scholarly journals ESTIMATING HOURLY PM<sub>2.5</sub> CONCENTRATIONS FROM HIMAWARI-8 AOD OVER HUBEI PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
X. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Mixed Effect

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Satellite remote sensing can effectively estimate the particulate matter on a large scale. Polar-orbiting satellites have limited frequency of observations, which cannot help us understand PM<sub>2.5</sub> evolution. The observation frequency of Himawari-8, a geostationary meteorological satellite, increases to at least once every 10<span class="thinspace"></span>min. Besides, this satellite can provide the hourly aerosol optical depth (AOD). PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration is closely associated with changes in wind speed. The air quality changes with the variations of wind direction and speed. In Hubei Province, the daily average wind speed varies greatly, while the wind significantly impacts the PM<sub>2.5</sub> diffusion. In the present study, a mixed effect regression model is developed which predicts ground-level hourly PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in Hubei province and analyzes the hourly time variation trend and spatial distribution characteristics of the near ground PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations using the annual Himawar-8 Level 2 aerosol product in 2016. The estimated hourly PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations are consistent well with the surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> measurements with high <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> (0.74) and low RMSE (20.5<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;mu;g∙m<sup>&amp;minus;3</sup>). The average estimated PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Hubei province during the study is about 46.1<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;mu;g∙m<sup>&amp;minus;3</sup>. A clear regional distribution is shown in the spatial distribution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, and the PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations in the central and eastern regions of Hubei Province is significant higher than that of the western region; from the perspective of time change, the pollution peak appears at 15<span class="thinspace"></span>o'clock in the local time, the average concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub> reaches 50.1<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;plusmn;<span class="thinspace"></span>21.8<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;mu;g∙m<sup>&amp;minus;3</sup>; the pollution reaches the lightest at 9<span class="thinspace"></span>o'clock a.m., and the average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations is 41.7<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;plusmn;<span class="thinspace"></span>17.5<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;mu;g∙m<sup>&amp;minus;3</sup>. These results are conducive to assessing surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and monitoring regional air quality.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Circulation Effects on Wind Speed Variability at Turbine Height

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Klink
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Circulation Index ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North

Abstract Mean monthly wind speed at 70 m above ground level is investigated for 11 sites in Minnesota for the period 1995–2003. Wind speeds at these sites show significant spatial and temporal coherence, with prolonged periods of above- and below-normal values that can persist for as long as 12 months. Monthly variation in wind speed primarily is determined by the north–south pressure gradient, which captures between 22% and 47% of the variability (depending on the site). Regression on wind speed residuals (pressure gradient effects removed) shows that an additional 6%–15% of the variation can be related to the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Niño-3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Wind speeds showed little correspondence with variation in the Pacific–North American (PNA) circulation index. The effect of the strong El Niño of 1997/98 on the wind speed time series was investigated by recomputing the regression equations with this period excluded. The north–south pressure gradient remains the primary determinant of mean monthly 70-m wind speeds, but with 1997/98 removed the influence of the AO increases at nearly all stations while the importance of the Niño-3.4 SSTs generally decreases. Relationships with the PNA remain small. These results suggest that long-term patterns of low-frequency wind speed (and thus wind power) variability can be estimated using large-scale circulation features as represented by large-scale climatic datasets and by climate-change models.

scholarly journals Hybrid Renewable Hydrogen Energy Solution for Application in Remote Mines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6365
Author(s):  
Hosein Kalantari ◽  
Seyed Ali Ghoreishi-Madiseh ◽  
Agus P. Sasmito
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Carbon Footprints

Mining operations in remote locations rely heavily on diesel fuel for the electricity, haulage and heating demands. Such significant diesel dependency imposes large carbon footprints to these mines. Consequently, mining companies are looking for better energy strategies to lower their carbon footprints. Renewable energies can relieve this over-reliance on fossil fuels. Yet, in spite of their many advantages, renewable systems deployment on a large scale has been very limited, mainly due to the high battery storage system. Using hydrogen for energy storage purposes due to its relatively cheaper technology can facilitate the application of renewable energies in the mining industry. Such cost-prohibitive issues prevent achieving 100% penetration rate of renewables in mining applications. This paper offers a novel integrated renewable–multi-storage (wind turbine/battery/fuel cell/thermal storage) solution with six different configurations to secure 100% off-grid mining power supply as a stand-alone system. A detailed comparison between the proposed configurations is presented with recommendations for implementation. A parametric study is also performed, identifying the effect of different parameters (i.e., wind speed, battery market price, and fuel cell market price) on economics of the system. The result of the present study reveals that standalone renewable energy deployment in mine settings is technically and economically feasible with the current market prices, depending on the average wind speed at the mine location.

scholarly journals Assessment of Wind Energy Potential In Zwara, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan A. Teyabeen ◽  
Fathi R. Akkari ◽  
Ali E. Jwaid ◽  
Ashraf Zaghwan ◽  
Rehab Abodelah
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Resource

