scholarly journals Geospatial literacy in Africa-Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raimi Abidemi Asiyanbola
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Geospatial Technologies ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Policy ◽  
Geographic Literacy

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Literature reveals that geography has always been a critical type of information that humans – in fact all animals – collect, organize, and use, and that place-based information is vital to survival on our planet. Geographic literacy is defined as the ability to apply geographic skills and understanding in personal and civic lives. The growing interest has been sparked by an understanding of the role that spatial literacy plays in implementation of geospatial technologies such as computer, cell phone, internet, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and global positioning systems (GPS). These technologies are fundamentally changing how we see the world and interact with it. This paper examines geospatial literacy, with reference to people’s awareness and use of geospatial literacy aid technologies in Ibadan metropolitan area, Nigeria. The research questions that the paper addresses include the following: How are people’s knowledge of computer, cell phone and internet? How are people’s awareness of geospatial literacy aid technologies? How are people using geospatial literacy aid technologies? Are people interested in learning more on how to use geospatial literacy aid technologies? What are the challenges confronting the people? The data used in the paper was from administration of 152 questionnaires to civil servants in five local governments in Ibadan metropolitan area and at the Oyo State Government Secretariat in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria between February and August, 2017. Descriptive statistics are used to analyse the data. Policy implications of the findings towards improving human capacity building in geospatial literacy aid technologies were discussed in the paper.</p>

scholarly journals Budget Policy to Eradicate Education Inequality in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
Adi Nugroho Arianto ◽  
Yusuf Edy ◽  
Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
The People ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Budget Policy

Education is one of the important factors of economic development. In recent implementation, the education cannot be obtained equally by the people of Indonesia. Based on Law no. 23/2014 on Local Government, education is the responsibility of the local governments, and there is a potency of inequality in the implantation of the education development, due to the different budget capabilities in each region. This study aims to determine the level of convergence of local government budgets in Indonesia. Using statistical estimation models, and data covering of 33 provinces in Indonesia, the study finds that the convergence on total revenue will occur on all Indonesian region for a long time but not in education spending. The policy implications on education in Indonesia are different across regions.

Relationship between availability of basic amenities and proportion of Slum population in Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1354
Author(s):  
Dr. Sakreen Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Class I ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
The People ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Slum Population

The urban centers offering diverse employment opportunities and means of livelihood are the main centers of attraction for migration. But the availability of infrastructure is low to accommodate the invariably growing population. The access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, wastewater outlet and clean fuel are critical determinants of quality of urbanization. And if it lacks, then it would facilitates the growth of slum.  In this paper it being tried to capture the interdependent relationship between basic amenities and slum population residing in the class I towns in Maharashtra; largest slum populated state of India. As the slum is all about the situation or condition in which the people of medium and lower strata are living. A detailed analysis of proportion of slum population and availability of amenities which includes good housing condition, treated tap water as the source of drinking water, electricity as the source of lightning, households having latrine and bathing facility within the premises, waste water outlet connected to closed drainage, and households availing the banking facilities. This may be a limitation of the study that only these indicators have been taken to assess the availability of amenities and to calculate the amenity index of class I towns of the state of Maharashtra. To achieve the sustainable development goal (Sustainable cities and communities), we have to control the growth of slum population and to combat the formation of slum; we have to analyze the situation of basic infrastructure provided in urban centers. Amenities and slum population has policy implications as to reduce the slum population, provide basic amenities to the households which will improve their standard of living and ultimately lead to reduction in growth of slum and check the future slum formation.

GST - Sway On Small Scale Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Jayanti.G ◽  
Dr. V.Selvam
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
The People ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Government

