scholarly journals Route Network Construction with Location-Direction-Enabled Photographs

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Fujita ◽  
Shota Sagara ◽  
Tadashi Ohmori ◽  
Takahiko Shintani
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Geometric Graph ◽  
Network Construction ◽  
Route Network ◽  
Route Information ◽  
Visual Continuity

We propose a method for constructing a geometric graph for generating routes that summarize a geographical area and also have visual continuity by using a set of location-direction-enabled photographs. A location- direction-enabled photograph is a photograph that has information about the location (position of the camera at the time of shooting) and the direction (direction of the camera at the time of shooting). Each nodes of the graph corresponds to a location-direction-enabled photograph. The location of each node is the location of the corresponding photograph, and a route on the graph corresponds to a route in the geographic area and a sequence of photographs. The proposed graph is constructed to represent characteristic spots and paths linking the spots, and it is assumed to be a kind of a spatial summarization of the area with the photographs. Therefore, we call the routes on the graph as spatial summary route. Each route on the proposed graph also has a visual continuity, which means that we can understand the spatial relationship among the continuous photographs on the route such as moving forward, backward, turning right, etc. In this study, when the changes in the shooting position and shooting direction satisfied a given threshold, the route was defined to have visual continuity. By presenting the photographs in order along the generated route, information can be presented sequentially, while maintaining visual continuity to a great extent.

scholarly journals The World Bacterial Biogeography and Biodiversity through Databases: A Case Study of NCBI Nucleotide Database and GBIF Database

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okba Selama ◽  
Phillip James ◽  
Farida Nateche ◽  
Elizabeth M. H. Wellington ◽  
Hocine Hacène
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nucleotide Database ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

Databases are an essential tool and resource within the field of bioinformatics. The primary aim of this study was to generate an overview of global bacterial biodiversity and biogeography using available data from the two largest public online databases, NCBI Nucleotide and GBIF. The secondary aim was to highlight the contribution each geographic area has to each database. The basis for data analysis of this study was the metadata provided by both databases, mainly, the taxonomy and the geographical area origin of isolation of the microorganism (record). These were directly obtained from GBIF through the online interface, whileE-utilitiesandPythonwere used in combination with a programmatic web service access to obtain data from the NCBI Nucleotide Database. Results indicate that the American continent, and more specifically the USA, is the top contributor, while Africa and Antarctica are less well represented. This highlights the imbalance of exploration within these areas rather than any reduction in biodiversity. This study describes a novel approach to generating global scale patterns of bacterial biodiversity and biogeography and indicates that theProteobacteriaare the most abundant and widely distributed phylum within both databases.

scholarly journals In situ variation in leaf anatomy and morphology of Andira legalis (Leguminosae) in two neighbouring but contrasting light environments in a Brazilian sandy coastal plain

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Carvalho Pereira ◽  
Cláudia Franca Barros ◽  
Fabio Rubio Scarano
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Morphology Parameters ◽  
Andira Legalis

Andira legalis (Vell.) Toledo is a legume shrub widespread along the sandy plains of the Brazilian coast. It occurs both shaded, in forest habitats, or exposed to full sunlight, in the vegetation islands growing on sand deposits. Previous studies reported a high range of morpho-physiological variation for this species along a geographical gradient. This study compared leaf morphology and anatomy of A. legalis in two distinct but adjacent light environments: a dense forest (shaded) and a scrub of Palmae (exposed). We studied the amplitude of variation for these traits within a small (0.5 ha) geographical area. Leaf anatomy parameters were measured for five leaves collected from five plants in each habitat. The parameters measured were leaf and mesophyll thickness, thickness of the outer periclinal cell wall, thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis and vascular bundle transversal section area, and also common epidermal cells, stomata and trichome density. Leaf morphology parameters were obtained from five leaves of each of 20 plants in each site. Dry and fresh weights were measured to obtain leaf specific mass and succulence. All anatomy and morphology parameters, except trichome density, were significantly higher for the sun-exposed plants. Less expected, however, was the marked qualitative difference between exposed and shaded plants: in the former the mesophyll had a unilateral symmetry (i.e., the whole mesophyll occupied by photosynthetic tissue), whereas in the latter there was a dorsiventral symmetry (i.e., partly palisade and partly spongy parenchyma). Such amplitude of variation shows that even within a small geographic area A. legalis has a broad ecological plasticity.

