Effect of Wheat Straw Ash on Fresh and Hardened Concrete Reinforced with Jute Fiber

In the present era, a number of researchers are using either industrial or agricultural priceless products as a basic source of raw materials for the construction industry. These waste products are economical and helpful in producing a sustainable environment and reducing environmental pollution, which is called handling waste products. However, this research work was conducted on concrete containing 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% of jute fiber as reinforcement material and 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of wheat straw ash (WSA) as replacement for fine aggregates. Moreover, the separate and combined effect of jute fiber and WSA as a replacement for sand ingredient in concrete is to determine the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. In this research, a number of concrete samples were prepared with 1 : 1.5 : 3 mix proportion at 0.54 water-cement ratio and cured at 28 days. The experimental outcomes displayed that the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strengths improved by 32.88 MPa, 3.80 MPa, and 5.30 MPa at 0.50% of jute fiber along with 30% of WSA at 28 days consistently. Similarly, the modulus of elasticity was developed while the dosages of jute fiber and WSA increased together in concrete. Moreover, the permeability and workability of concrete were reduced while utilized jute fiber and WSA increased together in concrete.

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Experimental Investigation on Use of Wheat Straw Ash and Bentonite in Self-Compacting Cementitious System

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/832508 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rao Arsalan Khushnood ◽

Syed Ali Rizwan ◽

Shazim Ali Memon ◽

Jean-Marc Tulliani ◽

Giuseppe Andrea Ferro

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Strength Development ◽

Test Results ◽

Acid Attack ◽

Secondary Raw Materials ◽

Straw Ash

In this research, we evaluated the feasibility of wheat straw ash and bentonite (raw and heated at 150°C for 8 hrs) as secondary raw materials in self-compacting paste (SCP). The fresh and hardened properties of SCP formulations including water and superplasticizer demand, flow behavior, compressive and flexural strength development, water absorption, and acid attack resistance were evaluated. Moreover, porosity, microstructural, and mineralogical investigations were also carried out on SCP formulations. Test results showed that the properties of SCP formulations in fresh state depend on the morphology of secondary raw materials. For heated bentonite and wheat straw ash formulations, the 28 days of compressive and flexural strength were higher or almost similar to reference SCP formulation. Among SCP formulations, wheat straw ash formulation was found to be more effective in consuming free lime and showed significant decrease in porosity with time, which in turn improved the resistance of this SCP formulation against water absorption and acid attack. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the successful utilization of wheat straw ash and bentonite SCP formulations will offer durable and environmental friendly option to construction industry.

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Characterization and valorization of the waste from the abandoned Kettara mine and the gypsum quarry in Sidi Tijji (Marrakech-Safi Region, Morocco).

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-887 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Assma Bouiji ◽

Omar witam ◽

Mounsif Ibnoussina

Keyword(s):

Cultural Change ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Research Work ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Waste Products ◽

Integrated Recovery

In Morocco, no measures have been taken to manage residual waste from operational or abandoned mining and quarries sites.Indeed, significant quantities of mine waste, composed of concentrator residues and sterile waste, have been abandoned after the closure of operations without any effective management or rehabilitation planning.These residues could have harmful impacts on the environment: soil and water pollution, destruction or disturbance of natural habitats, visual impact on the countryside...The valorization and sustainable management of mining waste appear to be adequate solutions to major environmental problems. The construction sector can be a profitable sector to absorb chemically stable mining waste.The objective of this research work is to study the feasibility of recycling waste from the abandoned Kettara mine (Morocco) and gypsum waste rock in Sidi Tijji (Morocco) as raw materials in construction materials.The study consists first of a geological characterization and then a characterization of the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the residues, followed by an evaluation of the mechanical properties of the composite mixtures based on the chemically stable residues.The Kettara mine is located in the Jbilet Central Mountains, 30 km northwest of Marrakech. Geologically, the pyrrhotite district of Kettara corresponds to the outcrop area of the volcano-sedimentary series of Saghlef shales. For the gypsum quarry at Sidi Tijji, which is part of the Safi basin, characterized by Jurassic outcrops essentially formed by gypsum and carbonate formations.Mineralogical and chemical analysis have shown that these waste products are still rich in minerals such as the waste from the Kettara mine; the FeO3 concentrated amounts to 55.6%. In addition, gypsum waste rock represents a concentration of 28.9% CaO. Therefore, a low water content for the majority of samples.Adapting to the principles of integrated recovery and management of mining and quarry waste requires a cultural change within the industry, but also in the ministries concerned.Keywords: Valorization, mine waste, mines and quarries, construction materials.

