scholarly journals Spatial Patterns of Urban Expansion in Chinese Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jing Yao ◽  
Ya Ping Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Western China ◽  
City Development ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> China has experienced high rate urbanization in recent years, with urban population increased from 460 to 750 million and the built-up area of metropolis expanded by almost 60% since 2000. Urban landscape has been dramatically changed by intensified inner-city development and urban sprawl. In recent years, the changes in urban form has transformed from expansion to restructuring. A good understanding of urban expansion and spatial restructuring as a consequence of urbanization has important policy implications, enhancing the knowledge of spatial variations in urban growth in transitional Chinese cities and assisting with sustainable urban and regional planning.</p><p>Using the Landsat satellite images from 1995 to 2015, this research explores urban expansion and its spatial patterns in second-tier Chinese cities, taking Tianjin, Hangzhou and Chengdu as examples, which are the leaders in the urbanization in Northern, Eastern and Western China, respectively. The study area includes the city proper in the three case study cities. Figure 1 shows the expansion of urban area in the three cities over the study time period. By visual inspection, it can be observed that the spatial pattern of urban land use growth varies across the three cities. For example, Tianjin has been largely expanding towards the east, particularly the Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been rapidly developed into a new city core. The city of Chengdu seems having been expanding toward all directions of the surrounding area, integrated with the adjacent towns into a larger urban agglomeration. Further work will focus on quantitative analysis of the spatial patterns of urban expansion using geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analytics, as well as the association between urban expansion and socioeconomic changes, with a reflection on the role of national/local policies.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial Heterogeneity in the Determinants of Urban Form: An Analysis of Chinese Cities with a GWR Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Li ◽  
Chunshan Zhou ◽  
Shaojian Wang ◽  
Shuang Gao ◽  
Zhitao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Shape Irregularity ◽  
Spatially Varying

It is of great significance to investigate the determinants of urban form for shaping sustainable urban form. Previous studies generally assumed the determinants of urban form did not vary across spatial units, without taking spatial heterogeneity into account. In order to advance the theoretical understanding of the determinants of urban form, this study attempted to examine the spatial heterogeneity in the determinants of urban form for 289 Chinese prefecture-level cities using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) method. The results revealed the spatially varying relationship between urban form and its underlying factors. Population growth was found to promote urban expansion in most Chinese cities, and decrease urban compactness in part of the Chinese cities. Cities with larger administrative areas were more likely to have dispersed urban form. Industrialization was demonstrated to have no impact on urban expansion in cities located in the eastern coastal region of China, which constitutes the country’s most developed regions. Local financial revenue was found to accelerate urban expansion and increase urban shape irregularity in many Chines cities. It was found that fixed investment exerted a bidirectional impact on urban expansion. In addition, urban road networks and public transit were also identified as the determinants of urban form for some cities, which supported the complex urban systems (CUS) theory. The policy implications emerging from this study lies in shaping sustainable urban form for China’s decision makers and urban planners.

Geographical Analysis of Entertainment Services in the City of Daratu Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-644
Author(s):  
Hoshmand Jawhar Abbas ◽  
Sanger Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Fatimah Qader Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

 The impact of the recreational services that exist within the group of services that are practiced within the geographical framework of the city, is not limited to the lives of its residents and their activities, but also on the residents of the surrounding areas. Recreational services contribute to providing diversified investment opportunities for leisure time, so that they are appropriate and beneficial to the health, comfort and well-being of the population at the lowest possible cost, without the goal of their establishment being financial gain, as they lead to the creation of mental, psychological and physical balance on the level of one individual and on the basis of society in a way. In general, recreational services are an integral part of urban activities in most cities of the world. Rather, the concept of modernity and urbanization in contemporary urban centers is measured to some extent by the availability of recreational facilities for their inhabitants, and the study also showed the low level of efficiency of recreational services in terms of their spatial distribution and numbers. As it is concentrated in some neighborhoods of the city, while it is less or absent in other neighborhoods, as well as not taking into account the planning standards in its distribution and during its construction in line with the population increase, urban expansion and the residents' needs for these services. The success in providing these different types of recreational facilities depends on how they are distributed geographically. The balanced distribution of these activities determines the success of the adopted plans in achieving the required goals and policies.

scholarly journals Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in Xi’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6649
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Dongqian Xue
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Western China ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Underdeveloped Areas ◽  
The City

