Large White, Mukota and Large White ✕ Mukota F1crosses given graded levels of maize cob meal

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800053844 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. T. Kanengoni ◽

K. Dzama ◽

M. Chimonyo ◽

J. Kusina ◽

S. M. Maswaure

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Large White ◽

Daily Food ◽

Maize Cob ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

Daily Gain

AbstractA study was conducted to compare the performance of Mukota, Large White (LW) and LW ✕ Mukota F1pigs given increasing levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen female weaners of each genotype were given, ad libitum, diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cob meal per kg of diet for 14 weeks. The diets were designed to contain similar levels of protein (ca. 160 g crude protein per kg) and energy (ca. 9 MJ metabolizable energy per kg). Average daily food intake per unit metabolic body weight (ADFI per kg M0·75), average daily gain (ADG) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. The pigs were slaughtered and cold dressed mass (CDM) and backfat thickness were determined for each pig. The ADFI per kg M0·75was similar among the four diets for the three genotypes. The rate of decline in ADG was higher (P < 0·05) in the LW than in the other two genotypes. The FCR in the Mukota was poorer (P < 0·05) than that in the LW and the F1crosses. The Mukota had the highest (P < 0·05) backfat thickness (K5 and K7·5) values of the three genotypes across the four diets, followed by the F1crosses. The CDM values for the LW and the F1crosses were similar and were higher (P < 0·05) than those for the Mukota. The findings indicate that F1crosses and the Mukota were better able to utilize diets containing high levels of maize cob meal than LW pigs.

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Adaptation of fat metabolism to environmental temperature in the newborn pig

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00004316 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 197-199

Author(s):

P. Herpin ◽

M. van Os ◽

J. Le Dividich

Keyword(s):

Fat Metabolism ◽

Live Weight ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Large White ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Weight One ◽

Efficient Route ◽

Fat Level ◽

Total Body ◽

Glycogen Stores

Susceptibility to cold is usually reported as a major factor involved in the neonatal mortality of piglets (English and Morrison, 1984). Low energy reserves and poor insulation largely contribute to the limited thermoregulatory capacities of the newborn pig (Mersmann, 1974; Curtis, 1974). Glycogen is the predominant source of energy accounting for about 0.6 of the total energy available at birth (Mellor and Cockburn, 1986) but glycogen stores are rapidly depleted after birth. In addition, the total body fat content is very low at birth, ranging from 10 to 20g/kg (Manners and McCrea, 1963). Whereas attempts made to increase the energy stored as fat in the newborn pig by manipulation of the sow diet during late gestation have given variable results (Seerley, 1984), colostrum has proved to be an efficient route for depositing fat and hence for the supply of energy to the piglet during the first postnatal day (Le Dividich, Esnault, Lynch, Hoo-Paris, Castex and Peiniau, 1991). The present study was designed to determine the effects of colostral fat level on the energy and fat metabolism of the newborn piglet when maintained during the 1st day of life at thermal neutrality (34°C) or in the cold (21°C).A total of 35 newborn Large White pigs averaging 1140 (s.e. 54) g in weight were used. Within each litter five piglets were selected according to their live weight. One was killed in order to determine the initial body composition. The remaining pigs were fitted with umbilical artery catheters and stomach tubes. They were placed in individual cages in closed temperature-controlled chambers maintained at either 34 or 21°C and were fed normal colostrum (60 g fat per kg, NFC) or a colostrum deprived of fat (< 10 g fat per kg, LFC) at the rate of 15 to 18 g per meal per kg birth weight. A total of 24 meals were given at about 65-min intervals.

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Heat stress affects fecal microbial and metabolic alterations of primiparous sows during late gestation

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-019-0391-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jianwen He ◽

