scholarly journals METROLOGY ENABLED REFLECTION TRANSFORMATION IMAGING TO RECONSTRUCT LOCAL DETAIL IN MANUFACTURED SURFACES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 797-804
Author(s):  
S. Robson ◽  
L. MacDonald ◽  
B. Sargeant
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Local Geometry ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Modular Structures ◽  
Touch Probe ◽  
Local Detail

Abstract. Understanding the performance of large high performance manufactured structures can require highly accurate dimensional measurement across large volumes with the often conflicting capability to record critical parts of the structure in fine detail. Examples include turbine blades, aircraft wings and off-site manufactured modular structures assembled on-site for city, energy and transport infrastructure. Established large-volume industrial metrology systems such as laser trackers and photogrammetry partially meet the need through the measurement of targets and reflectors, but are limited in capability to record high density local detail needed to capture the finest manufactured features. Whilst large-volume surface sensing is possible with laser radar, photogrammetric pattern projection and contact probing for example, the detail required at a local level typically demands local sensing which generally takes the form of a tracked sensor such as a triangulation laser scanner or hand held touch probe. Local sensing systems face challenges where surfaces have fine detail of similar magnitude to the local sensing system sampling capability and particularly for optical sensors where the light reflected back to the sensor by the surface includes specular reflections compounded by local geometry. This paper investigates how Reflection Transformation Imaging (RTI) with a dome camera and lighting system might be calibrated, characterised and tracked as an alternative technology that is more robust to material surface properties and capable of very fine surface detail capture. Laboratory results demonstrate the capability to characterise and locate the dome to sub-millimetric accuracy within a large-volume tracked space to achieve local surface sampling at the 30 μm × 30 μm level. A method utilising sparse touch probe points to seed conversion of low and high frequency normal maps into a common 3D surface is explored with local agreement with laser tracker surface probe check points to the order of 30 μm.

scholarly journals Re-examining the Role of Transport Infrastructure in Trade, Regional Growth and Governance: Comparing the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and Central Eastern Europe (CEE)

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Bafoil ◽  
Lin Ruiwen
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion

The main objective of this article is to question the hypothesis of the role of transport infrastructures in regional economic growth by comparing Central Eastern Europe (supported by the EU structural and cohesion funds) and the Greater Mekong Subregion (mainly supported by the “economic corridors” of the ADB). Three main components of trade efficiency are scrutinized and compared: (1) the historical development of trade agreements, (2) the supra-national (regional) capacity of trade regulation, and (3) the micro level of governance between the different actors involved in trade. The comparison between CEE and the GMS is all the more warranted because of two paradoxes that need to be explained: The first one results from the existing link between transport and growth in the case of the GMS, and the lack of a link in the case of CEE. The second paradox insists on the fact that despite their very different institutional frameworks, both subregions continue to face similar challenges concerning the implementation of trade agreements and the exchange of facilities at the local level – pointing towards the issue of governance.

scholarly journals Estimation of transport flow intensity using geoinformation systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Victoria Bitykova ◽  
Nikita Mozgunov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The Road

The main discussion is about methods for assessing the intensity of traffic flows using geoinformation technologies. The intensity of traffic flows is one of the key indicators that determine the emission from transport in urban areas. In Russia, the growth in the volume and share of motor transport in pollution is increasing under the influence of an increase in the number of cars. This is most obvious examples of it are regions of the Central Federal District, but in the regional centers, under the influence of the improvement in the structure of the vehicle park, the growth of pollution is much slower, and in Moscow it has practically stabilized. At the local level, the determining factor of road traffic pollution is the change in the building density and the transport-planning structure. The collection and calculation of indicators that give an idea of the spatial differentiation of emissions from road transport is a very time-consuming stage of the study. The most common method of obtaining information on the transport and environmental situation in the city is directly field data collection. However, this method is quite time consuming for research. In conditions when the transport infrastructure is developing rapidly, the speed of field observations does not allow promptly updating information on changes in the traffic load of the road network and, as a result, assessing the current ecological situation in the territory. As an alternative to the traditional collection of information, modern sources of geoinformation data can be used. The services, originally developed to provide operational monitoring of the traffic situation and the construction of optimal routes, can also serve as a source of data for models for assessing the intensity of traffic load in environmental studies. The proposed technique has been tested at the level of districts and administrative districts of Moscow. The results obtained are compared with control field observations. The relatively low measurement error when using data from information systems is compensated by the possibility of more efficiently obtaining information about the traffic load on the sections of the road network.

scholarly journals Should Implications for Tourism Influence the Planning Stage of a New HSR Network? The Experience of Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begoña Guirao ◽  
Juan L. Campa
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Common View ◽  
Planning Stage

Transportation and tourism are two closely linked economic activities and the scientific common view is that promoting transportation infrastructure may contribute to the development of tourism industry. But in the case of the building of new High-Speed Rail (HSR) lines, their extremely high construction costs require empirical evidence (at least at the planning stage) that certain economic activities, like tourism, are reinforced.The aim of this paper is to assess empirically the effects of HSR on tourism in Spain, using a ranking model of city pairs, in order to establish a better way of allocating financial resources for public investments. There is practically no literature on empirical methodologies to assess the effects of new HSR on tourism and the current literature on tourism demand is dominated by econometric models using a single-equation time-series based approach, where the reduction of the travel cost generated by transport infrastructure can be considered. In this paper, the new proposed methodology is tested by application to 1,176 city pairs in Spain, a country with over 20 years of operating experience and the longest HSR network in Europe, where tourism represents more than 10% of the GDP. Results clearly show that the implementation of a tourism variable in the model offers a more effective approach for determining the implications of tourism on HSR demand and should be taken into account by policymakers in the HSR planning process. Finally, studies at local level demonstrate that future research is needed to complement this planning stage methodology.