China’s urban land use has shifted from incremental expansion to inventory eradication. The traditional extensive management mode is difficult to maintain, and the fundamental solution is to improve land use efficiency. Xi’an, the largest central city in Western China, was selected as the research area. The super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and Malmquist index method were used to measure the land use efficiency of each district and county in the city from the micro perspective, and the spatial-temporal change characteristics and main influencing factors of land use efficiency were analyzed, which not only made up for the research content of urban land use efficiency in China’s underdeveloped areas, but also pointed out the emphasis and direction for the improvement of urban land use efficiency. The results showed that: (1) The land use efficiency of Xi’an reflected the land use intensive level of the underdeveloped areas in Western China, that is, the overall intensive level was not high, the gap between the urban internal land use efficiency was large, the land use efficiency of the old urban area and the mature built-up area was relatively high, and the land use efficiency of the emerging expansion area and the edge area was relatively low. (2) Like the eastern economically developed areas, the land use efficiency of western economically underdeveloped areas was generally on the rise, while Xi’an showed the U-shaped upward evolution characteristics, and there were four types of changes in the city, that is, highly intensive, medium intensive, high–medium–low-intensive, and intensive–extensive. (3) Various cities should configure resources and optimize mechanism to improve their land use efficiency based on economic and social development. During the study period, Xi’an showed the law of evolution from the south edge area and the emerging expansion area to the main urban area. (4) The improvement of technological progress was the main contribution factor of the land use efficiency in underdeveloped areas of China, and the low-scale efficiency was the main influence factor that caused low land use efficiency. In future urban land use, efforts should be made to optimize and upgrade technology and strictly control the extensive use of land.

Urban Transformation in China, 1949 – 2000: A Review and Research Agenda

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1545-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence J C Ma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Spatial Reorganization ◽  
The Many

Through a review of the literature, the author identifies the achievements as well as the deficiencies in the study of China's urbanization and urbanism in the second half of the 20th century. A number of issues that merit scholarly research are suggested and the need for theorization is emphasized. During the last half century, Chinese cities underwent dramatic transformations as a consequence of two major systemic changes. During the first three decades after the socialist revolution of 1949, sustained low levels of urbanization and a brief episode of antiurbanism accompanied centralized planning and city-based industrialization. Since the economic reforms of 1978 Chinese cities have witnessed major economic and spatial shifts away from the socialist patterns. Among the many facets of urban transformation since 1978 are a more heterogeneous urban population, rural – urban migration, spatial reorganization through urban land-use change, new housing development, globalization, suburbanization, polycentric restructuring of urban form, and changes in the spatial/administrative systems of cities. It is argued that, as the Chinese economy is inherently political, political economy perspectives should be foregrounded to enrich our understanding of the complexity of China's economic and urban transformation. In this regard, the continuously powerful and multiple roles of the Party-state as the ultimate decisionmaker, regulator, and participant in the urban economy should be emphasized, despite globalization and decentralization of administrative and fiscal powers from the central to local levels. The Chinese trajectory of urban development is seen as more different from than similar to the experiences of other economies undergoing structural change away from socialism, and context-based country-specific theorization of urban change is called for. More general theories of urban transformation which are applicable to a number of former socialist nations, and which transcend the idiosyncrasies of individual countries, should be developed where possible. A closer engagement among scholars working on the urban development of China and those working on other former socialist countries is necessary if ‘the socialist city’ is to become a firm typology of cities.

scholarly journals ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF URBAN LAND USE ON THE EXAMPLE OF KRASNOYARSK

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
S. Badmaeva ◽  
E. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
City Development ◽  
The City

In the modern world, in using land resources, we are faced with a number of problems, this is more expressed in megacities, because the majority of the population of our planet lives in these territories. The article briefly analyzes the current state of Krasnoyarsk, physical-geographical and economic conditions of the city development. The issues of territorial planning in the city are considered on the example of the microdistrict "Pokrovsky". High-rise buildings and their crowding influenced on the formation of wind flows and dispersion of impurities. It is established that the building affects the wind speed, reducing it by nearly 25-30% compared to the undeveloped urban part. In a dense building, the wind speed can be reduced to 70%. Inefficient land use model is reflected in the quality of the living environment, including the connectivity of the territory. The infrastructure is developed for children of younger preschool age-yard areas are everywhere equipped with children's game elements. Social adaptability for the elderly in the district is poorly expressed. The issue of parking spaces is acute, and their lack indicates the impossibility of creating a neighborhood with a high level of quality of life. Local problems include the construction of noise screens along major highways, which have a low-quality design and technical solution. The provision of public transport is unsatisfactory. Spatially in the "intercession" we need a clear separation of yards and public spaces. Due to this, within the four large neighborhoods-quarters there will be a quasi-quarterly structure that helps to organize the hierarchy of spaces, eliminating or minimizing transit traffic through the yards.

scholarly journals Chasing the city that cannot stop: Exploring transportation and urban co-development in São Paulo’s history

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1075-1098
Author(s):  
Adriano Borges Costa ◽  
P. Christopher Zegras ◽  
Ciro Biderman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Road Development ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The City

We present a historical analysis of transportation and urban development in São Paulo (Brazil), attempting to discern Granger causal effects using historical land-use and transportation data from 1881 to 2013. Our results align with the hypothesis commonly stated in the literature about the relevance of road transportation in São Paulo’s peripheral urban expansion during the twentieth century. We find, however, more complex relationships, and changes in them, over time. Over the entire 130 years, we find that urban expansion and road development pushed and pulled each other, in a somewhat “orderly” way. On the other hand, while roads are not linked to densification, we find that mass transit infrastructure did lead to building densification. Distinguishing among distinct periods adds further insights. Examining São Paulo’s “streetcar era” we find joint development of streetcar lines and urban expansion – evidence of joint development consistent with “streetcar suburbs.” Streetcars also led to building densification during this early period. In subsequent decades, up until the mid-1970s, mass transit investments are virtually non-existent and road transportation essentially chases urban expansion, not vice versa. Finally, the last four decades reveal a return to “orderly” patterns of road expansion and urbanization but no evidence of mass transit infrastructure’s effects on urbanization or densification. The analysis illustrates how transportation investment choices have important consequences for urban growth, exerting long-lasting influences on its urban form.

