scholarly journals REVISITING THE CURRENT UAV REGULATIONS IN NEPAL: A STEP TOWARDS LEGAL DIMENSION FOR UAVS EFFICIENT APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W3 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shrestha ◽  
J. Zevenbergen ◽  
U. S. Panday ◽  
B. Awasthi ◽  
S. Karki
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Abstract. UAVs-Unmanned Aerial Vehicles- also known as drones, are an emerging geospatial technology that can facilitate data acquisition at various temporal and spatial scales. Notwithstanding, the wide application of UAVs globally, its wider application is found to be growing in Nepal as well. For instance, precision agriculture, forestry, topographical surveying, etc. It seems that there is a correlation between efficient use of UAVs in these sectors and the legal frameworks that regulate the use of UAVs. Therefore, it seems necessary to obtain holistic national view of UAVs regulations. Aligning with this necessity, this paper provides insight on existing legal provisions for UAVs in Nepal by highlighting the importance, impact, and limitations of UAV regulations. The criteria used in the framework to capture the present holistic legal dimension from literature in the web of science database are a) applicability b) technical requirements c) operational requirements/ limitations d) administration procedure e) human resource requirements and f) implementation of ethical constraints. The adopted methodological approach consists of exploratory case studies, systematic reviews of the concerned literature on UAVs regulations and the workshop on “Flight 4 Purpose” in which various UAVs application were discussed. The results show that the existing legal framework has both strengths and weaknesses for its use to capture the spatial data. The way forward is to harmonize the soft and hard regulations so that such geospatial technology can be applied for overall development and ultimately for the societal benefits.

scholarly journals Legal Complexities of Entry, Rescue, Seizure and Disposal of Disaster-Affected Companion Animals in New Zealand

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Steve Glassey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Sequential Process ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
Do So

With the increasing societal expectation that animals are afforded greater protection in emergencies, the legal process from entering a property to rescuing a companion animal, through to how to dispose of such animals if they remain unclaimed has not been well examined in New Zealand. It is hypothesised that the legal framework for such a response is flawed. In this study, each phase of animal disaster rescue is evaluated against four key statutes that may apply in each phase, in that does any statute provide clear end-to-end provisions with clear legal authority to do so? The study found that all statutes evaluated contained flaws and that the current legal provisions are insufficient to provide clear authority for the sequential process of undertaking the rescue of animals during emergencies. A major flaw was discovered in the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002, a key statute, that provided for the seizure of property and animals but omitted a procedure for the disposal of such seized things leaving them all in legal limbo. It is recommended that animal disaster laws be updated to be more animal inclusive. The method also may be applicable to assist evaluating animal disaster management legal frameworks in other countries.

scholarly journals Community and National Provisions for Temporary Work Agencies. Trends in the Evolution of Temporary Work Agencies and Temporary Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Maria-Cristina Ichim (Balaneasa)
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Labor Flexibility ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Temporary Work Agencies

The temporary work agent is an important player in the EU labor market from the perspective of labor flexibility. The evolution of the national legal framework on the regulation of the establishment and operation of the temporary work agent in accordance with the European provisions - Directive 2008/104 / EC - is an important issue to consider in this article because the national legal frameworks had to be adapted after 2008 in accordance with the Community law, in order to ensure the protection of temporary workers. Last but not least, the trends on the European labor market are also interesting from the point of view of the employment degree based on the services of temporary work agents. This paper aims to analyze the evolution of the Romanian legal provisions regarding temporary work agencies since the entry into force of the 2003 Labor Code to present day, emphasizing on the debate regarding the licensing, registration and the withdrawal of license procedure for a temporary work agent in our country. At the end of the article, we will present the number of temporary work agencies licensed in Romania, but also the percentage of employees recruited through temporary work agents in EU countries during the period 2011-2020, in order to highlight the degree of use of this type of workforce.

scholarly journals Legal Complexities of Entry, Rescue, Seizure and Disposal of Disaster Affected Companion Animals in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Glassey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Sequential Process ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
Do So

