scholarly journals Impact of carbonate saturation on large Caribbean benthic foraminifera assemblages

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 6819-6832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martinez ◽  
Laura Hernández-Terrones ◽  
Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra ◽  
Adina Paytan
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Submarine Springs ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Calcite Saturation ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and its dissolution in seawater have reduced ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, with potential implications on calcifying organisms. To assess the response of large Caribbean benthic foraminifera to low carbonate saturation conditions, we analyzed benthic foraminifers' abundance and relative distribution in surface sediments in proximity to low-carbonate-saturation submarine springs and at adjacent control sites. Our results show that the total abundance of large benthic foraminifera was significantly lower at the low-pH submarine springs than at control sites, although responses were species specific. The relative abundance of high-magnesium, porcelaneous foraminifera was higher than that of hyaline foraminifera at the low-pH springs due to the abundant Archaias angulatus, a chlorophyte-bearing foraminifer, which secretes a large and robust test that is more resilient to dissolution at low-calcite saturation. The different assemblages found at the submarine springs indicate that calcareous symbiont-barren foraminifera are more sensitive to the effects of ocean acidification than agglutinated and symbiont-bearing foraminifera, suggesting that future ocean acidification will likely impact natural benthic foraminifera populations.

scholarly journals Impact of carbonate saturation on large Caribbean benthic foraminifera assemblages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Martinez ◽  
Laura Hernández-Terrones ◽  
Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra ◽  
Adina Paytan
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Submarine Springs ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Calcite Saturation

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and its dissolution in seawater have reduced ocean pH and carbonate ion concentration with potential implications to calcifying organisms. To assess the response of Caribbean benthic foraminifera to low carbonate saturation conditions, we analyzed benthic foraminifera abundance and relative distribution in proximity to low carbonate saturation submarine springs and at adjacent control sites. Our results show that the total abundance of benthic foraminifera is significantly lower at the low pH low calcite saturation submarine springs than at control sites, despite higher concentrations of inorganic carbon at the spring sites. The relative abundance of symbiont-bearing foraminifera and agglutinated foraminifera was higher at the low pH low calcite saturation submarine springs compared to control sites. These differences indicate that non-symbiont bearing heterotrophic calcareous foraminifera are more sensitive to the effects of ocean acidification than non-calcifying and symbiont bearing foraminifera, suggesting that future ocean acidification may impact natural benthic foraminifera populations.

scholarly journals Ocean acidification induces biochemical and morphological changes in the calcification process of large benthic foraminifera

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1803) ◽  
pp. 20142782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Prazeres ◽  
Sven Uthicke ◽  
John M. Pandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Skeletal Density ◽  
Buoyant Weight ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Sediment Formation ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Main Factor

Large benthic foraminifera are significant contributors to sediment formation on coral reefs, yet they are vulnerable to ocean acidification. Here, we assessed the biochemical and morphological impacts of acidification on the calcification of Amphistegina lessonii and Marginopora vertebralis exposed to different pH conditions. We measured growth rates (surface area and buoyant weight) and Ca-ATPase and Mg-ATPase activities and calculated shell density using micro-computer tomography images. In A. lessonii , we detected a significant decrease in buoyant weight, a reduction in the density of inner skeletal chambers, and an increase of Ca-ATPase and Mg-ATPase activities at pH 7.6 when compared with ambient conditions of pH 8.1. By contrast, M. vertebralis showed an inhibition in Mg-ATPase activity under lowered pH, with growth rate and skeletal density remaining constant. While M. vertebralis is considered to be more sensitive than A. lessonii owing to its high-Mg-calcite skeleton, it appears to be less affected by changes in pH, based on the parameters assessed in this study. We suggest difference in biochemical pathways of calcification as the main factor influencing response to changes in pH levels, and that A. lessonii and M. vertebralis have the ability to regulate biochemical functions to cope with short-term increases in acidity.

The coral reef-dwelling Peneroplis spp. shows calcification resilience to ocean acidification conditions - results from culture experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Charrieau ◽  
Katsunori Kimoto ◽  
Delphine Dissard ◽  
Beatrice Below ◽  
Kazuhiko Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Short Period

<p>Ocean acidification is a consequence of current anthropogenic climate changes. The concomitant decrease in pH and carbonate ion concentration in sea water may have severe impacts on calcifying organisms. Coral reefs are among the first ecosystems recognized vulnerable to ocean acidification. Within coral reefs, large benthic foraminifera (LBF) are major calcium carbonate producers.</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying pH on survival and calcification of the symbiont-bearing LBF species <em>Peneroplis</em> spp. We performed culture experiments to study their resistance to ocean acidification conditions, as well as their resilience once placed back under open ocean pH (7.9).</p><p>After three days, small signs of test decalcification were observed on specimens kept at pH 7.4, and severe test decalcification was observed on specimens kept at pH 6.9, with the inner organic lining clearly appearing. After 32 days under pH 7.4, similar strongly decalcified specimens were observed. All the specimens were alive at the end of the experiment. This result demonstrates the resistance of <em>Peneroplis </em>spp. to an acidified pH, at least on a short period of time.</p><p>After being partially decalcified, some of the living specimens were placed back at pH 7.9. After one month, the majority of the specimens showed recalcification features, mostly by addition of new chambers. The trace elements concentrations of the newly formed chambers were analysed by LA-ICPMS. Interestingly, more chambers were added when food was given, which highlights the crucial role of energy source in the recalcification process. Moreover, the newly formed chambers were most of the time abnormal, and the general structure of the tests was altered, with potential impacts on reproduction and in situ survival. In conclusion, if symbiont-bearing LBF show some resistance and resilience to lowered pH conditions, they will remain strongly affected by ocean acidification.</p>

