Current knowledge and future perspectives on soil drying and rewetting, by the scientific community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert C. Brangarí ◽  
Lettice Hicks ◽  
Ainara Leizeaga ◽  
Johannes Rousk
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Group Experience ◽  
Birch Effect ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>Drying and rewetting events induce enormous dynamics in soil biogeochemistry, known as the “Birch effect”. A series of laboratory studies have shown that during this phenomenon, respiration and microbial growth are uncoupled. In addition, it has been found that soil microorganisms exhibit one of two different response-patterns, the dynamics of which are strongly regulated by the harshness of the moisture disturbance experienced by soil microbes. Despite the potential significance of these responses for the global carbon cycle, the characteristics and mechanisms underlying them are still unclear.</p><p>In order to shed some light on the current status of research in this field, we will present the outcomes of an international workshop organized in Lund in November 2019. During it, we integrated researchers from different environments in order to identify knowledge-gaps and tackle outstanding and new challenges in this field. We will review the characteristics of the growth and respiration responses to moisture fluctuations and the putative mechanisms and factors governing them. We will also discuss the advantages of combining empirical and modelling approaches by using our own group experience as a case example.</p>

Current Status of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ahmad Dakeel Al Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and the complications may be life-threatening; however, with proper treatment and control measures, it can be very well-managed. Self-management training and education of diabetes are critical in diabetes care and management. It is essential that patients with diabetes must have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the disease, risk factors, complications, and possible treatment modalities to attenuate the complications. Over the last few years, DM in Saudi Arabia has been rapidly growing at an alarming rate. It has affected around one-fifth of the adult population, and by 2030, the numbers are predicted to rise further and exceed more than double the present number. An estimated tenfold increase has been reported over the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, there has not been much research focusing on understanding the knowledge and awareness of DM in Saudi Arabia as compared to developed nations. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge and awareness level of DM among the population of Saudi Arabia through an extensive review of the currently available literature. The review findings could be of immense assistance to the government, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and researchers to develop evidence-based programs, policies, and guidelines towards increasing the knowledge and awareness about diabetes and its management, so that early detection and management can be ensured to control the escalating burden of diabetes, in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Current Status of- and Future Perspectives in- Bacterial Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Nzila ◽  
Musa M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which consist of low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) and high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs), form an important class of pollutants. Pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are the main pollutants belonging to HMW-PAHs, and their degradation by microorganisms remains an important strategy for their removal from the environments. Extensive studies have been carried out on the isolation and characterisation of microorganisms that actively degrade LMW-PAHs, and to a certain extent, the HMW-PAH pyrene. However, so far, limited work has been carried out on BaP biodegradation. BaP consists of five fused aromatic rings, which confers this compound a high stability, rendering it less amenable to biodegradation. The current review summarizes the emerging reports on BaP biodegradation. More specifically, work carried out on BaP bacterial degradation and current knowledge gaps that limit our understanding of BaP degradation are highlighted. Moreover, new avenues of research on BaP degradation are proposed, specifically in the context of the development of “omics” approaches

Some clues to the nature of semantic development

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Donaldson ◽  
James McGarrigle
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Different Response

ABSTRACTStudies of comprehension of the quantifiers all and more are reported. The subjects were children between the ages of three and five. There were two main conditions. In one of these the objects to which the quantifiers related were enclosed in containers which either were or were not filled by the objects. In the other no containers were present. These conditions yielded substantially different response patterns. The relation of the findings to those typically obtained from Piagetian conservation tasks is discussed; and the implications for theories of semantic development are considered.

Two novel tetraphenylethylene-skeleton salamo-type fluorescent probes: Specific recognition of cyanide through different response patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Xia Sun ◽  
Zhuang-Zhuang Chen ◽  
Geng Guo ◽  
Ruo-Yu Li ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Specific Recognition ◽  
Different Response

Based on tetraphenylethylene as the skeleton, two novel salamo-type fluorescent probes (TPES1 = 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((-2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) oxime and TPES2 = bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) dioxime) were designed and synthesized. Through the colorimetric and...

scholarly journals Current Status of the Astrometric Capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors

1991 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
W.H. Jefferys ◽  
G.F. Benedict ◽  
R.L. Duncombe ◽  
O.G. Franz ◽  
L.W. Fredrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Optical Axis ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
Wavefront Error

AbstractThe Fine Guidance Sensors (FGSs) are the instrument of choice for most astrometric measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The observed amount of spherical aberration in the Ritchey Chretien optical system does not affect positional measurements with perfectly aligned FGSs because they are interferometers. The FGSs combine wavefronts from points in the exit pupil with other points which are at the same radial distance from the optical axis. Asymmetric aberrations such as coma and astigmatism do affect the measured positions. The current knowledge of the HST wavefront error, the FGS operation and the implications for milliarcsecond relative astrometry are discussed. It is still planned to use the HST to tie the HIPPARCOS and VLBI Reference Frames together at the few milliarcsecond level.

