scholarly journals Observations of omega bands using an imaging riometer

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 4183-4195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kavanagh ◽  
J. A. Wild ◽  
F. Honary
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Hall Conductance ◽  
Coherent Scatter ◽  
Noise Absorption ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cosmic Noise ◽  
First Time

Abstract. We present a case study of an omega band current system from 11 May 1998 using data from the Imaging Riometer for Ionospheric Studies (IRIS) in Finland. For the first time, images of a substorm-related omega band in cosmic noise absorption are shown. The substorm in question was one of a string that occurred on that day; inspection of geostationary satellite data indicates that this was a sawtooth event. Using a previously established statistical relationship, the IRIS data is used to provide maps of Hall conductance and compared with previous estimates utilising both HF and VHF coherent-scatter radars. Discrepancies are discussed with reference to precipitation spectrum and the geometry of the experimental set-up. The imaging riometer data provides a higher spatial resolution than the combined magnetometer-radar pairing for determining the Hall conductance and can also be used to identify the extent of the precipitation in the absence of optical data.

scholarly journals IMPROVING CHINA’S REGIONAL FINANCIAL CENTER MODERNIZATION DEVELOPMENT USING A NEW HYBRID MADM MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Hua HU ◽  
Wei JIANGUO ◽  
Gwo-Hshiung TZENG
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Multiple Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
Financial Center ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Network Relationship

The regional financial center is the propeller of regional economic development. Regional financial center modernization, however, has been the predominant propulsion of economic sustainability. Decisions related to regional financial center modernization development are in­herent problems of multiple attribute decision-making (MADM), and strategically important to the government. The purpose of this paper is to set up a regional financial center improvement model for modernization development, as based on a hybrid MADM model, which addresses the main causal-effect factors and amended priorities in order to strengthen ongoing planning. This paper adopts a new hybrid MADM model combined with the DEMATEL technique to construct an influential network relationship map (INRM) and determined the influential weights of DANP. Then, a modified VIKOR method using influential weights is applied to measure and integrate the performance gaps from each criterion into dimensions, as well as the overall criterion for evaluating and improving the modernization development of the regional financial center, as based on INRM. Finally an empirical case study using data from the Guangzhou regional financial center is carried out as an example to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed hybrid MADM model for solving real-world problems. The results show the priorities for improvement, as based on the degree of the effect and impact of the dimensions, as follows: first is making “government policy”, second is enforcing “financial infrastructure and safety”, next is formulating “financial institutions and human resources”, and finally “financial service”.

scholarly journals A Framework for Assessing Benefits of Implemented Nature-Based Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watkin ◽  
Ruangpan ◽  
Vojinovic ◽  
Weesakul ◽  
Torres
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are solutions that can protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems in urban and rural areas, while providing many benefits and co-benefits including stormwater mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and human well-being. As such, NBS have the potential to alleviate many of the environmental, social, and economic issues that we face today. Grey infrastructure, such as lined trenches and catch basins, pipes, and concrete dikes are frequently used for stormwater management and flood protection, but they do not provide many of the co-benefits that are common with NBS. Grey infrastructure is designed to quickly collect and remove rainwater, whereas NBS keep rainwater where it falls, and where it can be used by the environment. Many stakeholders lack knowledge of the capabilities and benefits of NBS, and as a result, they continue to rely on grey infrastructure in their projects. When information is made available on the benefits and how they can be quantitatively measured, it is hoped that NBS will be promoted to a mainstream infrastructure choice. A valuable way to quantify and highlight the benefits of NBS is by using an evaluation framework. There are several evaluation frameworks that qualitatively assess the potential benefits of possible NBS, however there is a need for quantitative frameworks that can assess the actual benefits (or performance) of implemented (or existing) NBS. This article presents an evaluation framework that aims to quantify the benefits and co-benefits of implemented NBS. The framework involves five main steps: (1) selection of NBS benefit categories, (2) selection of NBS indicators, (3) calculation of indicator values, (4) calculation of NBS grade, and (5) recommendations. The outcome of the framework is a single numerical grade that reflects the benefit functioning for an NBS site and values for each performance indicator. This information may be used by decision makers to determine their budget allocations to expand or construct a new NBS site, to update maintenance plans that will improve the benefits of that site, to set up programs to monitor the NBS benefits and co-benefits over time, and to schedule labour and resources for other NBS projects. The framework was tested and validated on a case study of NBS in Thailand. Through conversations with stakeholders and knowledge of the case study area, relevant categories and indicators were chosen. Using data and information obtained through various means, values for each indicator and the overall NBS grade were calculated. The values revealed which benefits were pronounced, those that were weak, and where improvements were required.

scholarly journals Are Public Subsidies to Encourage Young Farmers Effective? Case Study of a First-Time Farm Set Up by a Young Female Farmer in the Valencian Region of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9320
Author(s):  
Beatriz Llopis Gilabert ◽  
Isabel Pla Julián
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Valencian Region ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

Generational renewal and the incorporation of women into the rural world are fundamental for the sustainability and modernisation of the agricultural sector. Hence the special government protection granted to the sector, which appears in both European legislation on rural issues and in the global strategy of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Rural Development Goals involving a commitment to measures aimed at helping young farmers to set up agricultural holdings and especially at encouraging women to engage in farm management. In the case of Spain, this is nothing new, given that Law 35/2011 on the Shared Ownership of Agricultural Holdings became a veritable revolution in terms of gender in the rural world when it came into force. The results section discusses the practical application of funding for young farmers to start up an agricultural holding through a technical and economic study, and a case study of a first-time farm set up by a young female farmer. The main contribution of this work lies in answering two questions. The first one is to evaluate the efficiency of the subsidies for young people to set up farms in terms of offering a decent, stable livelihood for young men and women in Spain and the Valencian Region. The second one attempts to verify the effectiveness of both European and Spanish active public policies to encourae young men and women to join the agricultural sector.

