Characterization and valorization of the waste from the abandoned Kettara mine and the gypsum quarry in Sidi Tijji (Marrakech-Safi Region, Morocco).

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-887 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Assma Bouiji ◽

Omar witam ◽

Mounsif Ibnoussina

Keyword(s):

Cultural Change ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Research Work ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Waste Products ◽

Integrated Recovery

In Morocco, no measures have been taken to manage residual waste from operational or abandoned mining and quarries sites.Indeed, significant quantities of mine waste, composed of concentrator residues and sterile waste, have been abandoned after the closure of operations without any effective management or rehabilitation planning.These residues could have harmful impacts on the environment: soil and water pollution, destruction or disturbance of natural habitats, visual impact on the countryside...The valorization and sustainable management of mining waste appear to be adequate solutions to major environmental problems. The construction sector can be a profitable sector to absorb chemically stable mining waste.The objective of this research work is to study the feasibility of recycling waste from the abandoned Kettara mine (Morocco) and gypsum waste rock in Sidi Tijji (Morocco) as raw materials in construction materials.The study consists first of a geological characterization and then a characterization of the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the residues, followed by an evaluation of the mechanical properties of the composite mixtures based on the chemically stable residues.The Kettara mine is located in the Jbilet Central Mountains, 30 km northwest of Marrakech. Geologically, the pyrrhotite district of Kettara corresponds to the outcrop area of the volcano-sedimentary series of Saghlef shales. For the gypsum quarry at Sidi Tijji, which is part of the Safi basin, characterized by Jurassic outcrops essentially formed by gypsum and carbonate formations.Mineralogical and chemical analysis have shown that these waste products are still rich in minerals such as the waste from the Kettara mine; the FeO3 concentrated amounts to 55.6%. In addition, gypsum waste rock represents a concentration of 28.9% CaO. Therefore, a low water content for the majority of samples.Adapting to the principles of integrated recovery and management of mining and quarry waste requires a cultural change within the industry, but also in the ministries concerned.Keywords: Valorization, mine waste, mines and quarries, construction materials.

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Mine waste reuse and reprocessing: an important step for the implementation of the circular economy in Europe

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7764 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Françoise Bodénan ◽

Yannick Ménard ◽

Patrick d'Hugues

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Management Approach ◽

Secondary Resources ◽

Mineral Fraction ◽

Long Term Treatment

Whereas there are growing needs for mineral resources (metals for the energy and digital transitions and construction materials), the mining industry must produce them from poorer, more heterogeneous and more complex deposits. Therefore, volumes of mine waste produced (including tailings) are also increasing and add up to waste from mining legacy. For example in Europe (x27): 732 Mtons of extractive waste are generated per year and more than 1.2 Btons of legacy waste are stored all over the European territory. The localisation (and potential hazards) are well known and covered by the inventories carried out in EU countries under the Mining Waste Directive. At the same time, Europe is implementing the circular economy approach and put a lot of emphasis on the resource efficiency concept. In this context, reprocessing operation to recover both metals and mineral fraction is studied with the objective of combing waste management (reducing final waste storage and long-term impact) and material production from secondary resources. Numerous industrial experiences of reprocessing of mine waste and tailings exist all over the world to recover metals such as copper, gold or critical raw materials - CRM They concern mainly active mine where both primary and secondary resources are considered in profitable operations; for example in Chile, South Africa, Australia. Mineral fraction recovery is often not considered which still leaves the industry with a high volume of residual minerals to store and manage. In addition, legacy mining waste are potentially available for reprocessing. In this case, numerous mining liabilities issues need to be managed. Some of the European legacy mining waste have residual valuable metals that could be recovered but some of them have very low metal contents. In Europe, classical rehabilitation operations &#8211; usually at the charge of member states and local authorities &#8211; is the priority and concern the reduction of instabilities and impacts to the environment including heap remodelling, covering and water management with long-term treatment. Completing this risk management approach by a circular economy one is a very active R&D subject in EU27. This presentation will give an overview of EU research projects which tackled the legacy mining waste challenge from inventory to process development. Several process flowsheets to recover metals were designed and tested on several case studies with CRM &#8211; REE, Co, W, Sb, etc. Initiatives to reuse mineral fraction are also underway and should be ready for commercialisation in the coming years. Resources efficiency concept and the circular economy implementation starts on mining sites. In order to facilitate the implementation of this approach, the technical solutions will need to be included in innovative global initiatives covering also legal (liability management), environmental (Life Cycle Analysis approaches) and social (acceptance) questions.