scholarly journals The Cubit: A History and Measurement Commentary

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Francis Galton ◽  
Over Time

Historical dimensions for the cubit are provided by scripture and pyramid documentation. Additional dimensions from the Middle East are found in other early documents. Two major dimensions emerge from a history of the cubit. The first is the anthropological or short cubit, and the second is the architectual or long cubit. The wide geographical area and long chronological period suggest that cubit dimensions varied over time and geographic area. Greek and Roman conquests led to standardization. More recent dimensions are provided from a study by Francis Galton based upon his investigations into anthropometry. The subjects for Galton’s study and those of several other investigators lacked adequate sample descriptions for producing a satisfactory cubit/forearm dimension. This finding is not surprising given the demise of the cubit in today’s world. Contemporary dimensions from military and civilian anthropometry for the forearm and hand allow comparison to the ancient unit. Although there appears no pressing need for a forearm-hand/cubit dimension, the half-yard or half-meter unit seems a useful one that could see more application.

scholarly journals Usability of Spatial Analysis for Improving the Functioning of the Blood Donation System in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (335) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Sebastian Twaróg ◽  
Anna Ojrzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
Self Sufficiency

The paper aims at understanding how blood resources are formed at the entrance to the blood donation in the spatial and age section and formulating on the basis of this assessment recommendations that help improve the health safety of the State in the area of self‑sufficiency of blood supplies. The success of the functioning of blood donation primarily depends on the resource management of blood and its components that seeks to equate supply and demand for blood and its components at any time. Such a situation is possible when a sufficient number of blood donors are available. The research employed a shift‑share analysis that is used to study structural changes in economic and social phenomena that may occur in a geographical area within a specified period of time. To account for the fact that each province does not exist as a separate geographic area but depends on its spatial interactions with neighbouring areas, the study also used a spatial shift‑share analysis. The results will be used to assess the dynamics of changes in the number of blood donors, resulting from the age structure of blood donors in a particular province (a structural effect) and from changes in the internal situation of the competitiveness of a given area (a geographic effect). Knowledge concerning the nature of these changes can be helpful in developing specific tools that would encourage donors (including the potential ones) to donate blood.

scholarly journals The suffering of Bosniaks in the recent war in the area of Sućeska in the municipality of Srebrenica

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-325
Author(s):  
Alija Suljić ◽  
◽  
Amir Halilović ◽  
Nusret Hodžić ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

Sućeska is a physio-geographical and anthropogeographical area in the northwestern part of the Srebrenica municipality. In the narrow sense, this area is bordered by Zeleni Jadar river canyon in the south and the valley of the Bukovica river in the north. In a broader sense, the area of Sućeska includes the area between the upper basin of the Potočari River, in the north, and plateau of Podravnje, in the south. The western border is the valley of the river Zeleni Jadar, and in the east it is the area of springs of the Kazani river and Kutlicka river. These boundaries of the Sućeska region should be taken on a conditional basis, because in the defining boundaries of an area should also be consider the anthropogeographical features of the area, such as the historical development of the area, ethno-geographical and cultural-geographical features, then the sense of mutual affiliation to some geographical area, etc. In the Middle Ages, area of Sućeska belonged to the Trebotići parish, with a much larger area, which included a large part of the upper and middle river flow of the river Zeleni Jadar.Taking into account cultural, ethnographic and historical facts, the geographic area of Sućeska includes the following inhabited places: Bostahovine, Brakovci, Bučinovići, Bučje, Kutuzero, Lipovac, Opetci, Podgaj, Podosoje, Slatina, Staroglavice, Sućeska i Žedanjsko. The area of Sućeska is approximately 64.3 square kilometers and covers the territory of thirteen populated places in the northwestern part of the municipality of Srebrenica. According to the population census of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991, there were 638 households in the area of Sućeska, with an average size of 5.1 members, and a total population of 3,291 members, mostly Bosniaks ethnicity. According to the latest census of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina conducted in 2013, 1,475 people (757 women) lived in Sucesska, of which 1,461 Bosniak people (751 women). The paper presents the most important demographic consequences of war suffering of Bosniaks, in the area of Sućeska, in the municipality of Srebrenica, particulary during the genocide in so called "UN Safe Area of Srebrenica" , in July 1995. During the aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina, 118 Bosniak were killed, including 33 of the female, of the average age of 38.1 years. The average age of killed men was 36.4 years. Number of the widows whose husbands were killed is 50, with 111 children orphans, with an average age of 10.6 years. During the genocide, 619 people were killed, including 9 women, with the average age of 60.1 years. The average age of killed men, the victims of genocide, was 35.6 years. Number of the widows whose husbands were killed is 383, with 624 children orphans, with an average age of 7.9 years. Until today, there are less than 500 Bosniaks living in the area of Sućeska, and more than 600 people whose living outside Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly in the United States of America.

