The effect of recurrent cyclonic surge events on drinking pond and near-surface groundwater salinities in coastal Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi San Tsai ◽  
Adrian Butler ◽  
Mohammad Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
The Impact

<p>Salinity is a pervasive problem in the coastal low-lying area of the deltas including Bangladesh located in one of the largest delta, Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta. This delta is susceptible to episodic cyclones since it is nearly every 3 years hit by tropical cyclones in the early monsoonal season (April to June) or the early dry season (October to November). These successive cyclones associated with low-lying reclaimed lands that trigger extensive flooding and result in excess salinity in soil and surface water, which have led to low agricultural productivity. Salinity in drinking water causes negative effects on human health such as cardiovascular disease. A fully coupled surface-subsurface model was used to investigate the impact of the episodic cyclonic surges on the drinking pond and groundwater salinities in the coastal reclaimed lands of Dacope Upazila in southwest Bangladesh. We considered 5 scenarios: a cyclone hit the land in the monsoon season with remediation (clean-up the pond at (1) 7 days, (2) 3 months), a cyclone hit the land in the dry season with remediation (clean-up the pond at (3) 7 days (4) 9 months) and (5) the recurrent intervals of cyclones hit the land every 8 years. The hydrological parameters were calibrated from the fieldwork at DAB site in using in situ field observations. The results show that the episodic cyclones caused inevitable salinity to near-surface groundwater, and in pond water because of post-event delayed emptying of ponds and reversal of hydraulic head gradient. However, rapid remediation after a surge event may help avoid serious salinity in drinking water. The result of scenario 5 indicates that near-surface groundwater salinity progressively developed and move downward over time. The episodic surge events might be one of the reasons that cause shallow groundwater salinity in coastal Bangladesh. This study improves our understanding of salinization processes and how to manage drinking water ponds after a storm surge induced flooding in deltaic coastal settings.</p>

scholarly journals Radionuclide Release Prediction in Water and Soil at Demonstration Plant of Near Surface Disposal for Radioactive Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Pandu Dewanto ◽  
Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik ◽  
Sucipta Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Saturated Layer ◽  
The Impact

Near Surface Disposal (NSD) for Radioactive Waste that should be developed due to increment of the low level radioactive waste, need to be analyzed and evaluated related to the radiological impact of the environment. A research method applied is done by modeling the distribution of radionuclide releases process. Analysis related with the releases of radionuclide in water and soil is using PRESTO (Prediction of Radiological Effects Due to Shallow Trench Operations). The application scenarios selected in this safety assessment is the migrations of Co-60 and Cs-137 scenario through the shallow groundwater flow pattern in the NSD site. The SigmaPlot software is also used to determine the concentration equation in well water and river water. The final results showed the concentration of radionuclide in wells and streams below the provision. Radionuclide activity concentrations in well ranged from 10<sup>-10</sup>Bq/m<sup>3</sup> to 10<sup>0</sup>Bq/m<sup>3</sup> and in the river ranged from 10<sup>-15</sup>Bq / m<sup>3</sup> to 10<sup>-1</sup>Bq / m3. The impact of radioactive waste of radionuclide Co-60 and Cs-137 will decrease to the background radiation level at a distance less than 10m and penetrate into the saturated layer up to 4m. In this study, an equation have been obtained that can predict radionuclide concentration patterns based on the distance and the depth of the ground surface against to the facility operation time.

Modelling irrigated Eucalyptus for salinity control on shallow watertables

Soil Research ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Paydar ◽  
Neil Huth ◽  
Val Snow
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Impact

With increasing salinity in irrigation areas, the option of tree planting in areas with shallow groundwater is seen as an ‘environmentally friendly’ alternative for controlling salinity. This study uses simulation modelling to investigate the long-term effects of planting Eucalyptus grandis in irrigated areas with shallow and saline watertables in the Riverine Plains where concerns exist about salinity effects on irrigated agriculture. APSIM, a 1-dimensional model of the soil–water–plant system, was modified to describe the interaction between the watertable within the plantation with the, normally shallower, watertable in the surrounding irrigated pasture. The model was tested against measured data and then used to simulate a range of different environmental conditions (depth and salinity of the groundwater, soil) and management options (irrigation with different amounts and salinity). The results of a total of 702 simulation runs helped to identify conditions in which irrigated plantations may be viable and how the irrigation of these plantations may be managed to decrease the impact of salinity on tree growth. The results indicated that if irrigation is to improve productivity, it must be in large amounts (1000 mm or more) and of good quality to have a significant effect on tree production. Irrigation with low salinity water (EC <2 dS/m) can only be used to reliably increase production in conditions where there are deeper watertables (4 m or deeper) on fast-draining soils. In these cases, flexible irrigation practices (scheduled irrigation) need to be employed in order to manage the salt levels within the tree root-zones. The viability of plantations is likely to decrease with increasing irrigation water salinity as salt accumulation in the profile reduces the ability of the trees to act as natural sinks. Depending on the irrigation and groundwater salinity, trees might be effective only up to a few years (as little as 9 years). Optimum response of trees to irrigation is only predicted with fresh water and scheduled irrigation (up to 1700 mm/year). However, if ample fresh water was available, other higher value cropping options are likely to be sought by land managers. Furthermore, the large amounts of water added to the plantation will have negative effects (water and salt export from the plantation) on the surrounding land, which will need further intervention to be sustainable.

scholarly journals Seasonally stable temperature gradients through supraglacial debris in the Everest region of Nepal, Central Himalaya