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Performance of Porous Slabs Using Recycled Ash

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13193319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 3319

Author(s):

Taha El-Sayed

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Element Model ◽

Pervious Concrete ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Straw Ash

Permeable concrete is an environmentally friendly material that improves water permeability and slip resistance. The manuscript describes a new study aimed at improving the strength of permeable concrete obtained using local materials for the partial replacement of cement with rice and wheat straw ash due to the high amount of silica and pozzolanic characteristics present in the ash. For this purpose, nine concrete mixes were made (Phase I). The mixes were classified into four groups: Group A, with cement/aggregate ratios of 0.23, 0.34, and 0.44 for Mixes 1, 2, and 3, respectively; Group B, with sand added at 10% and 15% to the coarse aggregate for Mixes 4 and 5; Group C, with rice straw ash replacement ratios of 10% and 15% in the cement for Mixes 6 and 7; and, finally, Group D with wheat straw ash replacement ratios of 10% and 15% in the cement for Mixes 8 and 9. For Groups B to D, the water/binder ratio was 0.238. Fresh and hardened concrete tests were conducted. The results showed that Mixes C and D, which contained rice and wheat straw ash, increased the compaction factor due to their spherical shape and higher surface area compared with traditional pervious concrete. Additionally, permeability and porosity increased slightly for the mixes using rice and wheat straw ash. This could be attributed to increasing the interconnected voids. Optimum porosity was reached with 15% rice straw ash. The optimum mix design from Phase I was used in Phase II. Therefore, six pervious concrete slabs, reinforced with different types of reinforcement, were tested under flexural load. With the help of ANSYS, a finite element model was created to verify the results of experiments. The results of the numerical simulation are consistent with the results of the experiment. This article represents a definite step to new knowledge in the field of research of permeable concrete obtained using the partial replacement of cement with rice and wheat straw ash. Hence, this form of concrete can be used for parking lot paving, sludge beds for sewage plants, swimming pool surfaces, bridge walkways, zoo area floors, and animal barns. This concrete can also be used in applications requiring lightweight concrete.

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Application of HVFA Concrete in Massive Structure

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.195 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 683 ◽

pp. 195-198

Author(s):

Xiang Li ◽

Jian Jun Yan ◽

Shang Shi Peng

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Standard Condition ◽

High Volume ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Foundation Slab ◽

The Core ◽

Massive Structure ◽

Mix Proportion ◽

High Volume Fly Ash ◽

Long Time

C40R60 High volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete were adopted for the continuously casting massive foundation slab of Tianjin Tower, which has a volume of about 20 000 m3, to decrease the risk of cracking during the construction process. Suitable raw materials and mix proportion were chosen. The properties of hardened concrete cured under different conditions were investigated. The temperature development in the core of structure was measured. The results show that the temperature rise in the core is relatively low and the compressive strength curing under the standard condition for 60 days is 54.3MPa. HVFA concrete is much suitable to the massive concrete structure in which elevated temperature would be kept for a long time.

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Project Application of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.684 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71-78 ◽

pp. 684-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiang Li ◽

Shi Hua Zhou ◽

Zai Qin Wang ◽

Kai Tao Xiao

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Standard Condition ◽

High Volume ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

The Core ◽

Massive Structure ◽

Mix Proportion ◽

High Volume Fly Ash ◽

Long Time

C40R60 High volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete were adopted for the continuously casting massive foundation slab of Tianjin Tower, which has a volume of about 20 000 m3, to decrease the risk of cracking during the construction process. Suitable raw materials and mix proportion were chosen. The properties of hardened concrete cured under different conditions were investigated. A mock-up of massive structure with the dimension of 4.5×4.5×4m was cast using determined concrete. The temperature development in the core of structure was measured. The results show that the temperature rise in the core is relatively low and the compressive strength curing under the standard condition for 60 days is 54.3MPa. HVFA concrete is much suitable to the massive concrete structure in which elevated temperature would be kept for a long time.

