BioLink: Linking belowground biodiversity and ecosystem function in European forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Godbold ◽  
Mark Bakker ◽  
Ivanno Brunner ◽  
Martin Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
European Forests ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Belowground Diversity

<p>Biodiversity of ecosystems is an important driver for the supply of ecosystem services to people. Soils often have a larger biodiversity per unit surface area than what can be observed aboveground. Here, we present what is to our knowledge, the most extensive literature-based key-word assessment of the existing information about the relationships between belowground biodiversity and ecosystem services in European forests. The belowground diversity of plant roots, fungi, prokaryota, soil fauna, and protists was evaluated in relation to the supply of Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural, and Supporting Services. The soil biota were divided into 14 subgroups and the ecosystem services into 37 separate services. Out of the 518 possible combinations of biotic groups and ecosystem services, no published study was found for 374 combinations (72%). Of the remaining 144 combinations (28%) where relationships were found, the large majority (87%) showed a positive relationship between biodiversity of a belowground biotic group and an associated ecosystem service. We concluded that (1) soil biodiversity is generally positively related to ecosystem services in European forests; (2) the links between soil biodiversity and Cultural or Supporting services are better documented than those relating to Provisioning and Regulating services; (3) there is a huge knowledge gap for most possible combinations of soil biota and ecosystem services regarding how a more biodiverse soil biota is associated with a given ecosystem service. Given the drastically increasing societal demand for knowledge of the role of biodiversity in the functioning of ecosystems and the supply of ecosystem services, we strongly encourage the scientific community to conduct well-designed studies incorporating the belowground diversity and the functions and services associated with this diversity.</p>

Biodiversity–ecosystem function

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Simon F. Thrush ◽  
Judi E. Hewitt ◽  
Conrad A. Pilditch ◽  
Alf Norkko
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Service Relationships ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Up Scaling

This chapter looks at the links between biodiversity and ecosystem function in soft sediments to help understand the implications of biodiversity loss on ecosystem services. The chapter contains a focus on the challenges in developing real-world tests of biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationships. The various forms of BEF relationships, their implications and the different elements of biodiversity that link to function are described. Given the multiple functions that occur in soft-sediment ecosystems, this has important implications for the assessment and implications of BEF relationships and functional performance in the up-scaling of BEF relationships. The role of BEF in underpinning many ecosystem services and the interconnections in biodiversity and ecosystem service relationships close out the chapter.

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Gender in Identifying and Prioritizing Local Ecosystem Services of Trees in Croplands

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tuemay Tassew ◽  
Gebru Eyasu
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
T Test ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Local Ecosystem

The overall objective of the study was to assess and compare the role of gender in identifying and prioritizing the ecosystem services of trees in croplands. The research was carried out in croplands and species inventory in each cropland was conducted during field observations of every tree species by interviewing the local farmers and/or villagers. A questionnaire containing both close-ended and open-ended questions were designed to collect information about the role of gender in identifying and prioritizing the ecosystem services supplied by each tree species in croplands based on local communities. A total of 15 ecosystem services were identified from trees in croplands by both men and women. The number and type of ecosystem services identified by men and women were different. The differences could be due to different access and benefits from ecosystem services. As a result, their perception and knowledge of ecosystem services could also vary. After identification of each ecosystem service, a paired two-tail t-test was conducted whether the list of individual score values given to each local ecosystem services identified by both men and women were the same or not. The statistical result of the paired t-test showed that the score values of all the ecosystem services that are only identified by both men and women were not statistically significant. This can imply that the commonly identified ecosystem services have more or less similar importance to men and women. The findings in this research demonstrate that ecosystem services identification might cause gender biases on women due to neglected control and access to the ecosystem services of trees in croplands which in turn could have an impact on tree resource management, conservation, and development interventions. Therefore, integrating women in ecosystem service access and control can help build various experiences of gender and balanced institutions which can aid collective and effective tree and forest resource management and to maximize the benefits for all beneficiaries of the ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Herramientas científicas para la adaptación al cambio climático: Estimo y optimización de la eficiencia de provisión de los servicios de ecosistemas