India being a democratic and republic country, has witnessed the biggest indirect tax reform after much exploration, GST bill roll out on 1 April 2017.  The concept of this reform is for a unified country-wide tax reform system.  Enterprises particularly SMEs are caught in a state of instability.  Several taxes such s excise, service tax etc., have been subsumed with a single tax structure. it is the responsibilities of both centre and state government to shoulder the important responsibility to cater the needs of the people and the nation as a whole.  The main basis of income to the government is through levy of taxes.  To meet the so called socio-economic needs and economic growth, taxes are considered as a main source of revenue for the government.  As per Wikipedia “A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon tax payer by the government in order to fund various public expenditure”   it is said that tax payment is mandatory, failure to pay such taxes will be punishable under the law.   The Indian tax system is classified as direct and indirect tax.   The indirect taxes are levied on purchase, sale, and manufacture of goods and provision of service.  The indirect tax on goods and services increases its price, this can lead to inflationary trend.  Contribution of indirect taxes to total tax revenue is more than 50% in India, therefore, indirect tax is considered as a major source of tax revenue for the government, which in turn is one of source for GDP growth.  Though indirect tax is a major source of revenue, it had lot of hassles.  To overcome the major issues of indirect tax system the government of India subsumed most of the indirect tax which in turn gave birth to the concept called Goods and Service Tax.

JUSTICE AND SOCIAL CHANGE FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA AND ASEAN FOR DISABLED PERSONS (STUDY ON PEOPLE AFFECTED BY LEPROSY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nuah Perdamenta Tarigan ◽  
Christian Siregar ◽  
Simon Mangatur Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The People ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right

Justice that has not existed and is apparent among the disabilities in Indonesia is very large and spread in the archipelago is very large, making the issue of equality is a very important thing especially with the publication of the Disability Act No. 8 of 2016 at the beginning of that year. Only a few provinces that understand properly and well on open and potential issues and issues will affect other areas including the increasingly growing number of elderly people in Indonesia due to the increasing welfare of the people. The government of DKI Jakarta, including the most concerned with disability, from the beginning has set a bold step to defend things related to disability, including local governments in Solo, Bali, Makassar and several other areas. Leprosy belonging to the disability community has a very tough marginalization, the disability that arises from leprosy quite a lot, reaches ten percent more and covers the poor areas of Indonesia, such as Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, South Sulawesi Provinces and even East Java and West Java and Central Java Provinces. If we compare again with the ASEAN countries we also do not miss the moment in ratifying the CRPD (Convention of Rights for People with Disability) into the Law of Disability No. 8 of 2016 which, although already published but still get rejections in some sections because do not provide proper empowerment and rights equality. The struggle is long and must be continued to build equal rights in all areas, not only health and welfare but also in the right of the right to receive continuous inclusive education.

scholarly journals Inclusionary Housing: An Evaluation of a New Public Rental Housing Governance Instrument in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Juan Yan ◽  
Marietta Haffner ◽  
Marja Elsinga
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Inclusionary Housing ◽  
The Cost

Inclusionary housing (IH) is a regulatory instrument adopted by local governments in many countries to produce affordable housing by capturing resources created through the marketplace. In order to assess whether it is efficient, scholarly attention has been widely focused on its evaluation. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating IH from a governance perspective. Since IH is about involving private actors in affordable housing production, the governance point of view of cooperating governmental and non-governmental actors governing society to achieve societal goals is highly relevant. The two most important elements of governance—actors and interrelationships among these actors—are taken to build an analytical framework to explore and evaluate the governance of IH. Based on a research approach that combines a literature review and a case study of China, this paper concludes that the ineffective governance of Chinese IH is based on three challenges: (1) The distribution of costs and benefits across actors is unequal since private developers bear the cost, but do not enjoy the increments of land value; (2) there is no sufficient compensation for developers to offset the cost; and (3) there is no room for negotiations for flexibility in a declining market. Given that IH is favored in many Chinese cities, this paper offers the policy implications: local governments should bear more costs of IH, rethink their relations with developers, provide flexible compliance options for developers, and perform differently in a flourishing housing market and a declining housing market.

Local governance and the crisis of water and sanitation provision in medium-sized urban centres: Evidence from three cities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 026909422110353
Author(s):  
Kayode J Samuel ◽  
Samuel B Agbola ◽  
Olorunfemi A Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The People ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Basic Services