With the increasing societal expectation that animals are afforded greater protection in emergencies, the legal process from entering a property to rescue a companion animal, through to how to dispose of such animals if they remain unclaimed has not been well examined in New Zealand. It is hypothesised that the legal framework for such response is flawed. In this study, each phase of animal disaster rescue is evaluated against four key statues that may apply in each phase, in that does any statute provide clear end to end provisions with clear legal authority to do so. The study found that all statutes evaluated contained flaws and that the current legal provisions are insufficient to provide clear authority for the sequential process of undertaking rescue of animals during emergencies. A major flaw was discovered in the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002 a key statute, that provided for the seizure of property and animals but omitted a procedure for the disposal of such seized things leaving them all in legal limbo. It is recommended that animal disaster laws are updated to be more animal inclusive. The method also may be applicable to assist evaluating animal disaster management legal frameworks in other countries.

scholarly journals Laws of some countries in the world on international cooperation in criminal procedures and the lesson for Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Nguyễn Thị
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Integration ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The World ◽  
International Activities ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Frameworks

International cooperation in criminal procedure is an indispensable trend in the period of globalization and international integration. This formed a system of global, regional and national laws regulating international activities in the criminal field. Each country or region has different legal frameworks for international cooperation in criminal procedure and its effectiveness is not the same. Thus, this paper focuses on analyzing the legal provisions of some countries, thereby drawing lessons for Vietnam on the improvement of the law, establishing a legal framework for criminal international cooperation to improve the effectiveness of international cooperation in the CPR.

Spatial analysis of ground-based sun induced fluorescence data and canopy pigment content in a dry grassland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Fóti ◽  
János Balogh ◽  
Krisztina Pintér ◽  
Zoltán Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Light

<p>Monitoring of canopy photosynthetic performance in optimal and stress conditions has major importance in carbon budget estimates or in precision agriculture. Photosynthesis responds very rapidly to the environmental conditions balancing photochemical processes with different other processes through which excitation energy is lost from the system, including photo-protective heat loss and fluorescent light emission. Although the ratio of photosynthesis to fluorescence in optimal and stress conditions differ, it is not an easy task to assess their actual share, because of the quick adjustment of the pigment-protein complexes or the changing intensity of light re-absorption by chlorophylls.</p><p>Sun induced fluorescence (SIF) measured by ground-based instrument provided direct data of the photosynthetic capacity of the canopy. The O<sub>2</sub> absorptions bands filled with fluorescence served to calculate actual fluorescence intensity within the total upwelling signal. Furthermore, field leaf samples were collected and laboratory analysis was performed to determine photosynthetic pigment contents (both chlorophylls and carotenoids).</p><p>The sampling, both for SIF and pigment data collection followed spatial grid arrangements with different resolutions, 10 × 10 m and 30 × 30 m. Spatial analysis lays on a relatively large number of samples, collected within a very short time period. Our aim was to link the spatial distribution of one target phenomenon to the distribution or intensity of different driving forces, such as terrain features, soil moisture content, soil temperature etc., which were also simultaneously collected in the field work. One measuring occasion at both spatial scales were selected for detailed spatial data processing with geostatistics and kriging.</p>

scholarly journals Urban Plans and Conflicting Interests in Sustainable Cross-Boundary Land Governance, the Case of National Urban and Regional Plans in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3081
Author(s):  
Genet Alem
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Policies and rules by which land is governed are influenced by political discourses, and decisions about land can provoke political conflicts. In contexts of vague legal framework governing property right, planning tends to produce inequality and could be observed as a political instrument of marginalization. Nevertheless, spatial planning is indispensable for ensuring sustainable and efficient land governance. In Ethiopia, urban planning is considered unjust, often associated with eviction of rural and urban residents. Indeed, recent experiences had ended up causing drastic political unrest. The paper discusses the institutional gaps in land governance by focusing on two recent urban plans (national and regional) that led to conflicts, undermining sustained socioeconomic development. For this purpose, the research uses qualitative primary and secondary data. Main sources of data are official and legal documents, the literature and interviews. The findings show that current planning practice has produced social and political tensions and conflicts. Hence, urban planning related legal provisions override citizens’ right, and vague land policy constrains interregional cooperation in planning and land governance. The paper calls for people focused planning, the revision of policy and legal frameworks to protect socially and economically vulnerable segments of the population and facilitate cross-boundary land governance.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

Forensic Evidence in Proving Crimes: Exploring the Legal Frameworks of Sharīʿah Bukti Forensik Bagi Membuktikan Jenayah: Menerokai Rangka Kerja Guaman Sharīʿah

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-247
Author(s):  
Sayyid Mohammad Yunus Gilani ◽  
K. M. Zakir Hossain Shalim
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
New Method ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Legal Frameworks