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Villa ◽  
Ken Bagstad ◽  
Gary Johnson ◽  
Brian Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Service Flow ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
The Way

<div data-canvas-width="378.77664773160035">Adaptation to the consequences of climate change can depend on efficient use of ecosys tem services (ES), i.e. a better use of natural services through management of the way in which they are delivered to society. While much discussion focuses on reducing consumption and increasing production of services, a lack of scientific instruments has so far prevented other mechanisms to improve ecosystem services efficiency from being addressed systematically as an adaptation strategy. This paper describes new methodologies for assessing ecosystem services and quantifying their values to humans, highlighting the role of ecosystem service flow analysis in optimizing the efficiency of ES provision.</div>

scholarly journals Effects of agricultural soil management practices on soil microbiota across Europe – investigations in seven long term field experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Arias ◽  
Gema Guzmán ◽  
José A. Gómez ◽  
Manuel Anguita-Maeso ◽  
Dumitria Dascalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
General Terms

&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, soil quality has been assessed through physical, chemical and biological properties without paying attention to soil biota and the different associated ecosystem services provided (Tyler, 2019). To fill that gap, the european BiodivERsA &amp;#8220;SoilMan&amp;#8221; project (Ecosystem services driven by the diversity of soil biota &amp;#8211; understanding and management in agriculture) is focused on the relations among soil management, soil biodiversity, and ecosystem services, at seven different management gradients in agricultural long term observations (LTO&amp;#8217;s) trials across Europe (France &amp;#8220;SOERE-PROs EFELE&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;SOERE-ACBB Lusigan&amp;#8221;, Romania &amp;#8220;Turda&amp;#8221;, Sweden &amp;#8220;Angermanland&amp;#8221; and &amp;#8220;S&amp;#228;by-Uppland&amp;#8221;, Germany &amp;#8220;Garte S&amp;#252;d&amp;#8221; and Spain &amp;#8220;La Hampa&amp;#8221;). Management gradients covered different tillage regimes (zero, minimum and conventional) and different crop rotations (crop types and duration).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the present study, we characterised the bacterial and fungal communities of soils from the different countries and agricultural managements in arable land. The samplings were carried out following the same methodology in all the countries during 2017-2018 when wheat was sown in the LTO&amp;#8217;s. The soil DNA was extracted and subjected to metabarcoding analysis of 16S and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for bacterial and fungal community analysis, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Different alpha diversity metrics, including number of OTUs, Simpsons and Shannon indexes, as well as beta diversity distances (weighted and unweighted UNIFRAC, Jaccard and Bray-Curtis) were calculated. Multidimensional Scaling ordination plots (PCoA) were used to visualize the existence of community gradients among locations and soil managements. All the statistical data&amp;#160; procedure&amp;#160; was analysed using the vegan R package (Oksanen, 2011).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In general terms, results show that alpha diversity for both bacteria and fungi, clearly differs among countries while soil management effects are less defined among and within countries. Concerning the beta diversity indexes, communities tend to cluster more according to the spatial location than due to the soil management regimen. This is especially true for fungal communities. Further analysis will identify possible correlations of bacterial and fungal communities with environmental variables and other physicochemical and biological soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oksanen, J. (2011). Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Communities in R: vegan tutorial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tyler, H. L. (2019). Bacterial community composition under long-term reduced tillage and no till management. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 126(6), 1797&amp;#8211;1807. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14267&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Basketry as an ecosystem service of wetlands: traditional crafts in central Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. e115
Author(s):  
José Fajardo ◽  
Alonso Verde ◽  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Alejandro Del Moral ◽  
Emilio Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

