WATER SALINITY MAPPING OF KARUN BASIN LOCATED IN IRAN USING THE SVR METHOD

Abstract. Water salinity is a complex issue in coastal and estuarine areas. Currently, remote sensing techniques have been widely used to monitor water quality changes, ranging from river to oceans. The salinity of Karun River has been increasing due to some critical factors, therefore, This study aimed at building regression models to ascertain the water salinity through the relationship between the reflectance of the Landsat-8 OLI and In situ measurements. A total of 102 observed samples were divided into 70% training and 30% test from June 2013 to July 2018 along the Karun River. Spectral signature analysis showed that band 1 - Coastal/Aerosol (0.433–0.453 μm), band 2 - Blue (0.450–0.515 μm) and band 3 - Green (0.525–0.600 μm) are sensitive to salinity . Furthermore, to have a comprehensive investigation, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) method was applied. The outcomes related to the quality of the SVR depend on several factors e.g. proper setting of the SVR meta-parameters, therefore, to deal with this issue Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied. The SVR model resulted in values of R2 and RMSE for test data which are respectively obtained to be 0.7 and 390 μs cm−1. Eventually, Karun water salinity maps were prepared by SVR method to demonstrate the Karun water salinity on 1 February 2015 and 5 September 2018.

Prediction of Diabetic Nephropathy from the Relationship between Fatigue, Sleep and Quality of Life

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10093282 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3282

Author(s):

Angela Shin-Yu Lien ◽

Yi-Der Jiang ◽

Jia-Ling Tsai ◽

Jawl-Shan Hwang ◽

Wei-Chao Lin

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Feature Selection ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Support Vector ◽

Svm Classifier ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Fatigue and poor sleep quality are the most common clinical complaints of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). These complaints are early signs of DM and are closely related to diabetic control and the presence of complications, which lead to a decline in the quality of life. Therefore, an accurate measurement of the relationship between fatigue, sleep status, and the complication of DM nephropathy could lead to a specific definition of fatigue and an appropriate medical treatment. This study recruited 307 people with Type 2 diabetes from two medical centers in Northern Taiwan through a questionnaire survey and a retrospective investigation of medical records. In an attempt to identify the related factors and accurately predict diabetic nephropathy, we applied hybrid research methods, integrated biostatistics, and feature selection methods in data mining and machine learning to compare and verify the results. Consequently, the results demonstrated that patients with diabetic nephropathy have a higher fatigue level and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score than without neuropathy, the presence of neuropathy leads to poor sleep quality, lower quality of life, and poor metabolism. Furthermore, by considering feature selection in selecting representative features or variables, we achieved consistence results with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier and merely ten representative factors and a prediction accuracy as high as 74% in predicting the presence of diabetic nephropathy.

Water stress coefficient determined by orbital remote sensing techniques

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n12p847-853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 847-853

Author(s):

Élvis da S. Alves ◽

Roberto Filgueiras ◽

Lineu N. Rodrigues ◽

Fernando F. da Cunha ◽

Catariny C. Aleman

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Stress ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Simple Algorithm ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Stress Coefficient ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Water Stress Coefficient ◽

ABSTRACT In regions where the irrigated area is increasing and water availability is reduced, such as the West of the Bahia state, Brazil, the use of techniques that contribute to improving water use efficiency is paramount. One of the ways to improve irrigation is by improving the calculation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa), which among other factors is influenced by soil drying, so it is important to understand this relationship, which is usually accounted for in irrigation management models through the water stress coefficient (Ks). This study aimed to estimate the water stress coefficient (Ks) through information obtained via remote sensing, combined with field data. For this, a study was carried out in the municipality of São Desidério, an area located in western Bahia, using images of the Landsat-8 satellite. Ks was calculated by the relationship between crop evapotranspiration and ETa, calculated by the Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER). The Ks estimated by remote sensing showed, for the development and medium stages, average errors on the order of 5.50%. In the final stage of maize development, the errors obtained were of 23.2%.