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Incorporation of Wheat Straw Ash as Partial Sand Replacement for Production of Eco-Friendly Concrete

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14082078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2078

Author(s):

Shazim Ali Memon ◽

Usman Javed ◽

Muhammad Haris ◽

Rao Arsalan Khushnood ◽

Jong Kim

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Natural Sand ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Straw Ash

The depletion of natural sand resources occurs due to excessive consumption of aggregate for concrete production. Continuous extraction of sand from riverbeds permanently depletes fine aggregate resources. At the same time, a major ecological challenge is the disposal of agricultural waste ash from biomass burning. In this study, an environmental friendly solution is proposed to investigate the incorporation of wheat straw ash (WSA) by replacing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of sand in concrete. Characterization results of WSA revealed that it was well-graded, free from organic impurities, and characterized by perforated and highly porous tubules attributed to its porous morphology. A decrease in fresh concrete density and an increase in slump values were attained by an increase in WSA replacement percentage. An increasing trend in compressive strength, hardened concrete density, and ultrasonic pulse velocity was observed, while a decrease was noticed in the values of water absorption with the increase in WSA replacement percentages and the curing age. The WSA incorporation at all replacement percentages yielded concrete compressive strength values over 21 MPa, which complies with the minimum strength requirement of structural concrete as specified in ACI 318-19. Acid resistance of WSA incorporated concrete improved due to the formation of pozzolanic hydrates as evident in Chappelle activity and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results of WSA modified composites. Thus, the incorporation of WSA provides an environmentally friendly solution for its disposal. It helps in conserving natural aggregate resources by providing a suitable alternative to fine aggregate for the construction industry.

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Use of Marble Powder and Tile Powder as Cementitious Materials in Concrete

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.3378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 5448-5451 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Bheel ◽

K. A. Kalhoro ◽

T. A. Memon ◽

Z. U. Z. Lashari ◽

M. A. Soomro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construction Industry ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Waste Products ◽

Cement Ratio ◽

Concrete Cylinders ◽

Marble Powder

The use of agricultural and industrial waste products as raw materials in the construction industry is investigated extensively. These products are inexpensive and help in environmental sustainability, as environmental pollution is thus reduced. This study focused in investigating the properties of fresh, physical and hardened concrete blended with marble (MP) and tile powder (TP) of several proportions, such as 0%, 5% (2.5%MP + 2.5%TP), 10% (5%MP + 5%TP), 15% (7.5%MP + 7.5%TP), and 20% (10%MP + 10%TP) by weight. A total of 60 concrete cylinders were cast with 0.45 water/cement ratio, 1:1.96:2.14 mix ratio, and were cured for 7 and 28 days. These cylinders were used for checking the compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete. The experimental results showed that compressive and splitting tensile strengths were increased by 8.90% and 8.30% respectively for the 2.5%MP + 2.5%TP sample after 28 days.

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The Influence of the Properties of the Material Used for Obtaining Geopolymers on Their Structure and Compressive Strength

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.6.5638 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1182-1187

Author(s):

Ilenuta Severin ◽

Maria Vlad

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Red Mud ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Point Of View ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Straw Ash