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Carbohydrate-Based Advanced Biomaterials for Food Sustainability: A Review

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.842.182 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 842 ◽

pp. 182-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arantzazu Valdés ◽

María Carmen Garrigós

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Modern Human ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Waste Products ◽

Timber Products ◽

Advanced Biomaterials ◽

Processing Properties

The quality and safety of processed food strongly depend on their packaging and the protection that it provides. The increasing accumulation of synthetic non-biodegradable plastics in the environment represents a threat to the natural habitats. This has lead companies and researchers to explore different ways to develop bio-based polymers made from a variety of agricultural commodities and/or food waste products. Recently, plant-based polysaccharides such as hemicelluloses and celluloses have attracted attention as replacements for petroleum-based materials. In this context, the cell wall composition determines the quality of most plant-based products used in modern human societies. Nutritional and processing properties of plant-based foods are heavily influenced by wall properties. Fibres for textiles, paper manufacture, timber products and now, for fuel and bio-composites manufacture, are largely composed of, or derived from, walls. As the largest source of renewable carbon, plant cell walls have a critical future role in providing transport fuels, food security, functional foods to improve human health, and as raw materials for industrial processes. The use of cellulose materials as polysaccharides source offers the possibility of obtaining new advanced biomaterials for fresh or processed foods sustainability. In this review, the cell wall metabolism, extraction and hydrolyzation of polysaccharides in different microorganisms and plants, and their application for the development of new carbohydrate-based advanced biomaterials that can be applied for the food industry are reported.

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Retention of Pollutants Elements from Mine Tailings of Lead in Geopolymers for Construction

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206184 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6184

Author(s):

Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽

Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽

Ana María Castañón ◽

Fernando Gómez-Fernández ◽

Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias

Keyword(s):

Mine Tailings ◽

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

New Construction ◽

Alkaline Activator

The construction sector is one of the most demanding sectors of raw materials in existence today. As a consequence, the extraction of these materials has a significant impact on the environment. At the same time, mining activities produce a series of wastes, in some cases with polluting elements, which must be treated to avoid pollution. Therefore, the use of mining waste for the conformation of new construction materials is an important environmental advantage, even more so when such waste is prevented from producing polluting leachates. Therefore, in this research, geopolymers are developed with mine tailings from the Linares lead mines, chemically activated with potassium hydroxide. For this purpose, different percentages of the alkaline activator were tested and the physical and mechanical properties of the conformed materials were evaluated. The analysis of the different conformed geopolymers determined the optimum percentage of potassium hydroxide for conforming the geopolymer with the best mechanical and physical properties. In addition, the concentration in the leachate of potentially contaminating chemical elements in the mining waste was estimated to be lower than those regulated by the regulations. Consequently, this research shows the development of a sustainable material for construction with mining waste and reduction of the environmental impact of traditional products.

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Experimental Research on Strength Properties of Concrete (M60) Partially Fine Aggregate Replaced with Waste Crushed Glass.