Huiduo Guo ◽

Weijiang Zheng ◽

Yongqiang Xue ◽

Ruqian Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Large White ◽

Β Diversity

Abstract Background Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes intestinal barrier functions and augments intestinal permeability in pigs. However, whether HS-induced maternal microbial and metabolic changes in primiparous sows during late gestation remains elusive. We present here, a study investigating the fecal microbial and metabolic responses in late gestational primiparous sows when exposed to HS. Methods Twelve first-parity Landrace × Large White F1 sows were randomly assigned into two environmental treatments including the thermoneutral (TN) (18–22 °C; n = 6) and HS (28–32 °C; n = 6) conditions. Both treatments were applied from 85 d of gestation to farrowing. The serum and feces samples were collected on d 107 of gestation, for analyses including intestinal integrity biomarkers, high-throughput sequencing metagenomics, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and nontargeted metabolomics. Results Our results show that HS group has higher serum Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. The gut microbial community can be altered upon HS by using β-diversity and taxon-based analysis. In particular, the relative abundance of genera and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Clostridiales and Halomonas are higher in HS group, the relative abundance of genera and OTUs related to Bacteroidales and Streptococcus, however, are lower in HS group. Results of metabolic analysis reveal that HS lowers the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, total SCFA, succinate, fumarate, malate, lactate, aspartate, ethanolamine, β-alanine and niacin, whereas that of fructose and azelaic acid are higher in HS group. These metabolites mainly affect propanoate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Additionally, correlation analysis between significant microbes and metabolites indicated that the HS-induced microbiota shift is likely the cause of changes of intestinal metabolism. Conclusions Taken together, we reveal characteristic structural and metabolic changes in maternal gut microbiota as a result of late gestational HS, which could potentially provide the basis for further study on offspring gut microbiota and immune programming.

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The visfatin (NAMPT; PBEF1) gene polymorphisms and associations with meat performance traits in three pig breeds kept in the Czech Republic

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1673-cjas ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 443-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Zrůstová ◽

A. Knoll ◽

T. Urban ◽

S. Čepica

Keyword(s):

Average Daily Gain ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Large White ◽

Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Lean Meat ◽

Meat Content ◽

The Difference ◽

Daily Gain

Visfatin encoded by the NAMPT gene (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, formerly also known as PBEF – pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor) is suggested to play a role in lipid metabolism and pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2. A new microsatellite SCZ004 was detected within intron 9 of the NAMPT gene. In Czech Large White (n = 95) frequencies of alleles 282, 286, 287, 299, and 304 were 0.02, 0.39, 0.07, 0.04, and 0.48, respectively. Allele 286 was predominant also in Landrace (n = 11) and Black Pied Prestice (n = 11) breeds. Association analysis was carried out between previously reported SNP AM999341:g.669T>C in intron 9 of the NAMPT gene and backfat thickness, average daily gain and lean meat content in Czech Large White (n = 215), Black Pied Prestice (n = 96) and Landrace (n = 105). The CC genotype was associated with higher backfat thickness (CC was associated with lower backfat thickness when compared to TT and CT genotypes (CC genotype was associated with higher lean meat content when compared to CT (not significant) and TT genotype (CC had the lowest lean meat content when compared to CT and TT genotypes but only the difference between CC and CTT was statistically significant (<I ≤ 0.05). In Black Pied Prestice no association with lean meat content was found. Average daily gain was not associated with the SNP in any breed.

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Glucose and hormonal profiles of Meishan-derived and Large White gilts in early and late gestation

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a02-019 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

C. Farmer

Keyword(s):

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Large White ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Early Gestation ◽

Factor I ◽

Igf I ◽

Meal Time ◽

Postprandial Insulin

Jugular catheters were inserted non-surgically in eight Large White (LW) and nine Genex-Meishan (GM, with 50% Meishan genes) gilts on days 37 and 106 of gestation to obtain serial blood samples on days 38 and 107. Meal time was 0805. Three preprandial samples (baseline) were obtained at 0740, 0750 and 0800 as well as samples every 20 min thereafter until 1100. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured in all samples and values for cortisol and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were determined on preprandial samples and hourly samples thereafter. All gilts were weighed and their backfat thickness measured at mating and on days 17, 34 and 109 of gestation. Gilts of the GM line were lighter (P = 0.03) and fatter (P = 0.004) than LW. Postprandial values for cortisol and IGF-I were greater in GM than LW gilts in early gestation only (P < 0.05). The same was true for baseline IGF-I (P < 0.001). Postprandial insulin was not affected by breed or stage of gestation (P > 0.1), yet glucose values were greater in LW than in GM gilts (P < 0.05) and postprandial glucose was greater in late compared to early gestation in both breeds (P < 0.001). In conclusion, both cortisol and IGF-I concentrations varied differently between genotypes depending on the stage of gestation. Furthermore, even though postprandial insulin was not affected by breed, concentrations of glucose were lower in GM gilts. A metabolic adaptation to gestation was observed in both breeds, with glucose values increasing in later gestation. Key words: Meishan, Gestation, Pigs, Hormones, Insulin, Glucose

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