Determination of sea surface height from moving ships with dynamic corrections

Journal of Geodetic Science ◽

10.2478/v10156-011-0038-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 172-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. Reinking ◽

A. Härting ◽

L. Bastos

Keyword(s):

Satellite System ◽

Ocean Dynamics ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Sea Surface Heights ◽

Positioning Analysis ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

AbstractWith the growing global efforts to estimate the influence of civilization on the climate change it would be desirable to survey sea surface heights (SSH) not only by remote sensing techniques like satellite altimetry or (GNSS) Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry but also by direct and in-situ measurements in the open ocean. In recent years different groups attempted to determine SSH by ship-based GNSS observations. Due to recent advances in kinematic GNSS (PPP) Precise Point Positioning analysis it is already possible to derive GNSS antenna heights with a quality of a few centimeters. Therefore it is foreseeable that this technique will be used more intensively in the future, with obvious advantages in sea positioning. For the determination of actual SSH from GNSS-derived antenna heights aboard seagoing vessels some essential hydrostatic and hydrodynamic corrections must be considered in addition to ocean dynamics and related corrections. Systematic influences of ship dynamics were intensively analyzed and sophisticated techniques were developed at the Jade University during the last decades to precisely estimate mandatory corrections. In this paper we will describe the required analyses and demonstrate their application by presenting a case study from an experiment on a cruise vessel carried out in March 2011 in the Atlantic Ocean.

Sharing happy stories increases interpersonal closeness mediated by enhancing interpersonal brain synchronization

10.1101/2021.02.18.431771 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Enhui Xie ◽

Qing Yin ◽

Keshuang Li ◽

Samuel A. Nastase ◽

Ruqian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Cortex ◽

Support Vector ◽

Story Comprehension ◽

Emotional Information ◽

Neutral Group ◽

Interpersonal Closeness ◽

Neural Activities ◽

Group Sharing ◽

AbstractOur lives revolve around sharing stories with others. Expressing emotion (i.e., happy and sad) is an essential characteristic of sharing stories and could enhance the similarity of story comprehension across speaker–listener pairs. The Emotions as Social Information Model (EASI) suggests that emotional communication may influence interpersonal closeness, but the effect of sharing emotional (happy/sad) stories on interpersonal closeness remains poorly understood. Here, one speaker watched emotional videos and communicated the content of the videos to thirty-two listeners (happy/sad/neutral group). Both speaker and listeners’ neural activities were recorded using EEG. After listening, we assessed the interpersonal closeness between the speaker and listeners. Compared to the sad group, sharing happy stories showed a better recall quality and a higher rating of interpersonal closeness.Meanwhile, the happy group showed higher interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporal cortex (specifically TPJ) than the sad group. Moreover, such IBS mediated the relationship between the quality of sharing stories and interpersonal closeness, and happy emotion moderated this mediation model. The magnitude of IBS differentiated high interpersonal closeness from low interpersonal closeness. Exploratory analysis using support vector regression showed that the IBS could also predict the ratings of interpersonal closeness in left-out subjects. These results suggest that IBS could serve as an indicator of whether sharing emotional stories facilitate interpersonal closeness. These findings improve our understanding of sharing emotional information among individuals that guide behaviors during interpersonal interactions.

Morphology of Cleaved Surface and Observation of In Situ Crack Propagation During Cleaving

International Journal of Automation Technology ◽

10.20965/ijat.2021.p0483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 483-491

Author(s):

Soshi Iwatsuki ◽

Hirofumi Hidai ◽

Souta Matsusaka ◽

Akira Chiba ◽

Noboru Morita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crack Propagation ◽

High Speed ◽

Workpiece Material ◽

Jet Cooling ◽

Cleavage Line ◽

The Relationship ◽

Glass Edge ◽

Polarization Camera

In laser cleaving, the thermal stress caused by laser heating and water-jet cooling propagates previously induced cracks in the workpiece material. The laser-cleaving conditions affect the quality of the fracture surface, and therefore, elucidating the relationship between the cleaved surface, cleaving conditions, and crack propagation is essential. Against this backdrop, in this study, we investigated the morphology of the cleaved surface and visualized the crack propagation and stress in situ using a high-speed polarization camera. The distance between the glass edge and cleaved surface was varied. When the laser-cleavage line was close to the glass edge, twist hackles were formed on the cleaved surface. The area in which the twist hackles formed on the cleaved surface coincided with the lagging section of the crack front. Furthermore, the twist hackle reached the specimen surface, and the edge of the surface exhibited a sawtooth shape. Observations with the high-speed polarization camera revealed that the internal stress was asymmetric with respect to the crack when the twist hackles were formed.

ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND NORMALIZED DIFFERENT VEGETATION INDEX USING LANDSAT IMAGES IN SOME REGIONS OF DIYALA GOVERNORATE

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 793-801

Author(s):

Al-Jbouri & Al-Timimi

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Landsat Images ◽

Agriculture is the most important and most dependent economic activity and influenced by climatic conditions as the climate elements represented by solar radiation, temperature, wind and relative humidity. Therefore, is necessary that analyze and understand the relationship between climate and agriculture. The aim of this study to assessment the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for three regions of Diyala Governorate in Iraq (Al Muqdadya, Baladrooz, and Baquba) by through using of remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS).The Normalized difference vegetation index NDVI and land surface temperature (LST) were used in two of the Landsat-5 ETM + and Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery during the years 1999 and 2019. The results showed that increased in NDVI and decreased in LST for 2019, while for 1999 increased in LST and decreased in NDVI for the three regions. Finally, the regression was used to obtain that correlation between LST and NDVI. It was concluded that the correlation coefficient between NDVI and LST is negative, where the strongest correlation was 0.76 for Baquba and weakest correlation was 0.55 for Muqdadyia.

Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration using Landsat 8 in the Cassaffousth reservoir

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2019.080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 2021-2027 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María Micaela Ledesma ◽

Matías Bonansea ◽

Claudia Rosa Ledesma ◽

Claudia Rodríguez ◽

Joel Carreño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Field Data ◽

Warning System ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Chl A ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Regression Techniques ◽

Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract The physico-chemical and biological composition of a reservoir's effluents directly influences water quality. The values of variables such as high values of concentrations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) are indicators of pollution. The objective of this work was to monitor the trophic status and water quality of the Cassaffousth reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina) through the development of statistical models based on field data and satellite information. During 2016 and 2017, samples were taken bimonthly. Seven sampling sites were selected and physico-chemical and biological parameters were assessed. By using regression techniques, Landsat 8 information was related with field data to construct and validate a statistical model to determine the distribution of Chl-a in the reservoir (R2 = 0.87). The generated algorithm was used to generate maps which contained information about the dynamics of Chl-a in the entire reservoir. Remote sensing techniques can be used to expand the knowledge of the dynamics of the Cassaffousth reservoir. Moreover, these techniques can be used as baselines for the development of an early warning system for this and other reservoirs in the region.

Detecting Maturity in Fresh Lycium barbarum L. Fruit Using Color Information

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7050108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Jian Zhao ◽

Jun Chen

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Support Vector ◽

Color Information ◽

Training Set ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Lycium Barbarum ◽

Detection Model ◽

Svm Model ◽

The accurate quantitative maturity detection of fresh Lycium barbarum L. (L. barbarum) fruit is the key to determine whether fruit are suitable for harvesting or not and can also be helpful to improve the quality of post-harvest processing. To achieve this goal, abnormal samples were eliminated by the Mahalanobis Distance (MD), and nine components (i.e., R, G, B, H, S, V, L, a, and b) of the ripe fruit, half-ripe fruit, and unripe fruit were extracted, firstly. Then, significant component combinations of the three fruits beneficial to the extraction of their areas were determined. Through binary processing, morphology processing, and other image processing methods, a quantitative maturity detection model of fruit was established based on the support vector machine (SVM) model. On this basis, field experiments were conducted to verify and compare the relationship between the prediction results of the model and the picking forces of fruit. Field experiments showed that the accuracies of both the training set and prediction set were 100% and the prediction results of the model were consistent with the picking forces of fruit. Findings provided a theoretical basis for the accurate quantitative maturity detection of fresh L. barbarum fruit.

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATURE STRUCTURE AND ONTOGENY IN THE GRANA OF CHLOROPLASTS

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b67-083 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 773-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dominick J. Paolillo Jr. ◽

Judith A. Reighard

Keyword(s):

Cyclical Growth ◽

Some reports on chloroplast infrastructure have emphasized a helical pattern of interconnections among the compartments of the grana. This pattern has been related to a theory of spiral–cyclical growth of grana stacks. The occurrence of multiple helices on the grana in angiosperm chloroplasts impugns the ontogenetic significance of the helical pattern. The compartments of a granum do not discriminate among the helices for quantity or quality of interconnections. No genetic helix can be distinguished. The theory of spiral–cyclical growth of grana, as currently stated, is inadequate to account for the in situ structure of normal grana in the chloroplasts of angiosperms.

The Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Approach Applied in the Study of the Denitrifying Bacteria on Nitration Tank of the Metal Membrane Bioreactor

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2686 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 2686-2689

Author(s):

Pan Zhang ◽

Lei Chen

Keyword(s):

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Denitrifying Bacteria ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Space Distribution ◽

Nitrifying Bacteria ◽

Active Sludge ◽

Metal Membrane ◽

To study the amount changes of different denitrifying bacteria in the process of the metal membrane bioreactor, and to confirm the relationship between the amount of different bacteria and the quality of the treating water, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) dominant molecular biological technologies were applied in this study to preliminary explore the time and space distribution of different denitrifying bacteria populations in the active sludge on the immersed plate-type metal membrane bioreactor. The result indicates that the involvement of the denitrification tank is beneficial to the growth of all bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, meanwhile the eliminate rate of the total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is also improved.