To assess the wind energy potential at any site, the wind power density should be estimated; it evaluates the wind resource and indicates the amount of available wind energy. The purpose of this study is to estimate the monthly and annual wind power density based on the Weibull distribution using wind speed data collected in Zwara, Libya during 2007. The wind date are measured at the three hub heights of 10m, 30m, and 50m above ground level, and recorded every 10 minutes. The analysis showed that the annual average wind speed are 4.51, 5.86, 6.26 m/s for the respective mentioned heights. The average annual wind power densities at the mentioned heights were 113.71, 204.19, 243.48 , respectively.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of Wind Turbines Based on Estimated Wind Speed under Turbulent Conditions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil ◽  
Saeed Alyami ◽  
Khairy Sayed ◽  
Ayman Alhejji
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Tower Shadow

Large-scale wind turbines with a large blade radius rotates under fluctuating conditions depending on the blade position. The wind speed is maximum in the highest point when the blade in the upward position and minimum in the lowest point when the blade in the downward position. The spatial distribution of wind speed, which is known as the wind shear, leads to periodic fluctuations in the turbine rotor, which causes fluctuations in the generator output voltage and power. In addition, the turbine torque is affected by other factors such as tower shadow and turbine inertia. The space between the blade and tower, the tower diameter, and the blade diameter are very critical design factors that should be considered to reduce the output power fluctuations of a wind turbine generator. To model realistic characteristics while considering the critical factors of a wind turbine system, a wind turbine model is implemented using a squirrel-cage induction motor. Since the wind speed is the most important factor in modeling the aerodynamics of wind turbine, an accurate measurement or estimation is essential to have a valid model. This paper estimates the average wind speed, instead of measuring, from the generator power and rotating speed and models the turbine’s aerodynamics, including tower shadow and wind shear components, without having to measure the wind speed at any height. The proposed algorithm overcomes the errors of measuring wind speed in single or multiple locations by estimating the wind speed with estimation error less than 2%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different WRF Parametrizations over the Region of Iași with Remote Sensing Techniques

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulian-Alin Roșu ◽  
Silvia Ferrarese ◽  
Irina Radinschi ◽  
Vasilica Ciocan ◽  
Marius-Mihai Cazacu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to present an evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with multiple instruments when applied to a humid continental region, in this case, the region around the city of Iași, Romania. A series of output parameters are compared with observed data, obtained on-site, with a focus on the Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) and on PBLH-related parametrizations used by the WRF model. The impact of each different parametrization on physical quantities is highlighted during the two chosen measurement intervals, both of them in the warm season of 2016 and 2017, respectively. The instruments used to obtain real data to compare to the WRF simulations are: a lidar platform, a photometer, and ground-level (GL) meteorological instrumentation for the measurement of temperature, average wind speed, and pressure. Maps of PBLH and 2   m above ground-level (AGL) atmospheric temperature are also presented, compared to a topological and relief map of the inner nest of the WRF simulation. Finally, a comprehensive simulation performance evaluation of PBLH, temperature, wind speed, and pressure at the surface and total precipitable water vapor is performed.

scholarly journals Large-scale particulate air pollution and chemical fingerprint of volcanic sulfate aerosols from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun flood lava eruption of Bárðarbunga volcano (Iceland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 14253-14287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Boichu ◽  
Olivier Favez ◽  
Véronique Riffault ◽  
Jean-Eudes Petit ◽  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Fingerprint ◽  
Chemical Signature ◽  
Volcanic Source ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Volcanic sulfate aerosols play a key role in air quality and climate. However, the rate of oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) precursor gas to sulfate aerosols (SO42-) in volcanic plumes is poorly known, especially in the troposphere. Here we determine the chemical speciation as well as the intensity and temporal persistence of the impact on air quality of sulfate aerosols from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun flood lava eruption of Icelandic volcano Bárðarbunga. To do so, we jointly analyse a set of SO2 observations from satellite (OMPS and IASI) and ground-level measurements from air quality monitoring stations together with high temporal resolution mass spectrometry measurements of an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) performed far from the volcanic source. We explore month/year long ACSM data in France from stations in contrasting environments, close and far from industrial sulfur-rich activities. We demonstrate that volcanic sulfate aerosols exhibit a distinct chemical signature in urban/rural conditions, with NO3:SO4 mass concentration ratios lower than for non-volcanic background aerosols. These results are supported by thermodynamic simulations of aerosol composition, using the ISORROPIA II model, which show that ammonium sulfate aerosols are preferentially formed at a high concentration of sulfate, leading to a decrease in the production of particulate ammonium nitrate. Such a chemical signature is however more difficult to identify at heavily polluted industrial sites due to a high level of background noise in sulfur. Nevertheless, aged volcanic sulfates can be distinguished from freshly emitted industrial sulfates according to their contrasting degree of anion neutralization. Combining AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sunphotometric data with ACSM observations, we also show a long persistence over weeks of pollution in volcanic sulfate aerosols, while SO2 pollution disappears in a few days at most. Finally, gathering 6-month long datasets from 27 sulfur monitoring stations of the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) network allows us to demonstrate a much broader large-scale European pollution, in both SO2 and SO4, associated with the Holuhraun eruption, from Scandinavia to France. While widespread SO2 anomalies, with ground-level mass concentrations far exceeding background values, almost entirely result from the volcanic source, the origin of sulfate aerosols is more complex. Using a multi-site concentration-weighted trajectory analysis, emissions from the Holuhraun eruption are shown to be one of the main sources of SO4 at all EMEP sites across Europe and can be distinguished from anthropogenic emissions from eastern Europe but also from Great Britain. A wide variability in SO2:SO4 mass concentration ratios, ranging from 0.8 to 8.0, is shown at several stations geographically dispersed at thousands of kilometres from the eruption site. Despite this apparent spatial complexity, we demonstrate that these mass oxidation ratios can be explained by a simple linear dependency on the age of the plume, with a SO2-to-SO4 oxidation rate of 0.23 h−1. Most current studies generally focus on SO2, an unambiguous and more readily measured marker of the volcanic plume. However, the long persistence of the chemical fingerprint of volcanic sulfate aerosols at continental scale, as shown for the Holuhraun eruption here, casts light on the impact of tropospheric eruptions and passive degassing activities on air quality, health, atmospheric chemistry and climate.