scholarly journals Decrease in volume and density of foraminiferal shells with progressing ocean acidification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azumi Kuroyanagi ◽  
Takahiro Irie ◽  
Shunichi Kinoshita ◽  
Hodaka Kawahata ◽  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Seawater Ph ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Calcification Process ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractRapid increases in anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 partial pressure have led to a decrease in the pH of seawater. Calcifying organisms generally respond negatively to ocean acidification. Foraminifera are one of the major carbonate producers in the ocean; however, whether calcification reduction by ocean acidification affects either foraminiferal shell volume or density, or both, has yet to be investigated. In this study, we cultured asexually reproducing specimens of Amphisorus kudakajimensis, a dinoflagellate endosymbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera (LBF), under different pH conditions (pH 7.7–8.3, NBS scale). The results suggest that changes in seawater pH would affect not only the quantity (i.e., shell volume) but also the quality (i.e., shell density) of foraminiferal calcification. We proposed that pH and temperature affect these growth parameters differently because (1) they have differences in the contribution to the calcification process (e.g., Ca2+-ATPase and Ω) and (2) pH mainly affects calcification and temperature mainly affects photosynthesis. Our findings also suggest that, under the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario, both ocean acidification and warming will have a significant impact on reef foraminiferal carbonate production by the end of this century, even in the tropics.

scholarly journals From laboratory manipulations to earth system models: predicting pelagic calcification and its consequences

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3455-3480 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ridgwell ◽  
D. N. Schmidt ◽  
C. Turley ◽  
C. Brownlee ◽  
M. T. Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Saturation State ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Calcite Saturation ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. The variation in pH-dependent calcification responses of coccolithophores paint a highly incoherent picture, particularly for the most commonly cultured "species", Emiliania huxleyi. The disparity between magnitude and even sign of the calcification change at higher CO2 (lower pH), raises challenges to quantifying future carbon cycle changes and feedbacks, by introducing significant uncertainty in parameterizations used for global models. Putting aside the possibility of methodological differences that introduce an experimental bias, we highlight two pertinent observations that can help resolve conflicting interpretations: (1) a calcification "optimum" in environmental conditions (pH) has been observed in other coccolithophore species, and (2) there exists an unambiguous direction to the CO2-calcification response across mesocosm and shipboard incubations. We propose that an equivalence can be drawn between integrated ecosystem calcification as a function of pH (or other carbonate system parameter such as calcite saturation state) and a widely used description of plankton growth rate vs. temperature – the "Eppley curve". This provides a conceptual framework for reconciling available experimental manipulations as well as a quasi-empirical relationship for ocean acidification impacts on carbonate production that can be incorporated into models. By analogy to the Eppley curve temperature vs. growth rate relationship, progressive ocean acidification in the future may drive a relatively smooth ecosystem response through transition in dominance from more to less heavily calcified coccolithophores in addition to species-specific calcification changes. However, regardless of the model parameterization employed, on a century time-scale, the CO2-calcification effect is a minor control of atmospheric CO2 compared to other C cycle feedbacks or to fossil fuel emissions.

Routine identification of four sympatric species of calanoid copepods Pseudocalanus spp. in the Atlantic Arctic using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Routine Identification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Plankton Communities

Сalanoid copepods of the genus Pseudocalanus play an important role in the plankton communities of the Arctic and boreal seas, often dominating in numbers and constituting a significant proportion of the biomass of zooplankton. Despite their high presence and significance in the shelf plankton communities, species-specific studies of the biology of these are significantly hampered by extremely small morphological differences between them, especially at the juvenile stages, at which they are virtually indistinguishable. In this paper, we describe a new, routine and low-cost molecular method for identifying all Pseudocalanus species found in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic: the Arctic P. acuspes, P. minutus and the boreal P. moultoni and P. elongatus, and apply it to describe the relative distribution of these species in four locations of the Arctic and sub-Arctic. With this method, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (ssPCR), mass identification of individuals of any developmental stage, including nauplii, is possible. This method can serve as an excellent tool for studying the species-specific biology of this group, describing their life cycles, as well as monitoring changes in Arctic marine ecosystems under the influence of changing climate.

scholarly journals The Influence of Ocean Acidification and Warming on DMSP & DMS in New Zealand Coastal Water

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Alexia D. Saint-Macary ◽  
Neill Barr ◽  
Evelyn Armstrong ◽  
Karl Safi ◽  
Andrew Marriner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Higher Temperature

The cycling of the trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) may be affected by future ocean acidification and warming. DMSP and DMS concentrations were monitored over 20-days in four mesocosm experiments in which the temperature and pH of coastal water were manipulated to projected values for the year 2100 and 2150. This had no effect on DMSP in the two-initial nutrient-depleted experiments; however, in the two nutrient-amended experiments, warmer temperature combined with lower pH had a more significant effect on DMSP & DMS concentrations than lower pH alone. Overall, this indicates that future warming may have greater influence on DMS production than ocean acidification. The observed reduction in DMSP at warmer temperatures was associated with changes in phytoplankton community and in particular with small flagellate biomass. A small decrease in DMS concentration was measured in the treatments relative to other studies, from −2% in the nutrient-amended low pH treatment to −16% in the year 2150 pH and temperature conditions. Temporal variation was also observed with DMS concentration increasing earlier in the higher temperature treatment. Nutrient availability and community composition should be considered in models of future DMS.

scholarly journals Response of large benthic foraminifera to climate and local changes: Implications for future carbonate production

Sedimentology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita R. Narayan ◽  
Claire E. Reymond ◽  
Marleen Stuhr ◽  
Steve Doo ◽  
Christiane Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera
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