An enhanced river routing scheme for the closure of global water budget
<p>Large-scale river routing schemes are essential to close the hydrological cycle in fully coupled<span>&#160;</span>Earth System Models (ESMs). The availability of a realistic water flow is a powerful instrument to evaluate modeled land surface, a crucial component of the global climate whos<span>e&#160;</span>properties are often simplified by heavy parameterization, due to lack of process knowledge and<span>&#160;</span>validation data.<span>&#160;</span>We built up a new concept of river routing model, named HYDROS (HYdro-Dynamic ROuting Scheme), that replaces the present scheme embedded in the CMCC-CM2 global coupled model.<span>&#160;</span>The new scheme aims at overcoming one of the current major limitations,<span>&#160;</span>that is the use of time-independent flow velocities parameterized as a function of topography.<span>&#160;</span>Through the imposition of hydraulic equations, HYDROS defines a time-varying flow velocity<span>&#160;</span>associated with the amount of lateral runoff generated by the ESM's land component and the flow through the<span>&#160;</span>river system.<span> Compared to the scheme currently in place,</span> HYDROS show improvements in the simulation of mean annual discharge phase, especially for the Arctic rivers and<span>&#160;</span>the Amazon. In&#160;<span>the Mississippi case</span>,<span>&#160;</span><span>an extreme</span>&#160;flood episode&#160;<span>is</span> better caught by the new representation, indicating that the improved flow velocity better catches the discharge peaks after extreme rainfalls. The new routing model<span>&#160;</span>is not able to improve the volumes of simulated river discharge,&#160;<span>whose</span>&#160;magnitude depends on<span>&#160;</span>the ability of the ESM land surface scheme to generate correct surface and sub-surface runoff. Once implemented in coupled mode, HYDROS will guarantee a plausible amount and timing of freshwater discharge into the global ocean, unveiling possible unresolved feedback mechanisms occurring in proximity of river mouths<span>.</span></p>