Local governance encompasses the involvement of local governments and other community-based organizations in participatory decision-making for efficient delivery of public services. In the developing world, however, the weakness of the local government and local governance has inhibited the efficient and effective delivery of these services. Relying on water and sanitation data and interviews of relevant officials, this study analyses the structure of governance of water supply and sanitation (WSS) at the community levels in selected medium-sized urban centres in Nigeria. Results showed that majority of the city dwellers lacked access to safe water and sanitation, an indication of convoluted, poorly regulated provision regimes and the waning capacity of local governments to galvanize local actions towards the efficient provision and management of these services at community levels. Multiple provision regimes, weak coordinating and regulatory frameworks characterize WSS governance. Further, the sub-national authorities’ encroachment on local government funds which deprived these tiers of government the resources they could have used in providing these essential services presents a major setback. Local governments require financial and constitutional autonomy to provide basic services to the people and supervise and coordinate the activities of other governmental and non-governmental actors involved in service provision.

scholarly journals Zero Carbon Building Practices in Aotearoa New Zealand

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4455
Author(s):  
Thao Thi Phuong Bui ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson ◽  
Niluka Domingo ◽  
Casimir MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Zero Carbon

In the light of climate change, the drive for zero carbon buildings is known as one response to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Within New Zealand, research on climate change mitigation and environmental impacts of buildings has received renewed attention. However, there has been no detailed investigation of zero carbon building practices. This paper undertakes an exploratory study through the use of semi-structured interviews with government representatives and construction industry experts to examine how the New Zealand construction industry plans and implements zero carbon buildings. The results show that New Zealand’s construction industry is in the early stage of transiting to a net-zero carbon built environment. Key actions to date are focused on devising a way for the industry to develop and deliver zero carbon building projects. Central and local governments play a leading role in driving zero carbon initiatives. Leading construction firms intend to maximise the carbon reduction in building projects by developing a roadmap to achieve the carbon target by 2050 and rethinking the way of designing and constructing buildings. The research results provide an insight into the initial practices and policy implications for the uptake of zero carbon buildings in Aotearoa New Zealand.

scholarly journals Sexual Health in Spanish People with Intellectual Disability: the Impact of the Lockdown due to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolores Gil-Llario ◽  
Irene Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Vicente Morell-Mengual ◽  
Beatriz Gil-Juliá ◽  
Rafael Ballester-Arnal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The People ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The lockdown due to COVID-19 affected the sexual health of the people with intellectual disabilities by differentially modifying the frequency and characteristics of people’s sexual activity depending on whether or not they lived with a partner during this period. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent to which the sexual behavior of people with intellectual disabilities (with and without a partner) was affected during the lockdown. Methods The sample consisted of 73 people with intellectual disabilities between 21 and 63 years old (M = 39.63; SD = 10.11). The variables analyzed were the physical, social, and technological environment during the lockdown, sexual appetite, sexual behavior, online sexual activity, and sexual abuse. The data were collected between the months of May and June of 2020. Results The lockdown increased the sexual appetite of a third of the sample (38%), especially the youngest participants. Sexual activity focused on autoeroticism and online behavior, particularly sending nude images of oneself (88%) and viewing pornography (83.6%). Rates of sexual abuse during this period were relatively high (6.8%). Conclusions The sexual activity of people with ID was important during the lockdown, and they had to adapt to the circumstances of isolation in a similar way to the general population. Technological improvements in terms of devices and connection quality at home allowed their sexual behavior to be reoriented, opening the door to new risks for the sexual health of people with ID. Policy Implications Cybersex and the increase in sexual abuse due to confinement are aspects that should be included in programs to improve the sexual health of this group.

The Future of the American States

1936 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brooke Graves
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Federal System ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
American States ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
The University

In any consideration of the future of the states, it is desirable at the outset to recall the circumstances of their development and of their entry into the Union. When the present Constitution was framed and adopted, the states were more than a century and a half old. At that time, and for many years thereafter, it was the states to which the people gave their primary allegiance. Under the Articles of Confederation, the strength of the states was so great that the central government was unable to function; when the Constitution was framed, the people were still greatly concerned about “states' rights.” This priority of the states in the federal system continued through the nineteenth century, down to the period of the Civil War; in the closing decades of that century, state government sank into the depths in an orgy of graft and corruption and inefficiency, which resulted in a wave of state constitutional restrictions, particularly upon legislative powers.At this time, when the prestige and efficiency of the state governments were at their lowest ebb, there began to appear ringing indictments of the whole state system. Most conspicuous of these were the well known writings of Professors John W. Burgess, of Columbia University, and Simon N. Patten, of the University of Pennsylvania.

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