An Analysis of Late-Horizon Settlement Patterns in the Teotihuacan-Temascalapa Basins: A Location-Allocation and GIS-Based Approach

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Ruggles ◽  
Richard L. Church
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Late Horizon

The general interest of linking GIS capabilities and location-allocation (L-A) techniques to investigate certain spatial problems should be evident. The techniques and the technology are often complementary. A GIS can provide, manage, and display data that L-A models require; in turn, L-A models can enhance GIS analytic capabilities. This combination of information management and analysis should have wide appeal. The technique and technology may be especially wellmatched when one considers many of the special requirements of archaeological applications of L-A models. We intend to investigate and illustrate the value of such a combined approach though the example of a regional settlement analysis of the Late Horizon Basin of Mexico. Geographic information systems are increasingly common in archaeology. Their ability to manage, store, manipulate, and present spatial data is of real value, since the spatial relationship between objects is often an archaeological artifact in its own right. Space is central to both archaeological data (Spaulding 1960; Savage 1990a) and theory (Green 1990). Although GIS may not always offer intrinsically new and different manipulations or analyses of the data, they can make certain techniques easier to apply. There is a wide spectrum of GIS-based modeling applications in archaeology (Allen 1990; Savage 1990a). The anchors of this spectrum range from the use of GIS in the public sector in cultural resource management settings to more research-oriented applications. The strongest development of GIS-based archaeological modeling is probably in the former context. Models developed here are predominantly what Warren (1990) identifies as “inductive” predictive models where patterns in the empirical observations are recognized, usually using statistical methods or probability models. This type of application is usually identified with “site location” modeling (Savage 1990a). As defined, these models do not predict the probable locations of individual sites but rather calculate the probability that a geographic area will contain a site, given its environmental characteristics (Carmichael 1990: 218). The primary role of GIS in many of these applications is to manage and integrate spatial information and feed it to some exterior model.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Urban Jobs–Housing Location Selection and Spatial Relationship Using a Multi-Agent Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Weihua Zeng ◽  
Ruoxin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Multi Agent

The jobs–housing balance concerns the spatial relationship between the number of jobs and housing units within a given geographical area. Due to the separation of jobs and housing, spatial dislocations have occurred in large cities, which have resulted in a significant increase in commuting distance and time. These changes have ultimately led to an increase in pressure on urban traffic, and the formation of tidal traffic. In this study we introduce a multi-agent approach to examine the jobs–housing relationship under the maximum location utility of agents. The jobs/housing ratio measures the balance of the of jobs–housing relationship, as well as comparing and analyzing jobs–housing separation in Beijing by district, county, and street scales. An agent-based model was proposed to simulate spatial location selection behavior of agents by considering environmental and economical influences on residential decisions of individuals. Results show that the jobs–housing relationship imbalance in Beijing has been mainly aggravated due to rapid population growth in the 6th Ring Road. An imbalance in the jobs–housing relationship has arisen due to a mismatch with the number of households available compared to the number of jobs; the surrounding urban areas cannot provide the required volume of housing to accommodate the increase in workers. Six sets of experiments were established to examine resident agents and enterprise agents. Differences in resident agents’ income level had a greater impact on residential location decision-making, and housing price was the primary factor affecting the decision of residents to choose their residential location. The spatial distribution of jobs and housing in Beijing under the maximization of micro-agent location utility was obtained in this study. Results indicated that the imbalance in the jobs¬-housing relationship in central Beijing has improved and, compared with the initial distributions, the number of jobs–housing balance areas in Beijing has increased.