Ecosystem services from wetlands include products such as food, water, fibers, timber, medicinal plants, and genetic resources for agriculture. One of the most abundant supplies is the raw material for basketry. In this study we aim to document the role of wetland plants as resources for basketry and broom-making in the Guadiana river basin and to analyze the local traditional knowledge of the species used in the area. We describe different types of baskets and other artifacts, and document basketry techniques. We found 30 species belonging to 12 families, 18 of them occurring in wetlands, four in irrigated fields, and seven in the adjacent dry territories. Twenty species are used in the manufacture of brooms. Twenty two types of basketry artifacts are described with their uses. The area shows a relevant cultural heritage, not merely as it was in the past, but also adapted to the new cultural and social contexts. The degradation and loss of wetlands in central Spain threatens these ecosystems and their associated cultural heritage. We suggest the declaration of this intangible human heritage as the “Culture of the Mediterranean Wetlands” before it disappears.

scholarly journals Building towards the marine conservation end‐game: consolidating the role of MPAs in a future ocean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Spalding ◽  
Imen Meliane ◽  
Nathan Bennett ◽  
Philip Dearden ◽  
Pawan G. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Marine Protection ◽  
Definition Of

Progress on spatial conservation efforts in marine environments is often summarized with the simplistic metric of extent. However, targets require a more nuanced view, where ecological effectiveness, biodiversity, representation, connectivity and ecosystem services must all be recognized. Furthermore, these targets must be achieved through equitable processes and produce equitable outcomes.This paper calls for a clearer definition of what is to be ‘counted’ in assessing progress in marine conservation, through the use of both traditionally defined marine protected areas and a limited subset of other equivalent areas. It calls for future effort to draw a clear distinction between non‐extractive areas such as no‐take marine reserves, and the more numerous extractive areas. To be considered protected, sites must be ecologically effective, and be equitably managed to support all stakeholders.Spatial extent of coverage is only one constituent part of conservation effort, however, and much greater effort is needed to ensure that sites are selected to achieve optimum conservation outcomes for biodiversity and for ecosystem services. The paper reviews some of the existing views and approaches to defining and delimiting marine protection priorities.It recommends that with a clearer set of metrics for defining protection, and for assessing progress and setting future targets, marine conservation will be better placed to achieve lasting outcomes, including halting biodiversity loss and securing or enhancing ecosystem service provision. Protected spaces will continue to play a major role in future oceans, but they also need to be configured within a wider spatial framework.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

The issue of radioactive contamination in context of ecosystem services development

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chobotko ◽  
L. Raychuk ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Type Region ◽  
State Register ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Radiation Contamination ◽  
Logical Research

The aim of the article was to defi ne the role of the radioactive environment contamination in the formation of ecosystem services strategy. Methods. Monographic, systemic and structural, factor analysis, abstract and logical research methods have been used. The data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, materials of scientifi c researches, international materials and reports and other literary sources on the issues investigated have been used as an information base. Results. Retrospective analysis of sources and state of radioactive eco- systems contamination was conducted and the priority steps in developing the concept of ecosystem services in conditions of radiation contamination were found. Conclusions. The current socio-ecological paradigm of the transition from environmental use to environmental management should be refl ected in the relevant envi- ronmental management mechanisms. Currently, when assessing the state of ecosystem services in Ukraine and worldwide one must take into account the changes in food demand of residents of radioactively contaminated areas, the exploitation of radioactively safe ecosystems growth, their overload and degradation. All of this re- quires an inventory of ecosystem services by type, region, consumers, etc. and the formation of a state register of ecosystem services with a clear assignment of area of responsibility for appropriate natural ecosystems. This will help to make the economic evaluation of different ecosystem services and mechanisms of charges for ecosystem services.

Productive role of agroforestry system in context of ecosystem services in district Dir lower, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hayat ◽  
Tianshan Zha ◽  
Syed Moazzam Nizami ◽  
Saeed Gulzar ◽  
Alamgir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Productive Role
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