A Study of Estimation of Wind Potential and Prediction of Grid-Connected Wind Power Development in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Co Xuan Hoang ◽  
Linh Thi Hai Dang ◽  
Da Van Ta ◽  
Cuong Manh Dinh ◽  
Chinh Van Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Correlation Equation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Wind Potential

The construction of grid-connected wind power plants has increased sharply in Vietnam due to the rapid rise of energy demands. Previous studies of wind energy have shown that the wind potential of Vietnam compared to other countries of Southeast Asia and examined wind speed levels of each region of Vietnam. In this study, the annual electricity production (AEP), which is an important factor of project's cost and benefit calculation, was calculated for 13 study areas. A correlation equation between AEP and the average wind speed at 60m above ground level was also developed to estimate AEP where there exists only data of the annual average wind speed. Moreover, other resources of the development of grid-connected wind power were discussed in this research such as the Vietnamese supporting mechanism, international co-operation, turbine technology development, etc. The article then predicts the trend, and proposes some recommendations of developing grid-connected wind farms in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of local air quality to the interplay between small- and large-scale circulations: a Large Eddy Simulation study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Wolf-Grosse ◽  
Igor Esau ◽  
Joachim Reuder
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes

Abstract. We present an analysis of the interaction between a topographically forced recirculation of the large-scale flow above an urbanized coastal valley and a local breeze-like circulation. We found that such an interaction can enhance the stagnation inside the valley under cold air pool conditions. Analysis of a large dataset of air quality measurements in Bergen, Norway, revealed that the most extreme cases of recurring winter-time air pollution episodes are usually accompanied by an increased wind speed above the valley. The 10 m ERA-Interim wind-speed distribution against local NO2 measurements had a maximum at 3 m s−1 in contrast to a monotonic decrease, as it would be expected from theory developed for flat, homogenous surfaces. We conducted a set of 16 Large Eddy Simulation (LES) experiments with the PALM model to account for the realistic orography of the mountains surrounding the city. The simulations were driven by the typical circulation above the valley during observed air pollution episodes, and a heterogeneous combination of constant temperatures over water and a constant negative sensible surface heat flux over land. The LES revealed a strong steering of the local circulation during cold air pool conditions by a land-breeze between the warm sea and the cold land. This breeze circulation is counteracted by a recirculation of the flow above the valley. For certain combinations of both, this leads to a maximum in the local stagnation. Furthermore, a relatively small local water body acted as a barrier for the dispersion of air pollutants along the valley bottom, dispersing them vertically and hence diluting them. These findings have important implications for the air quality predictions over urban areas. Any prediction not resolving these, or similar local dynamic features, might not be able to correctly simulate the dispersion of pollutants in cities.

scholarly journals The Impact of Grid and Spectral Nudging on the Variance of the Near-Surface Wind Speed

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Louise Vincent ◽  
Andrea N. Hahmann
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spectral Nudging ◽  
Outer Domain ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGrid and spectral nudging are effective ways of preventing drift from large-scale weather patterns in regional climate models. However, the effect of nudging on the wind speed variance is unclear. In this study, the impact of grid and spectral nudging on near-surface and upper boundary layer wind variance in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is analyzed. Simulations are run on nested domains with horizontal grid spacing of 15 and 5 km over the Baltic Sea region. For the 15-km domain, 36-h simulations initialized each day are compared with 11-day simulations with either grid or spectral nudging at and above 1150 m above ground level (AGL). Nested 5-km simulations are not nudged directly but inherit boundary conditions from the 15-km experiments. Spatial and temporal spectra show that grid nudging causes smoothing of the wind in the 15-km domain at all wavenumbers, both at 1150 m AGL and near the surface where nudging is not applied directly, while spectral nudging mainly affects longer wavenumbers. Maps of mesoscale variance show spatial smoothing for both grid and spectral nudging, although the effect is less pronounced for spectral nudging. On the inner, 5-km domain, an indirect smoothing impact of nudging is seen up to 200 km inward from the dominant inflow boundary at 1150 m AGL, but there is minimal smoothing from the nudging near the surface, indicating that nudging an outer domain is an appropriate configuration for wind-resource modeling.

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