scholarly journals Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources: case study of Murmansk

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 8349-8359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Evans ◽  
N. Kholod ◽  
V. Malyshev ◽  
S. Tretyakova ◽  
E. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Transportation Vehicle

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a potent pollutant because of its effects on climate change, ecosystems and human health. Black carbon has a particularly pronounced impact as a climate forcer in the Arctic because of its effect on snow albedo and cloud formation. We have estimated BC emissions from diesel sources in the Murmansk Region and Murmansk City, the largest city in the world above the Arctic Circle. In this study we developed a detailed inventory of diesel sources including on-road vehicles, off-road transport (mining, locomotives, construction and agriculture), ships and diesel generators. For on-road transport, we conducted several surveys to understand the vehicle fleet and driving patterns, and, for all sources, we also relied on publicly available local data sets and analysis. We calculated that BC emissions in the Murmansk Region were 0.40 Gg in 2012. The mining industry is the largest source of BC emissions in the region, emitting 69 % of all BC emissions because of its large diesel consumption and absence of emissions controls. On-road vehicles are the second largest source, emitting about 13 % of emissions. Old heavy duty trucks are the major source of emissions. Emission controls on new vehicles limit total emissions from on-road transportation. Vehicle traffic and fleet surveys show that many of the older cars on the registry are lightly or never used. We also estimated that total BC emissions from diesel sources in Russia were 50.8 Gg in 2010, and on-road transport contributed 49 % of diesel BC emissions. Agricultural machinery is also a significant source Russia-wide, in part because of the lack of controls on off-road vehicles.

scholarly journals Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources: case study of Murmansk

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 3257-3284
Author(s):  
M. Evans ◽  
N. Kholod ◽  
V. Malyshev ◽  
S. Tretyakova ◽  
E. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Transportation Vehicle

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a potent pollutant because of its effects on climate change, ecosystems and human health. Black carbon has a particularly pronounced impact as a climate forcer in the Arctic because of its effect on snow albedo and cloud formation. We have estimated BC emissions from diesel sources in Murmansk Region and Murmansk City, the largest city in the world above the Arctic Circle. In this study we developed a detailed inventory of diesel sources including on-road vehicles, off-road transport (mining, locomotives, construction and agriculture), fishing and diesel generators. For on-road transport, we conducted several surveys to understand the vehicle fleet and driving patterns, and, for all sources, we also relied on publicly available local data sets and analysis. We calculated that BC emission in Murmansk Region were 0.40 Gg in 2012. The mining industry is the largest source of BC emissions in the region, emitting 70% of all BC emissions because of its large diesel consumption and absence of emissions controls. On-road vehicles are the second largest source emitting about 12% of emissions. Old heavy duty trucks are the major source of emissions. Emission controls on new vehicles limit total emissions from on-road transportation. Vehicle traffic and fleet surveys show that many of the older cars on the registry are lightly or never used. We also estimated that total BC emissions from diesel sources in Russia were 56.7 Gg in 2010, and on-road transport contributed 55% of diesel BC emissions. Agricultural machinery is also a significant source Russia-wide, in part because of the lack of controls on off-road vehicles.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINING COMPLEX OF THE MURMANSK REGION: MINIMIZATION OF MAN-MADE IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Vladimir MASLOBOEV ◽  
◽  
Dmitry MAKAROV ◽  
Elena KLYUCHNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Mining Complex

The Murmansk region is a region with the largest enterprises of the mining complex of the Russian Federation: KF JSC “Apatit”, JSC “Kola MMC”, JSC “Olkon”, JSC” Kovdorsky GOK”, JSC” North-West Phosphorus Company”, LLC”Lovozersky GOK”. They provide the majority of the country’s demand for phosphate ores, zirconium raw materials (baddeleyite), niobium, tantalum, and rare earth metals. In addition, the mining and processing of copper-nickel, iron and chrome ores, nepheline and ceramic raw materials, facing stone and building materials is carried out. At the same time, the activities of enterprises have a very negative impact on the environment. The issues of environmental safety in the extraction and processing of minerals, storage of mining waste in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are of particular relevance. The definition of sustainable development in relation to the mining industry is given. The concepts of available best technologies, circular economy, and “green growth” are considered from the point of view of their contribution to sustainable development. It is shown that the sustainable development of enterprises at the present stage is impossible without improving the environmental friendliness of production. The article analyzes the legislation of the Russian Federation and the practice of its application to identify mechanisms that promote sustainable development and eliminate barriers to the implementation of this concept in the mining industry. New technological solutions have been developed for mining enterprises of the Murmansk region, aimed at reducing aero-technogenic emissions, cleaning waste (mine) water, processing tailings of enrichment as man-made deposits, which allows both to minimize man-made environmental impacts and to increase the full use of mineral raw materials. Thus, the expediency of using the principles of “green growth” for the development of economic development policies in the Arctic is justified.