scholarly journals A study of developing a spatial entity greenway in the case of Irbid City – Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Ansam Bzour ◽  
Istvan Valanszki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
City Development ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
To Come ◽  
Expansion Model ◽  
The City

Greenways are urban elements that are designed to show the linear consistency and connectivity between open green spaces and cause a development in the urban texture. As a city starts to grow, the absolute metropolitan development should be followed by an ongoing protection of the rural and urban territories. The nexus between the city development and the fortification of the open agricultural and rural lands is deemed a good strategy in order to result in a homogenous urban fabric of the city. The study aims to present a greenway model of development to work as a prototype applied on an existing route in Irbid City-Jordan by using the methods of testing and analyzing the route during the site visit and by using GIS base maps in order to come up with an absolute combination between monitoring the city growth, maintaining the quality of the agricultural lands and serving the public and local needs in order to result in a more balanced and controlled growth of the city. Irbid city is located in the northern part of Jordan with a radial urban expansion model of growth extending from the historical center and spreading toward the outskirts of the city. Regarding the significant increase in the number of population in Irbid City-Jordan since the 1970s until nowadays and the continuous need for habitats, there was a huge number of housing projects in the inner part of the city that expanded toward the outer part including the rural areas, resulting in a huge lack of agricultural lands and open recreational spaces where people can benefit from. Those spaces form an outlet of the city connected with the inner part by a route. Establishing a greenway along the route raises the integration between people and their lands and encourages farmers to develop and harvest. According to this study, the greenway development, which forms a breath out to the highly built-up area in the city, has become a great tool to result in tremendous beneficial outcomes to the city development.

scholarly journals The Detection of Changes in Land Use and Land Cover of Al- Kut City Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 747-760
Author(s):  
Fatima Asaad Tayeb ◽  
Ahmed Kareem Jebur ◽  
Husham H. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The City

Models of digital elevation (DEMs), which provide elevation information for the ground surface of the catchment, are core components of computer-based analyzes for drainage basins. Many production methods are available, including contour interpolation, DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) interpolation, and digital photogrammetry techniques. However, data on the precision and often contradictory nature of these three techniques are sparse. This study aims at identifying some of the contributing factors and comparing the accuracy of various approaches quantitatively. Changes in land coverage break ecosystem cycles, which may directly affect land ability to sustain human activity resulting in long-term trends of decline and inter-annual variability. It can be monitored at a spatial level of detail to enable the study of human-induced changes. Remote sensing techniques (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) methods have been used to extract the spatial and temporal changes of urban land use in the city of Al-Kut. The land sat satellite images taken in periods encompassing 1997, 2007, and 2017 are used. As a result, the city has lost a large part of its urban specificity and gained randomness and disorder in most of its residential neighborhoods, which was especially exacerbated after the change in the governing system in 2003. The results show an increase of 314% and 219% in industrial and residential areas, respectively, whereas agricultural land and open spaces have decreased by 66 % and 32%. The data analysis reveals a diagnostic relationship between land-use conversion and socio-economic drivers. This research sheds light on the total area changes of the Al-Kut city before and after 2003. It highlights the significant destruction of the city life, which was established over almost three centuries.

scholarly journals Urban Fire Dynamics and Its Association with Urban Growth: Evidence from Nanjing, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang Zhang ◽  
Jing Yao ◽  
Katarzyna Sila-Nowicka ◽  
Yuhao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Incident ◽  
Urban Fire ◽  
Spatial Analytics ◽  
The City

Many Chinese cities currently are facing increased urban fire risks particularly at places such as urban villages, high-rise buildings and large warehouses. Using a unique historical fire incident dataset (2002–2013), this paper is intended to explore the urban fire dynamics and its association with urban growth in Nanjing, China, with a geographical information system (GIS)-based spatial analytics and remote sensing (RS) techniques. A new method is proposed to define a range of fire hot spots characterizing different phases of fire incident evolution, which are compared with the urban growth in the same periods. The results suggest that the fire events have been largely concentrated in the city proper and meanwhile expanding towards the suburbs, which has a similar temporal trend to the growth of population and urban land at the city level particularly since 2008. Most intensifying and persistent fire hot spots are found in the central districts, which have limited urban expansion but high population densities. Most new hot spots are located in the suburban districts, which have seen both rapid population growth and urban expansion in recent years. However, the analysis at a finer spatial scale (500 m × 500 m) shows no evidences of an explicit connection between the locations of new fire hot spots and recently developed urban land. The findings can inform future urban and emergency planning with respect to the deployment of fire and rescue resources, ultimately improving urban fire safety.

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