Visual representation of CORDEX climate data by using QGIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalamkas Yessimkhanova ◽  
Mátyás Gede
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Data File ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Information Preference ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Open Source Gis ◽  
Visualization Toolkit ◽  
Spatial Referencing

<p>The majority of studies are dedicated to the analysis of climate change and climate models with no regard for data visualization part. Therefore, this research is aimed at highlighting challenges, with an emphasis on spatial referencing that can occur while visualizing CORDEX data. CORDEX data are stored in NetCDF file format, and sometimes georeferencing may be misconceived in QGIS software. For this reason, two techniques of georeferencing data are examined in this work. The first way of data georeferencing is re-projecting coordinates from original projection to an interpolated latitude/longitude grid. The second way is re-encrypting initial data file so that QGIS is able to interpret projection information. Preference of using QGIS explained by two reasons: it is open source GIS application and it has expanded visualization toolkit.</p><p>In addition, there are a great deal of climate models based on CORDEX data for some regions whereas there is a lack of climate projections for particular areas. In this regard, carrying out analysis for the region of Kazakhstan is beneficial. Outcomes of this research may stimulate spreading local climate models for Kazakhstan territory. Results are represented in the form of maps of Kazakhstan illustrating temperature change over 21<sup>st</sup> century time period.</p>

scholarly journals Cyclone generation Algorithm including a THERmodynamic module for Integrated National damage Assessment (CATHERINA 1.0) compatible with CMIP climate data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théo Le Guenedal ◽  
Philippe Drobinski ◽  
Peter Tankov
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
National Level ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Local Climate

Abstract. Tropical cyclones are responsible for a large share of global damage resulting from natural disasters and estimating cyclone-related damage at a national level is a challenge attracting growing interest in the context of climate change. The global climate models, whose outputs are available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), do not resolve tropical cyclones. The Cyclone generation Algorithm including a THERmodynamic module for Integrated National damage Assessment (CATHERINA) presented in this paper, couples statistical and thermodynamic relationships to generate synthetic tracks sensitive to local climate conditions and estimates the damage induced by tropical cyclones at a national level. The framework is designed to be compatible with CMIP models’ data offering a simple solution to resolve tropical cyclones in climate projections. We illustrate it by producing damage projections in Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) at the global level and for individual countries. The algorithm contains a module to correct biases in climate models based on the distributions of the climate variables in the reanalyses.

Future humidity extremes in an urban-rural context - using regional climate model projections down to convection permitting scales for Berlin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby S. Langendijk ◽  
Diana Rechid ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Urban Rural

<p>Urban areas are prone to climate change impacts. A transition towards sustainable and climate-resilient urban areas is relying heavily on useful, evidence-based climate information on urban scales. However, current climate data and information produced by urban or climate models are either not scale compliant for cities, or do not cover essential parameters and/or urban-rural interactions under climate change conditions. Furthermore, although e.g. the urban heat island may be better understood, other phenomena, such as moisture change, are little researched. Our research shows the potential of regional climate models, within the EURO-CORDEX framework, to provide climate projections and information on urban scales for 11km and 3km grid size. The city of Berlin is taken as a case-study. The results on the 11km spatial scale show that the regional climate models simulate a distinct difference between Berlin and its surroundings for temperature and humidity related variables. There is an increase in urban dry island conditions in Berlin towards the end of the 21st century. To gain a more detailed understanding of climate change impacts, extreme weather conditions were investigated under a 2°C global warming and further downscaled to the 3km scale. This enables the exploration of differences of the meteorological processes between the 11km and 3km scales, and the implications for urban areas and its surroundings. The overall study shows the potential of regional climate models to provide climate change information on urban scales.</p>

scholarly journals Limited impact of climate forcing products on future glacier evolution in Scandinavia and Iceland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Loris Compagno ◽  
Harry Zekollari ◽  
Matthias Huss ◽  
Daniel Farinotti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Data Products

Abstract Due to climate change, worldwide glaciers are rapidly declining. The trend will continue into the future, with consequences for sea level, water availability and tourism. Here, we assess the future evolution of all glaciers in Scandinavia and Iceland until 2100 using the coupled surface mass-balance ice-flow model GloGEMflow. The model is initialised with three distinct past climate data products (E-OBS, ERA-I, ERA-5), while future climate is prescribed by both global and regional climate models (GCMs and RCMs), in order to analyze their impact on glacier evolution. By 2100, we project Scandinavian glaciers to lose between 67 ± 18% and 90 ± 7% of their present-day (2018) volume under a low (RCP2.6) and a high (RCP8.5) emission scenario, respectively. Over the same period, losses for Icelandic glaciers are projected to be between 43 ± 11% (RCP2.6) and 85 ± 7% (RCP8.5). The projected evolution is only little impacted by both the choice of climate data products used in the past and the spatial resolution of the future climate projections, with differences in the ice volume remaining by 2100 of 7 and 5%, respectively. This small sensitivity is attributed to our model calibration strategy that relies on observed glacier-specific mass balances and thus compensates for differences between climate forcing products.