scholarly journals Russia's black carbon emissions: focus on diesel sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 11267-11281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Kholod ◽  
Meredydd Evans ◽  
Teresa Kuklinski
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Model Computer

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a significant climate forcer with a particularly pronounced forcing effect in polar regions such as the Russian Arctic. Diesel combustion is a major global source of BC emissions, accounting for 25–30 % of all BC emissions. While the demand for diesel is growing in Russia, the country's diesel emissions are poorly understood. This paper presents a detailed inventory of Russian BC emissions from diesel sources. Drawing on a complete Russian vehicle registry with detailed information about vehicle types and emission standards, this paper analyzes BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles. We use the COPERT emission model (COmputer Programme to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) with Russia-specific emission factors for all types of on-road vehicles. On-road diesel vehicles emitted 21 Gg of BC in 2014: heavy-duty trucks account for 60 % of the on-road BC emissions, while cars represent only 5 % (light commercial vehicles and buses account for the remainder). Using Russian activity data and fuel-based emission factors, the paper also presents BC emissions from diesel locomotives and ships, off-road engines in industry, construction and agriculture, and generators. The study also factors in the role of superemitters in BC emissions from diesel on-road vehicles and off-road sources. The total emissions from diesel sources in Russia are estimated to be 49 Gg of BC and 17 Gg of organic carbon (OC) in 2014. Off-road diesel sources emitted 58 % of all diesel BC in Russia.

Light Railways as the Basic for Transport Infrastructure Development in Northern Territories of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
P.I. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Research objective: studies of economic and transport infrastructure development in the Arctic and Northern Territories of Russia. Research methodology: analysis of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the types of railways used in Russia. Results: economic development of any region is proportional to the development of the road transport infrastructure and logistics. When a conventional railway is operated in the Arctic conditions, it is not always possible to maintain a cargo turnover that would ensure its efficient use, and transshipment from one mode of transport to another is very problematic. A new type of railway is proposed, i.e. a light railway. Conclusions: the proposed new type of transport offers all the main advantages of narrow gauge railroads (high speed of construction, efficiency, etc.) and helps to eliminate their main disadvantage, i.e. the need for transloading when moving from a narrow gauge to the conventional one with the width of 1520 mm, along with a significant reduction in capital costs.

Mitigation potential of black carbon emissions from on-road vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 116746
Author(s):  
Shaojun Zhang ◽  
Xiaomeng Wu ◽  
Xuan Zheng ◽  
Yifan Wen ◽  
Ye Wu
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Mitigation Potential

scholarly journals Terrain Analysis of Biu Plateau, for Road Transport Development, Borno State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ikusemoran Mayomi ◽  
John Abdullahi ◽  
Anthony Dami
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
Steep Slopes

Among all the means of transportation, road has been described as the most important, probably because of its flexibility and its low cost in terms of construction, maintenance and usage. However, in Nigeria, road is considered to be the most dangerous means of transportation because of their bad nature such as sharp bends, narrow bridges, steep slopes and other related problems which are associated with the terrain where these roads are constructed. Road transportation therefore needs proper planning and development through the use of geo-information technologies that would ease accessibility reduces human energy and yet brings reliable and accurate information on the terrain. In this paper, Ilwis 3.5 was used to create Digital Elevation Modelling (DEM), Shadowing, 3-Dimentional View, Slope maps and river direction maps of Biu plateau to analyze the use of GIS on road planning and development on the plateau. It was revealed that the technique has great capabilities of terrain analysis as features which are deemed humanly impossible to assess are viewed as if one is at the scene which may enhance quick analysis on road transportation. It was therefore, recommended that all the stake holders in road transportation should employ the use of this geo-information techniques in terrain analysis to ease transport planning and development in the area.

The system-forming role of the Arctic cluster in the development of the economy of the North of Russia (on the example of the Murmansk region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Е.С. Хаценко ◽  
Л.С. Лычкина
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Creation

Представленная статья посвящена теоретико-правовым аспектам формирования экономической политики Российской Арктики, создание и регулирование Арктического экономического кластера. The presented article is devoted to the theoretical and legal aspects of the formation of the economic policy of the Russian Arctic, the creation and regulation of the Arctic economic cluster.