AbstractForensic evidence is an evolving science in the field of criminal investigation and prosecutions. It has been widely used in the administration of justice in the courts and the Western legal system, particularly in common law. To accommodate this new method of evidence in Islamic law, this article firstly, conceptualizes forensic evidence in Islamic law.  Secondly, explores legal frameworks for its adoption in Islamic law. Keywords: Forensic Evidence, legal framework, Criminal Investigation, Sharīʿah.AbstrakBukti forensik adalah sains yang sentiasa berkembang dalam bidang siasatan jenayah dan pendakwaan. Ia telah digunakan secara meluas dalam pentadbiran keadilan di mahkamah dan sistem undang-undang Barat, terutamanya dalam undang-undang common (common law). Untuk menampung kaedah pembuktian baru ini dalam undang-undang Islam, artikel ini, pertamanya, konseptualisasikan bukti forensik dalam undang-undang Islam. Kedua, ia menerokai rangka kerja undang-undang untuk penerimaannya dalam undang-undang Islam.Kata Kunci: Bukti Forensik, Rangka Kerja Guaman, Siasatan Jenayah, Sharīʿah.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Existing Production Frameworks for Statistical and Geographic Information: Synergies, Gaps and Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ariza-López ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez-Pascual ◽  
Francisco J. Lopez-Pellicer ◽  
Luis M. Vilches-Blázquez ◽  
Agustín Villar-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spatial Data Quality ◽  
Statistical Area

The production of official statistical and geospatial data is often in the hands of highly specialized public agencies that have traditionally followed their own paths and established their own production frameworks. In this article, we present the main frameworks of these two areas and focus on the possibility and need to achieve a better integration between them through the interoperability of systems, processes, and data. The statistical area is well led and has well-defined frameworks. The geospatial area does not have clear leadership and the large number of standards establish a framework that is not always obvious. On the other hand, the lack of a general and common legal framework is also highlighted. Additionally, three examples are offered: the first is the application of the spatial data quality model to the case of statistical data, the second of the application of the statistical process model to the geospatial case, and the third is the use of linked geospatial and statistical data. These examples demonstrate the possibility of transferring experiences/advances from one area to another. In this way, we emphasize the conceptual proximity of these two areas, highlighting synergies, gaps, and potential integration.

Mapping wildlife: integrating stakeholder knowledge with modelled patterns of deer abundance by using participatory GIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Austin ◽  
S. Cinderby ◽  
J. C. R. Smart ◽  
D. Raffaelli ◽  
P. C. L. White
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Participatory Gis ◽  
Wild Deer

Context. Some species that are perceived by certain stakeholders as a valuable resource can also cause ecological or economic damage, leading to contrasting management objectives and subsequent conflict between stakeholder groups. There is increasing recognition that the integration of stakeholder knowledge with formal scientific data can enhance the information available for use in management. This is especially true where scientific understanding is incomplete, as is frequently the case for wide-ranging species, which can be difficult to monitor directly at the landscape scale. Aims. The aim of the research was to incorporate stakeholder knowledge with data derived from formal quantitative models to modify predictions of wildlife distribution and abundance, using wild deer in the UK as an example. Methods. We use selected predictor variables from a deer–vehicle collision model to estimate deer densities at the 10-km square level throughout the East of England. With these predictions as a baseline, we illustrate the use of participatory GIS as a methodological framework for enabling stakeholder participation in the refinement of landscape-scale deer abundance maps. Key results. Stakeholder participation resulted in modifications to modelled abundance patterns for all wild deer species present in the East of England, although the modifications were minor and there was a high degree of consistency among stakeholders in the adjustments made. For muntjac, roe and fallow deer, the majority of stakeholder changes represented an increase in density, suggesting that populations of these species are increasing in the region. Conclusions. Our results show that participatory GIS is a useful technique for enabling stakeholders to contribute to incomplete scientific knowledge, especially where up-to-date species distribution and abundance data are needed to inform wildlife research and management. Implications. The results of the present study will serve as a valuable information base for future research on deer management in the region. The flexibility of the approach makes it applicable to a range of species at different spatial scales and other wildlife conflict issues. These may include the management of invasive species or the conservation of threatened species, where accurate spatial data and enhanced community involvement are necessary in order to facilitate effective management.

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