This article presents the influence of the properties of the materials in the geopolymeric mixture, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) + wheat straw ash (WSA) + uncalcined red mud (RMu), and ground granulated blast furnace slag + wheat straw ash + calcined red mud (RMc), over the microstructure and mechanical properties of the synthesised geopolymers. The activation solutions used were a NaOH solution with 8M concentration, and a solution realised from 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3. The samples were analysed: from the microstructural point of view through SEM microscopy; the chemical composition was determined through EDX analysis; and the compressive strength tests was done for samples tested at 7 and 28 days, respectively. The SEM micrographies of the geopolymers have highlighted a complex structure and an variable compressive strength. Compressive strength varied from 24 MPa in the case of the same recipe obtained from 70% of GGBFS + 25% WSA +5% RMu, alkaline activated with NaOH 8M (7 days testing) to 85 MPa in the case of the recipe but replacing RMu with RMc with calcined red mud, alkaline activated with the 50%wt NaOH and 50%wt Na2SiO3 solution (28 days testing). This variation in the sense of the rise in compressive strength can be attributed to the difference in reactivity of the materials used in the recipes, the curing period, the geopolymers structure, and the presence of a lower or higher rate of pores, as well as the alkalinity and the nature of the activation solutions used.

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The Effect of Cassava Starch on the Durability Characteristics of Concrete

The Open Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874149502014010289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 289-301

Author(s):

Daniel Oni ◽

John Mwero ◽

Charles Kabubo

Keyword(s):

Cement Hydration ◽

Research Work ◽

Cassava Starch ◽

Chloride Penetration ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Sulphate Attack ◽

Marine Structures ◽

Durability Properties ◽

Chloride Attack ◽

Starch Gel

Background: Concrete is a common material used in the construction of marine structures, such as bridges, water treatment plants, jetties, etc. The use of concrete in these environment exposes it to attack from chemicals like sulphates, chlorides and alkaline, thereby causing it to deteriorate, and unable to perform satisfactorily within its service life. Hence, the need to investigate the durability properties of concrete has become necessary especially when admixtures are used to modify some of its properties. Objective: This research work investigates the effect of Cassava Starch (CS) on the durability characteristics of concrete. Methods: The durability properties investigated in this work are water absorption, sorptivity, resistance to sulphates, sodium hydroxides and chloride penetration. The specimens were prepared by adding CS by weight of cement at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0% respectively. The concrete specimens were cured for 28 days, tested for compressive strength before ponding in ionic solutions of sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid and sodium chloride. Six (6) concrete mixes were prepared, five of which were used to evaluate the effect of CS on the durability characteristics of concrete. Results: The slump values reduced with the increasing dosage of CS due to the viscous nature of the CS paste. Generally, the addition of CS in concrete tends to improve the resistance of concrete to sulphate and chloride attack due to the ability of the muddy-like starch gel to block the pore spaces of hardened concrete, hence, reduces the rate at which water and other aggressive chemicals penetrate the concrete. In addition, the retarding ability of CS impedes the formation of mono-sulphate aluminates during cement hydration, thereby making the concrete less susceptible to sulphate attack. Conclusion: The addition of CS to concrete by weight of cement generally improved the durability characteristics of concrete, while the relative performances of the concrete mixes showed that CS 2.0 gave a better resistance to chloride penetration and sulphate attack.

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Rheological and Microbiological Characteristics of Hops and Hot Trub Particles Formed during Beer Production

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Monika Sterczyńska ◽

Marek Zdaniewicz ◽

Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Waste Products ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Post Process ◽

High Shear Rates ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Beer Production

During the production of beer, and especially beer wort, the main wastes are spent grain and hot trub, i.e., the so-called “hot break.” Combined with yeast after fermentation, they represent the most valuable wastes. Hot trub is also one of the most valuable by-products. Studies on the chemical composition of these sediments and their rheological properties as waste products will contribute to their effective disposal and even further use as valuable pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. So far, hot trub has been studied for morphology and particle distribution depending on the raw material composition and beer wort extract. However, there are no preliminary studies on the rheological properties of hot trub and hops. In particular, no attention has yet been paid to the dependence of these properties on the hop variety or different protein sources used. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different hopping methods on hot trub viscosity and beer wort physicochemical parameters. Additionally, the hop solutions were measured at different temperatures. A microbiological analysis of hop sediments was also performed to determine the post-process survival of selected microorganisms in these wastes. For manufacturers of pumps used in the brewing industry, the most convenient material is that of the lowest viscosity. Low viscosity hot trub can be removed at lower velocities, which reduces costs and simplifies washing and transport. The sediments also had similar equilibrium viscosity values at high shear rates.

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