scholarly journals Assessment of potential hydrological climate change impacts in Kastoria basin (Western Macedonia, Greece) using EUROCORDEX regional climate models

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Northern Greece

<p>The Mediterranean region is expected to present reduced availability of water resources due to climate change. This study aims to assess the potential hydrological responses to climate change in the Kastoria basin (Western Macedonia, Northern Greece) for the period 2019-2078. Climate projections from eight regional climate models from EURO-CORDEX were bias-adjusted using the linear scaling method. The bias-adjusted climate data were used to force the FeFLOW hydro-logical model to predict the discharge of the Kastoria aquifer towards lake Orestiada along with the projected groundwater level distribution. Precipitation (temperature) shows a tendency to decrease (increase) mainly in late spring to early autumn while increase (decrease) in the other sea-sons. Moreover, results indicate a significant increase in temperature and a slight decrease in precipitation towards 2078, while the predicted groundwater level of Kastoria aquifer will reduce slightly. However, the future hydrological behavior of the basin indicates a substantial reduction by approximately 15% of total water yield towards the end of the century.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of regional climate models ALARO-0 and REMO2015 at 0.22° resolution over the CORDEX Central Asia domain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Top ◽  
Lola Kotova ◽  
Lesley De Cruz ◽  
Svetlana Aniskevich ◽  
Leonid Bobylev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Climate Data

Abstract. To allow for climate impact studies on human and natural systems high-resolution climate information is needed. Over some parts of the world plenty of regional climate simulations have been carried out, while in other regions hardly any high-resolution climate information is available. This publication aims at addressing one of these regional gaps by presenting an evaluation study for two regional climate models (RCMs) (REMO and ALARO-0) at a horizontal resolution of 0.22° (25 km) over Central Asia. The output of the ERA-Interim driven RCMs is compared with different observational datasets over the 1980–2017 period. The choice of the observational dataset has an impact on the scores but in general one can conclude that both models reproduce reasonably well the spatial patterns for temperature and precipitation. The evaluation of minimum and maximum temperature demonstrates that both models underestimate the daily temperature range. More detailed studies of the annual cycle over subregions should be carried out to reveal whether this is due to an incorrect simulation in cloud cover, atmospheric circulation or heat and moisture fluxes. In general, the REMO model scores better for temperature whereas the ALARO-0 model prevails for precipitation. This publication demonstrates that the REMO and ALARO-0 RCMs can be used to perform climate projections over Central Asia and that the produced climate data can be applied in impact modelling.

scholarly journals Climate Explorer: Improved Access to Local Climate Projections

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. E265-E273
Author(s):  
Fredric Lipschultz ◽  
David D. Herring ◽  
Andrea J. Ray ◽  
Jay R. Alder ◽  
LuAnn Dahlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The goal of the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit’s (CRT) Climate Explorer (CE) is to provide information at appropriate spatial and temporal scales to help practitioners gain insights into the risks posed by climate change. Ultimately, these insights can lead to groups of local stakeholders taking action to build their resilience to a changing climate. Using CE, decision-makers can visualize decade-by-decade changes in climate conditions in their county and the magnitude of changes projected for the end of this century under two plausible emissions pathways. They can also check how projected changes relate to user-defined thresholds that represent points at which valued assets may become stressed, damaged, or destroyed. By providing easy access to authoritative information in an elegant interface, the Climate Explorer can help communities recognize—and prepare to avoid or respond to—emerging climate hazards. Another important step in the evolution of CE builds on the purposeful alignment of the CRT with the U.S. Global Change Research Program’s (USGCRP) National Climate Assessment (NCA). By closely linking these two authoritative resources, we envision that users can easily transition from static maps and graphs within NCA reports to dynamic, interactive versions of the same data within CE and other resources within the CRT, which they can explore at higher spatial scales or customize for their own purposes. The provision of consistent climate data and information—a result of collaboration among USGCRP’s federal agencies—will assist decision-making by other governmental entities, nongovernmental organizations, businesses, and individuals.