IMPLEMENTASI KOMPONEN SISTEM FASILITAS TRANSPORTASI TERHADAP BATAS SRP DAN WAKTU TUNGGU LAYANAN KEBERANGKATAN DAN KE.docxIMPLEMENTASI KOMPONEN SISTEM FASILITAS TRANSPORTASI TERHADAP BATAS SRP DAN WAKTU TUNGGU LAYANAN KEBERANGKATAN DAN KE.docx

LOGISTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Rocky Abisai Benaya Sitorus ◽  
Hendri Dunant Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
System Component ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Operational Service ◽  
Facility System

One of the functions of a public transport terminal that has a function as a temporary stopover from road transport activities. Likewise with the function of the Pulo Gebang Integrated Terminal which has a function as a point transit and a temporary stop from road transportation activities for the AKAP Bus and the AKDP Bus. In carrying out its function as a terminal, safe, smooth and comfortable circulation is required. Start the bus in the position in front of the terminal door, or when the bus is in a position outside the terminal door. The smooth circulation of the terminal will have an impact on parking capacity and service waiting times, which in turn will result in the smooth departure and arrival of buses at the Pulo Gebang Integrated Terminal.In order to expedite the circulation of the activities of the arrival and departure of the AKAP Bus at the Pulo Gebang Integrated Terminal, needed problem solving is regarding the implementation of the SOP. AKAP Bus departures and arrivals. By the authors conducted research by collecting various kinds of research data while carrying out the Job Training (PKL) there. The data collection process was carried out by using various methods, such as: field observation techniques, interview techniques, and requests for permission to request data on the daily reports of AKAP Bus departures and arrivals. Then, the collected data is reviewed and it is hoped that it can become a solution for the performance in the Operational Unit and the Integrated Terminal Partnership Pulo Gebang in carrying out operational activities for the departure and arrival of the AKAP Bus.The results of this study found obstacles that occurred during the implementation process of the facility system component activities against the limit SRP and bus operational service time at the Pulo Gebang Integrated Terminal. This is supported by the daily data on the arrival and departure of the AKAP Bus at the Pulo Gebang Integrated Terminal.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of black carbon concentrations and climate impact to aging and scavenging

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne T. Lund ◽  
Terje K. Berntsen ◽  
Bjørn H. Samset
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Measurement ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. Despite recent improvements, significant uncertainties in global modeling of black carbon (BC) aerosols persist, posing important challenges for the design and evaluation of effective climate mitigation strategies targeted at BC emission reductions. Here we investigate the sensitivity of BC concentrations in the chemistry-transport model OsloCTM2 with the microphysical aerosol parameterization M7 (OsloCTM2-M7) to parameters controlling aerosol aging and scavenging. We focus on Arctic surface concentrations and remote region BC vertical profiles, and introduce a novel treatment of condensation of nitric acid on BC. The OsloCTM2-M7 underestimates annual averaged BC surface concentrations, with a mean normalized bias of −0.55. The seasonal cycle and magnitude of Arctic BC surface concentrations is improved compared to previous OsloCTM2 studies, but model-measurement discrepancies during spring remain. High-altitude BC over the Pacific is overestimated compared with measurements from the HIPPO campaigns. We find that a shorter global BC lifetime improves the agreement with HIPPO, in line with other recent studies. Several processes can achieve this, including allowing for convective scavenging of hydrophobic BC and reducing the amount of soluble material required for aging. Simultaneously, the concentrations in the Arctic are reduced, resulting in poorer agreement with measurements in part of the region. A first step towards inclusion of aging by nitrate in OsloCTM2-M7 is made by allowing for condensation of nitric acid on BC. This results in a faster aging and reduced lifetime, and in turn to a better agreement with the HIPPO measurements. On the other hand, model-measurement discrepancies in the Arctic are exacerbated. Work to further improve this parameterization is needed. The impact on global mean radiative forcing (RF) and surface temperature response (TS) in our experiments is estimated. Compared to the baseline, decreases in global mean direct RF on the order of 10–30 % of the total pre-industrial to present BC direct RF is estimated for the experiments that result in the largest changes in BC concentrations. We show that globally tuning parameters related to BC aging and scavenging can improve the representation of BC vertical profiles in the OsloCTM2-M7 compared with observations. Our results also show that such improvements can result from changes in several processes and often depend on assumptions about uncertain parameters such as the BC ice nucleating efficiency and the change in hygroscopicity with aging. It is also important to be aware of potential tradeoffs in model performance between different regions. Other important sources of uncertainty, particularly for Arctic BC, such as model resolution has not been investigated here. Our results underline the importance of more observations and experimental data to improve process understanding and thus further constrain models.

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