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c6705.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 700-704

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Research Work ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Strength Test ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Acid Attack ◽

Chloride Permeability ◽

Split Tensile Strength

Due to increased construction practices there was a very high demand in consumption of raw materials that are to be used in concrete. In the raw materials, sand is one of the major construction materials that is consumed adequately. It’s presence will be vanished due to excessive digging .The effect will be to the nearby localities .As well the stability hydraulic structures nearby river banks will be affected with this. To reduce digging practices the fine aggregate was partially replaced with waste crushed glass in 0%,10%,20%,30% andv40% along with 0.25%Super plasticizer SP 430 to achieve workability. The crushed glass is non-biodegradable and cannot be disposed off, also causes several environmental effects. By utilizing this waste as a useful material in the form as replacing material of fine aggregate we can reduce the waste content and in the same way it can be used as a resource. In order to check the concrete strength and durability tests like Compressive strength test, Split tensile strength test, Flexural strength test for 7,14,28 days curing and acid attack test, rapid chloride permeability test, Abrasion tests were conducted. SEM tests are also conducted on concrete with replaced fine aggregate. The current research work describes the proper utilization of waste crushed glass as a useful construction material.

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Potential of Mechanochemically Activated Sulfidic Mining Waste Rock for Alkali Activation

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy ◽

10.1007/s40831-021-00466-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

He Niu ◽

Lugas Raka Adrianto ◽

Alexandra Gomez Escobar ◽

Vladimir Zhukov ◽

Priyadharshini Perumal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Chemical Reactivity ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Alkali Activation ◽

Curing Conditions ◽

Grinding Mechanism ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared

Abstract Sulfidic mining waste rock is a side stream from the mining industry with a potential environmental burden. Alkali activation is a promising method for transforming mining waste into construction materials. However, the low reactivity of minerals can be a sizeable challenge in alkali activation. In the present study, the reactivity of waste rock was enhanced by mechanochemical treatment with a LiCl-containing grinding aid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) analysis were utilized to display the structural alteration of individual minerals. A schematic implication of the grinding mechanism of mica was provided according to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The alkaline solubility displayed the enhanced chemical reactivity of the waste rock, in which Si and Al solubility increased by roughly 10 times and 40 times, respectively. The amorphization of aluminosilicate is achieved through chemical assisted mechanochemical activation. Sulfidic waste rock, as the sole precursor in alkali activation, achieved a 28-day compressive strength exceeding 10 MPa under ambient curing conditions. The simulation of the upscaled grinding process was conducted via the HSC Chemistry® software with a life-cycle assessment. The results showed that mining waste rock can be a promising candidate for geopolymer production with a lower carbon footprint, compared to traditional Portland cement. Graphical Abstract

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Effect of Wheat Straw Ash on Fresh and Hardened Concrete Reinforced with Jute Fiber

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6659125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naraindas Bheel ◽

Samiullah Sohu ◽

Paul Awoyera ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Suhail Ahmed Abbasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Research Work ◽

Jute Fiber ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Waste Products ◽

Sustainable Environment ◽

Mix Proportion ◽

Basic Source ◽

Straw Ash

In the present era, a number of researchers are using either industrial or agricultural priceless products as a basic source of raw materials for the construction industry. These waste products are economical and helpful in producing a sustainable environment and reducing environmental pollution, which is called handling waste products. However, this research work was conducted on concrete containing 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% of jute fiber as reinforcement material and 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of wheat straw ash (WSA) as replacement for fine aggregates. Moreover, the separate and combined effect of jute fiber and WSA as a replacement for sand ingredient in concrete is to determine the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. In this research, a number of concrete samples were prepared with 1 : 1.5 : 3 mix proportion at 0.54 water-cement ratio and cured at 28 days. The experimental outcomes displayed that the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths improved by 32.88 MPa, 3.80 MPa, and 5.30 MPa at 0.50% of jute fiber along with 30% of WSA at 28 days consistently. Similarly, the modulus of elasticity was developed while the dosages of jute fiber and WSA increased together in concrete. Moreover, the permeability and workability of concrete were reduced while utilized jute fiber and WSA increased together in concrete.