Supporting users to implement uncertainty of climate change information in adaptation studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Zsebeházi ◽  
Beatrix Bán
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Model Simulations

&lt;p&gt;There is a growing need to develop climate services both at national and international level, to bridge the gap between the providers and the end-users of climate information. Several national climate services are aiming to serve the local users&amp;#8217; needs by creating web portals. Thanks to this trend, the number of available climate data (both measured and modelled) is rapidly growing and often there is not any personal contact between the users and the climate scientists via the web portals. Therefore, it is important to make this service usable and informative and train the potential users about the nature, strengths and limits of climate data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within the framework of a national funded project (KlimAdat), the regional climate model projections of the Hungarian Meteorological Service are extended and a representative climate database is developed. Regular workshops are organised, where we get hands-on information about the requirements and give training about climate modelling in exchange. One of the most discussed issue during the workshops is tackling with uncertainty information of climate projections in climate change adaptation studies. The future changes are quantified in probabilistic form, applying ensemble technique, i.e. several climate model simulations prepared with different global and regional climate models and anthropogenic scenarios are evaluated simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to help the users orienting through the mushrooming climate projections, a user guide is prepared. Topics are e.g. how to select model simulations, how to take into account model validation results and what is the difference between signal and noise. The guideline is based on 24 simulations of the 12-km resolution Euro-CORDEX regional climate models, driven by the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Two target groups are distinguished based on the required level of post-processing climate data: 1) climate impact modellers, who need large amount of raw or bias corrected data to drive their own impact model; 2) decision makers and planners, who need heavily processed but lightweight data. The purpose of our guideline is to provide insight into the customized methodologies used at the Hungarian Meteorological Service for fulfilling users&amp;#8217; needs.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Recent and projected precipitation and temperature changes in the Grand Canyon area with implications for groundwater resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred D Tillman ◽  
Subhrendu Gangopadhyay ◽  
Tom Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Grand Canyon ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

AbstractGroundwater is a critical resource in the Grand Canyon region, supplying nearly all water needs for residents and millions of visitors. Additionally, groundwater discharging at hundreds of spring locations in and near Grand Canyon supports important ecosystems in this mostly arid environment. The security of groundwater supplies is of critical importance for both people and ecosystems in the region and the potential for changes to groundwater systems from projected climate change is a cause for concern. In this study, we analyze recent historical and projected precipitation and temperature data for the Grand Canyon region. Projected climate scenarios are then used in Soil Water Balance groundwater infiltration simulations to understand the state-of-the-science on projected changes to groundwater resources in the area. Historical climate data from 1896 through 2019 indicate multi-decadal cyclical patterns in both precipitation and temperature for most of the time period. Since the 1970s, however, a significant rising trend in temperature is observed in the area. All 10-year periods since 1993 are characterized by both below average precipitation and above average temperature. Downscaled and bias-corrected precipitation and temperature output from 97 CMIP5 global climate models for the water-year 2020–2099 time period indicate projected precipitation patterns similar to recent historical (water-year 1951–2015) data. Projected temperature for the Grand Canyon area, however, is expected to rise by as much as 3.4 °C by the end of the century, relative to the recent historical average. Integrating the effects of projected precipitation and temperature changes on groundwater infiltration, simulation results indicate that > 76% of future decades will experience average potential groundwater infiltration less than that of the recent historical period.

Fine-Scale Climate Projections for Africa: What Additional Robust Spatial Detail is Provided by a Convection-Permitting Model?  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Rowell ◽  
Segolene Berthou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Projected Changes

&lt;p&gt;Regional climate projections using ultra-high resolution convection-permitting (CP) models are now increasingly available, with recent endeavours also focussing on vulnerable tropical regions. A number of recent studies have examined a pair of pan-Africa integrations of the Met Office CP model (CP4A), run at 4.4km resolution with 10 years of both a present-day simulation and a circa-2100 projection. However, experience from inter-disciplinary discussions has revealed different perspectives on the value of such experiments, with climate scientists emphasising the importance of an improved representation of convection, whereas applied scientists emphasise the importance of the unprecedented spatial scale of the available climate data. This raises critical questions about the usable spatial scales of such projections. Can CP models really provide robust information about future climate change at finer scales than parameterised regional climate models? We address this question with a focus on projected changes in rainfall, both seasonal means and daily extremes, both of which may be expected to exhibit heterogeneous climate responses in regions of large surface forcing. Although the capacity for statistically significant detail is found to be small in this short projection, detectable sub-25km variability is indeed apparent in regions of high topographic variability. Coastal regions, such as lakes and marine bays are also examined, along with urban boundaries. Furthermore, where no significant fine-scale detail is apparent (spatial heterogeneity is only due to sampling variability), we also examine the extent to which the robustness of climate information (better signal-to-noise ratios) can be enhanced for users by the spatial aggregation of model data.&lt;/p&gt;

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