scholarly journals SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME: THE CURRENT STATUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Manisha Shrestha ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Current Status ◽  
American Society

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent and serious problem faced by clinicians in day to day practice and is a major factor of intensive care morbidity and mortality. The American College of Chest Physicians and the American Society of Critical Care Medicine in 1991 published definitions and criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome.  Since then many researches have been undertaken  to better understand the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and to determine the accuracy of its diagnostic criteria. The criteria set by the 1991 consensus  is still popularly  used  today. However,  with  the current  knowledge   on this matter many researchers have put forward the need of refinement in the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome defined by 1991 consensus. This article aims to review  the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis,  treatment and the current views regarding SIRS.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 56-61

Rapid Methods and Automation: A Survey of Professional Microbiologists

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL Y. C. FUNG ◽  
NELSON A. COX ◽  
MILLICENT C. GOLDSCHMIDT ◽  
J. STANLEY BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Near Future

Participants of an international workshop on rapid methods and automation were surveyed concerning the numbers of total plate counts and coliform counts performed per year, the numbers and kinds of pathogen detection tests routinely performed, and the type of instruments and diagnostic kits routinely used in their laboratories. The candid opinions on what is needed in the near future and the general perceptions of the field of rapid methods and automation in microbiology and their wish list were also solicited. Responses from 55 professional practicing microbiologists were analyzed. The data should be of interest to educators and the developers of instruments and diagnostic kits as well as applied microbiologists concerned with the current status and future development of the field of rapid methods and automation in microbiology

Exploring the Role of Complexity, Content and Individual Differences in Aesthetic Reactions to Semi-Abstract Art Photographs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-119
Author(s):  
Nathalie Vissers ◽  
Pieter Moors ◽  
Dominique Genin ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Science Collaboration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Response

Artistic photography is an interesting, but often overlooked, medium within the field of empirical aesthetics. Grounded in an art–science collaboration with art photographer Dominique Genin, this project focused on the relationship between the complexity of a photograph and its aesthetic appeal (beauty, pleasantness, interest). An artistic series of 24 semi-abstract photographs that play with multiple layers, recognisability vs unrecognizability and complexity was specifically created and selected for the project. A large-scale online study with a broad range of individuals (n = 453, varying in age, gender and art expertise) was set up. Exploratory data-driven analyses revealed two clusters of individuals, who responded differently to the photographs. Despite the semi-abstract nature of the photographs, differences seemed to be driven more consistently by the ‘content’ of the photograph than by its complexity levels. No consistent differences were found between clusters in age, gender or art expertise. Together, these results highlight the importance of exploratory, data-driven work in empirical aesthetics to complement and nuance findings from hypotheses-driven studies, as they allow to go further than a priori assumptions, to explore underlying clusters of participants with different response patterns, and to point towards new venues for future research. Data and code for the analyses reported in this article can be found at https://osf.io/2fws6/.

Current status of canine cancer registration - report from an international workshop

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nødtvedt ◽  
O. Berke ◽  
B. N. Bonnett ◽  
L. Brønden
Keyword(s):  
International Workshop ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Canine Cancer

scholarly journals Impact of nutrition on canine behaviour: current status and possible mechanisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bosch ◽  
B. Beerda ◽  
W. H. Hendriks ◽  
A. F. B. van der Poel ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Problem Behaviour ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Each year, millions of dogs worldwide are abandoned by their owners, relinquished to animal shelters, and euthanised because of behaviour problems. Nutrition is rarely considered as one of the possible contributing factors of problem behaviour. This contribution presents an overview of current knowledge on the influence of nutrition on canine behaviour and explores the underlying mechanisms by which diet may affect behaviour in animals. Behaviour is regulated by neurotransmitters and hormones, and changes in the availability of their precursors may influence behaviour. Tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, may affect the incidence of aggression, self-mutilation and stress resistance. The latter may also be influenced by dietary tyrosine, a precursor to catecholamines. As diet composition, nutrient availability and nutrient interactions affect the availability of these precursors in the brain, behaviour or stress resistance may be affected. PUFA, especially DHA, have an important role as structural constituents in brain development, and dietary supply ofn-3 andn-6 PUFA could modify aspects of the dopaminergic and serotonergic system and, consequently, cognitive performance and behaviour. Finally, persistent feeding motivation between meals can increase stereotyped behaviour and aggression and decrease resting time. This feeding motivation may be altered by dietary fibre content and source. At present, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of nutrition in canine (problem) behaviour through the above mentioned mechanisms. Studies that explore this relationship may help to improve the welfare of dogs and their owners.

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