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Preliminary Contamination Risk Assessment of Mining Waste Using Spatial Analysis and Geochemical Characterization of Rock Formations. Case Study in Hungary

Journal of Environmental Geography ◽

10.2478/jengeo-2014-0007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3-4) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdelaal

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Spatial Analysis ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Expert Judgment ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Toxic Element ◽

Laboratory Analysis ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Element Content ◽

Rock Formations

Abstract The Mine Waste Directive (2006/21/EC) requires the risk-based inventory of all mine waste sites in Europe. The geochemical documentation concerning inert classification and ranking of the mine wastes requires specific field study and laboratory testing and analyses of waste material to assess the Acid Mine Drainage potential and toxic element mobility. The procedure applied in this study used a multi-level decision support scheme for the inert classification of waste rock material including: 1) expert judgment, 2) data review, 3) representative field sampling and laboratory analysis and testing of rock formations listed in the National Inert Mining Waste List, and 4) requesting available laboratory analysis data from selected operating mines. Based on a preliminary expert judgment, the listed formations were classified into three categories. A: inert B: probably inert, but has to be checked, C: probably not inert, has to be examined. This paper discusses the heavy metal contamination risk assessment (RA) in the Hungarian quarrymine waste sites. In total 30 waste sites (including both abandoned mines and active quarries) were selected for scientific testing using the EU Pre-selection Protocol. Altogether 93 field samples were collected from the waste sites including andesite, rhyolite, coal (lignite and black coals), peat, alginite, bauxite, clay and limestone. Laboratory analyses of the total toxic element content (aqua regia extraction), the mobile toxic element content (deionized water leaching) carried out according to the Hungarian GKM Decree No. 14/2008. (IV.3) concerning mining waste management. A detailed geochemical study together with spatial analysis and GIS were performed to derive a geochemically sound contamination RA of the mine waste sites. Key parameters such as heavy metals, in addition to the landscape metric parameter such as the distance to the nearest surface and ground water bodies, or to sensitive receptors such as settlements and protected areas calculated and statistically evaluated in order to calibrate the RA methods. Results show that some of the waste rock materials, assumed to be inert, were found non-inert. Thus, regional RA needs more spatial and petrological examination with special care to rock and mineral deposit genetics.

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Roofing Materials Based on Synthetic Rubbers with Additives - Waste Products

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 869 ◽

pp. 449-455

Author(s):

Malik N. Abdikarimov ◽

Raushan Turgumbayeva ◽

Saule Sagintaeva ◽

Gulim Bergenzhanova ◽

Ainura Rasmukhametova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Environmental Pollution ◽

Sharp Increase ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Waste Products ◽

Roofing Materials ◽

Loss Of Strength

The paper uses waste from the production of synthetic rubbers, industry, various clays for effective ways to solve the socio-economic and environmental problems of preserving natural resources and preventing environmental pollution. The construction materials industry faces the most important task-the search for non-deficit raw materials that allow partially or completely eliminate expensive conditioned polymers, rubbers and obtain cheaper mastic roofing materials while maintaining their high physical, mechanical and operational properties. Thermomechanical curves of composite materials based on synthetic rubbers with additives were studied. It is shown that the softening of samples of roofing materials No. 325 and No. 326 begins at , 20 % deformation is achieved, respectively, at – (No. 325) and + (No. 326), a sharp increase in deformation is observed, respectively, with a loss of strength: 40 % (No. 325) and 20 % (No. 326). Based on these materials, reinforced mastic roofs have been developed, which have low values of crack resistance. The coefficient of water resistance depends on the base, i.e. the reinforcing materials.

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Experimental research of a rotary wind turbine with vanes in solar power station “Energy Sevastopol”

Monitoring systems of environment ◽

10.33075/2220-5861-2017-1-141-145 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 141-145

Author(s):

V.A. Safonov ◽

◽

N.I. Varminskaya ◽

N.S. Mamontov ◽

A.A. Voskanyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Power Station ◽

Waste Products ◽

Environmental Objects ◽

Long Time ◽

Solar Power Station

The use of waste products in substitution of natural raw materials in the preparation of construction materials and structures may lead to contamination of hazardous chemicals that are included in this waste, environmental objects. Currently, evaluation of such exposure is carried out in the laboratory without considering changes in the external environmental influences during their use and takes a long time. The article discusses the possibility of the use of mathematical modeling to obtain data on the content of heavy metals in aquatic environments on the example of vanadium. As the mode! objects considered cement placed in neutral and acidic aqueous media.

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