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ann V. Rowan ◽  
Lindsey I. Nicholson ◽  
Duncan J. Quincey ◽  
Morgan J. Gibson ◽  
Tristram D.L. Irvine-Fynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Glacier Ablation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Rock debris covers ~30% of glacier ablation areas in the Central Himalaya and modifies the impact of atmospheric conditions on mass balance. The thermal properties of supraglacial debris are diurnally variable but remain poorly constrained for monsoon-influenced glaciers over the timescale of the ablation season. We measured vertical debris profile temperatures at 12 sites on four glaciers in the Everest region with debris thickness ranging from 0.08 to 2.8 m. Typically, the length of the ice ablation season beneath supraglacial debris was 160 days (15 May to 22 October)—a month longer than the monsoon season. Debris temperature gradients were approximately linear (r2 > 0.83), measured as −40°C m–1 where debris was up to 0.1 m thick, −20°C m–1 for debris 0.1–0.5 m thick, and −4°C m–1 for debris greater than 0.5 m thick. Our results demonstrate that the influence of supraglacial debris on the temperature of the underlying ice surface, and therefore melt, is stable at a seasonal timescale and can be estimated from near-surface temperature. These results have the potential to greatly improve the representation of ablation in calculations of debris-covered glacier mass balance and projections of their response to climate change.

Bacteriological assessment of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) water in southwest coastal Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Pervez Kabir ◽  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Md. Ali Akber ◽  
Md. Sabbir Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Aquifer Storage And Recovery ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Point Of Use

Safe drinking water is scarce in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Harvested rainwater and rain-fed pond water are the main sources of drinking water for people living in this area. Both government and non-government organizations are promoting aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) schemes to provide safe drinking water for this population. This study assessed the bacteriological quality of both source water and abstracted water from five ASR sites. Water sampling and laboratory analysis for indicator bacteria and physico-chemical parameters were conducted once every 2 months, over a period of 1 year. Samples were taken from source ponds, abstraction wells and household storage containers (point of use) for each of the ASR sites. Although the water from abstraction wells showed a 97% and 82% lowering of E. coli and Enterococci counts, respectively, from that of the source ponds, they did not satisfy the WHO drinking water standard. Moreover, the microbial quality of the water deteriorated at the point of use. This indicates the requirement for both in-house treatment and improved hygiene practice for consuming ASR water.

Impact of tropical cyclone storm surges on groundwater salinity in southwest regions of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi San Tsai ◽  
Adrian P Butler ◽  
Mo A Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Cyclonic Storm ◽  
Cyclone Aila ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Using Data

&lt;p&gt;Excess salinity in drinking water is a serious issue along the southwest coastal of Bangladesh, mainly in reclaimed lands where around 14 million people live and sustain in low-lying deltas. The low-lying deltas are particularly vulnerable to episodic tropical cyclones. The tropical cyclones induced storm surges cause severe floods and extensive damage and result in the salinity in surface water and subsurface water, which have serious impacts on human health such as hypertension and food security due to loss in agricultural yield. In 2011, two years after Cyclone Aila hit the southwest regions of Bangladesh (in 2009), many parts of these regions were still underwater which caused disruption of water supply and contamination of drinking water. The lands were unproductive due to excessive salt in soil and water. A fully coupled surface-subsurface model of a coastal low-lying land is used to investigate the role of tropical cyclonic storm on long-term salinity of water resources in Bangladesh. The hydrogeological parameters of the model were calibrated using data from fieldwork at the site of a pond in Dacope, Khulna. We used the observed water level data from a station at Mongla during Cyclone Aila hit southwest regions of Bangladesh (26 May 2009).The results show how groundwater salinity changes in response to storm surges and monsoon in the coastal low-lying areas. Near-surface groundwater salinity (below 1m-2.3m) takes 4-6 years to return the salinities to pre-surge levels by monsoonal rainfall.&lt;/p&gt;

The More Control, the Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High User ◽  
User Control ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.

Monetary policy and the effect of the transfer of oil prices to inflation

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
I. D. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Price Shocks ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of oil price shocks on inflation, as well as the impact of the choice of the monetary policy regime on the strength of this influence. We used dynamic models on panel data for the countries of the world for the period from 2000 to 2017. It is shown that mainly the impact of changes in oil prices on inflation is carried out through the channel of exchange rate. The paper demonstrates the influence of the transition to inflation targeting on the nature of the relationship between oil price shocks and inflation. This effect is asymmetrical: during periods of rising oil prices, inflation targeting reduces the effect of the transfer of oil prices, limiting negative effects of shock. During periods of decline in oil prices, this monetary policy regime, in contrast, contributes to a stronger transfer, helping to reduce inflation.

Retrospective analysis of the resilience of Russian regions as socio-economic systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Klimanov ◽  
Sofiya М. Kazakova ◽  
Anna A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the impact of various socio-economic and financial indicators on the resilience of Russian regions. For each region, the integral index of resilience is calculated, and its correlation dependence with the selected indicators is revealed. The study confirms the relationship between fiscal resilience and socio-economic resilience of the regions. The analysis of panel data for 75 regions from 2007 to 2016 shows that there are significant differences in the dynamics of indicators in different periods. In particular, the degree of exposure to the negative effects of the crises of 2008—2009 and 2014—2015 in non-resilient regions is higher than in resilient ones.

Factors Influencing Academic Stress on Students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nham Phong Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Quy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen ◽  
Hong Tra My ◽  
Tran Nhu Phu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
National University ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of seven factors causing academic stress on students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University: Lack of leisure time, Academic performance, Fear of failure, Academic overload, Finances, Competition between students, Relationships with university faculty. Based on the results of a practical survey of 185 students who are attending any courses at the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University, the study assesses the impact of stress factors on students. The thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of "stress" and the stress level of students, while pointing out its negative effects on students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students’ perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress - Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency, the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, the model was brought back and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach’s Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. This study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. From these practical analyzes, several proposals were made for the society, the school and the students themselves.

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