Factors that Contribute to the Success of Knowledge Management Communities of Practice

2011 ◽  
pp. 142-170
Author(s):  
Eric W. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up

A community of practice (CoP) is an organizational form that promotes sense making, knowledge management, and learning. It is important to understand how and why these communities form and grow over time. These questions are explored in a qualitative analysis of a knowledge management (KM) community of practice. This case study includes a description of how the organization formed, survived, grew, and matured over a five-year period (1999-2004). Several practices and structures related to CoP development are identified: operations, roles and responsibilities, communications, subgroup structures, use of information technologies, and other aspects of organizing. Using data from several sources (e.g., membership surveys, interviews with key informants, document analysis), four sets of critical success factors are identified: Individual factors, content factors, meeting factors, and organizational factors. These factors are arranged into a descriptive model of the function and structure of CoPs over the life cycle. This work also sheds light on how to set up and successfully grow a community of practice.

scholarly journals CASE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION IN THE PACKAGING INDUSTRY USING THE CYCLIC INNOVATION MODEL

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450033 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS FORD ◽  
PAUL TROTT ◽  
CHRIS SIMMS ◽  
DAP HARTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technology Industries

This paper builds upon Berkhout et al.'s (2010) cyclic innovation model (CIM). This model was shown to provide an effective framework for understanding and managing the innovation process and to address many of the shortcomings of previous models. Building on that article we have applied CIM to an in-depth case study featuring a formable paperboard technology within the packaging industry. Using data gathered from 28 interviews conducted over a three year period, CIM, for the first time, is applied to a low technology industry. In so doing, this paper contributes to a growing body of literature exploring low technology industries and, in turn, demonstrates the wider applicability of CIM beyond technology intensive industries.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods to determine auroral ionospheric conductances using ground-based optical and riometer data

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3831-3840 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Senior ◽  
M. J. Kosch ◽  
F. Honary
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radio ◽  
Hall Conductance ◽  
Incoherent Scatter ◽  
Noise Absorption ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Conductance Ratio ◽  
Cosmic Noise ◽  
Auroral Arcs ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
Magnetic Zenith

Abstract. Ground-based images of auroral optical emissions and cosmic radio noise absorption provide information on particle precipitation which enhances ionospheric conductances. Knowledge of this conductance field is important to understand the current systems associated with auroral features. Three methods of using ground-based optical and riometer data to estimate ionospheric conductances in the aurora are compared to conductances derived from incoherent scatter radar measurements. It is shown that a method using the 557.7 nm emission intensity alone gives the best results for the Pedersen conductance whilst a method using both this intensity and cosmic noise absorption is best for the Hall conductance. A method using cosmic noise absorption alone gives reasonable performance for the Hall conductance and the Hall/Pedersen conductance ratio, but performs poorly for the Pedersen conductance. It also appears to underestimate the Hall conductance significantly during times when softer precipitation is present, for example in discrete auroral arcs. There is some indication that the methods do not degrade noticeably for angles up to ~20° off magnetic zenith.

A Qualitative Study of the Characteristics of a Community of Practice for Knowledge Management and Its Success Factors

2011 ◽  
pp. 1690-1714
Author(s):  
Eric W. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Group Structures

A Community of Practice (CoP) is an organizational form receiving increasing attention as a structure for sense making, knowledge management and learning. The central question addressed in this article is how and why these communities form and grow over time. These questions are explored through a qualitative analysis of a CoP formed to help knowledge management practitioners. In this case study, a description of how the organization formed, survived, grew and matured over a five-year period (1999-2004) is given. Several practices and structures related to CoP development are identified; for example, operations, roles and responsibilities, communications, sub-group structures, use of information technologies and other aspects of organizing. Using data from several sources (e.g., membership surveys, interviews with key informants, document analysis), four sets of factors that have helped this organization succeed are identified: Individual, Content, Meeting and Organizational. These factors are arranged into a preliminary descriptive model of the function and structure of CoPs over the life cycle. To practitioners, the work sheds light on how to set up and successfully grow a community of practice.

scholarly journals Energy distribution of precipitating electrons estimated from optical and cosmic noise absorption measurements

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1613-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mori ◽  
M. Ishii ◽  
Y. Murayama ◽  
M. Kubota ◽  
K. Sakanoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Absorption Data ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
Noise Absorption ◽  
Cosmic Noise

Abstract. This study is a statistical analysis on energy distribution of precipitating electrons, based on CNA (cosmic noise absorption) data obtained from the 256-element imaging riometer in Poker Flat, Alaska (65.11° N, 147.42° W), and optical data measured with an MSP (Meridian Scanning Photometer) over 79 days during the winter periods from 1996 to 1998. On the assumption that energy distributions of precipitating electrons represent Maxwellian distributions, CNA is estimated based on the observation data of auroral 427.8-nm and 630.0-nm emissions, as well as the average atmospheric model, and compared with the actual observation data. Although the observation data have a broad distribution, they show systematically larger CNA than the model estimate. CNA determination using kappa or double Maxwellian distributions, instead of Maxwellian distributions, better explains the distribution of observed CNA data. Kappa distributions represent a typical energy distribution of electrons in the plasma sheet of the magnetosphere, the source region of precipitating electrons. Pure kappas are more likely during quiet times – and quiet times are more likely than active times. This result suggests that the energy distribution of precipitating electrons reflects the energy distribution of electrons in the plasma sheet. Key words. Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; particle precipitation; polar ionosphere)

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