A CLINICAL STUDY OF PATIENT WITH FEBRILE ILLNESS HOSPITALIZED IN HAMIDIA HOSPITAL BHOPAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Manish Modi ◽  
R.S. Jagat ◽  
R.R. Barde ◽  
Sudha Alawe ◽  
K.K. Kawre
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systemic Examination

Background: A better understanding of the prevalence and causes of undifferentiated febrile illness in the concerned geographic area would help in limiting the vast diagnostic workup to nd aetiological agent and guide to an optimal treatment to avoid unwanted usage of antibiotics and antimalarials. The present study was thus conducted to study etiological, hematological, clinical prole of patients presenting with undifferentiated febrile illness. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study on adults with acute febrile illness admitted in tertiary care Hospital Bhopal for a period of 2 years on acute illinfected patient belonging to age group of 18-70 years. Detailed history regarding presenting complaints along with ndings of general and systemic examination were documented in questionnaire. Blood samples were subjected to investigations to identify underlying etiology. Results: Mean age of 200 patients presenting with undifferentiated febrile illness was 39.67±17.4 years. Acute febrile illness without localizing sign was documented in 30% cases followed by LRTI (16.5%), CKD (6.5%), pneumonia (6%) and TBM (5.5%). WBC counts were raised (>11000) in 30% patients indicative of bacterial etiology whereas it was WBC counts were reduced in 2% patients suggestive of viral etiology. Platelet counts were decreased in around 43.5% patients in present study. Malarial parasite was observed in 1 (0.5%) patient whereas Widal test was positive in 3.5% patients. Conclusions: Knowledge regarding cause and clinical prole of AFIs in particular geographical area is helpful in early diagnosis and management such cases. In present study, the febrile illness presented without localizing sign whereas malaria and enteric fever were conrmed in only few cases. However non-specic test such as CBC and RFT, LFT were helpful in identifying underlying etiology as bacterial or viral.

Menacanthus bonariensis new species (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), parasitic on the White-bellied Sparrow, Zonotrichia capensishypoleuca (Todd, 1915) (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae) in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 358 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARMANDO C. CICCHINO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Zonotrichia Capensis ◽  
Spinous Processes ◽  
Subgenital Plate ◽  
Different Populations

The new species Menacanthus bonariensis is described and illustrated from specimens collected off Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca (Todd, 1915) from coastal areas in the NE of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Morphologically the new species is close to M. robustus (Kellogg, 1896), but with larger females, longer ocular seta 19 and ventral spinous processes, greater number of setae on certain tergites and sternites, and fewer setae in the subgenital plate. Descriptions of the male, the three nymphal instars and the egg are also included, with comments on prevalence and spatial relationship with other species of lice of the genera Philopterus Nitzsch, 1818, Ricinus De Geer, 1778 and Machaerilaemus Harrison, 1916, which are found on this host in different populations of the geographical area mentioned above.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing Protocol based on Clustering for Multi-Hop Infrastructure-Less Wireless Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5639-5642
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Set Up

The evolution of mobile computing devices to share information has forced mobile users to opt for a Wide Area Network (WAN). Infrastructure-less network has captured all the surroundings. Therefore, in this work a Cluster based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (CERP) for has been proposed for multi-hop infrastructure-less wireless networks and has been compared with widespread existing protocols. This routing protocol has the capability to identify the backbones from all the existing nodes within the network and circulate them within acceptable time limit. CERP backbones maintain its unique arrangement. They remain stimulated for multi-hop packet hoping while remaining in power budgeting mode. The alternative sensor nodes occasionally check if the present nodes are awaken and can set up itself as the backbone of the network. In order to identify the nodes that are not required and to regulate backbone within specifically defined geographical area, researchers opt to organize a scrutinizer from the backbone. This has to be done beneath them and also in between of the geographic area of the entire network. It has been predicted that the amount of energy saved using proposed protocol will amplify exclusively up to some extent once the density increases.

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