Discussions and Closure: Statistical Approach to Bed-Material Surface Sampling

1997 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis Diplas ◽  
David Crowder ◽  
Carlo Modica ◽  
Enrico Foti ◽  
Giovanni Coco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Bed Material

scholarly journals Organising regions: spatial planning and territorial governance practices in two Swedish regions

Europa XXI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Smas ◽  
Johannes Lidmo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
The Eu

In some European countries, sub-national regions are important geographical arenas for spatial planning. However, in Sweden, statutory regional planning is rather limited and the regional level is often described as having a weak position in the spatial planning system. In this article, we investigate territorial governance practices in two Swedish regions, with a focus on their interaction with the EU and the national level, and with the local level, as well as how these regions function as organisations and arenas for coordination of different policy fields. The study is based on semi-structured expert interviews and document analysis. The results show that spatial planning is practised both through statutory planning and soft planning approaches, and that these practices in different ways coordinate sectoral policies i.e. transport infrastructure and regional development. Both cases also illustrate difficulties not only of external coordination between different institutions and policy fields but also internally within organisations. It is also highlighted that spatial planning at the regional level focuses on coordinating actors and policy fields but that spatial planning is also an instrument to implement regional policies. In conclusion, it is argued that the organisation and territorial governance practices within a given institutional arrangement and the perception of spatial planning are crucial in determining how regions might function as multi-level coordination actors and policy arenas within spatial planning.

scholarly journals Financial instrument of ensuring sustainable social and economic development of municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 09019
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yu. Semenova ◽  
V. Sigova Maria ◽  
M. N. Shchukin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Resources

Research background: This article examines the problems of sustainable social and economic development of municipalities and tackles the issues of strategic planning, assessment of budget support and the economic condition of municipalities. Purpose of the article: When analyzing the existing social and economic processes in the municipalities of the Russian Federation, attention is drawn to the main methods of planning at the local level, an integral part of which is the preparation of forecasts of social and economic development of the municipality. On the basis of forecasts, a draft of local budget is prepared, determined by the revenue and expenditure side of the budget, laid the necessary sources of financing the budget deficit, formed municipal (address) for the implementation of the powers of local authorities. Methods: When budget planning and forecasting the social and economic development of a municipality, it is necessary to take into account many factors that contain input data for calculations. This includes demographic changes, labor resources, social security of the population, transport infrastructure, business activity, and much more. Findings & Value added: In this paper, the priority directions of the development of municipalities in modern conditions are identified and justified on the example of the municipal districts of the Leningrad Region. The methodological tools used can also be recommended to other municipalities of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Territorial and transport accessibility of country recreational territories for summer recreation

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Road ◽  
Recreational Facility

Territorial aspects of organization of rest are one of the decisive factors in the location of recreational facilities. Along with such factors as the presence of favorable natural resources and conditions for the organization of recreational activities, the location of recreational formations in relation to settlements determines the volume of recreational flow.The distance from the settlement to the recreational facility becomes of particular importance for short-term summer recreation. Transport occupies an important place in the formation and development of the recreational complex as well. This is due, on the one hand, to the need to create an integrated infrastructure along with other branches of the economy, and with the other transport of tourists from places of permanent residence to the main areas of tourism and recreation. When assessing the recreational resources and the suitability of potential recreational areas (PRA) for the local level for the development of small recreational facilities, integrated evaluation indicators are used that reflect the properties of the territories as natural ecosystems and objects of economic development. Territorial and transport accessibility are among the many indicators in assessing the suitability of recreational areas for the placement of small recreational facilities for summer recreation. The developed methodological approach to the assessment of the territorial accessibility of the recreational area is based on the definition of a point of assessment of its distance from the settlement, taking into account the proportion of tourists from this settlement resting on this territory. A score of 6 recreational areas selected for research on the coast of the river Seversky Donets was conducted. The ability of tourists to get to the chosen recreational establishment directly depends on the transport accessibility of the RTA, which is provided by the transport infrastructure. The main transport for the carriage of short-term holidays is an automobile. On the way to the SPR, the riders overcome the roads of different categories, in addition, the recreation has alternative ways of access, for example, to go by the freeway partially in the detour, or shorter way by the so-called black highway. In order to determine the transport accessibility of PRA, a "conditional path length" indicator has been developed, which allows taking into account the lengths of individual sections of the road of different categories and types of road surface of the chosen variant of the road to achieving PRA. A ball assessment of the selected recreational territories was carried out on the basis of transport accessibility.Taking into account the territorial and transport aspects allows to supplement the assessment of the nature - resource block of indicators and get a comprehensive assessment of the RTA resources, on the basis of which potential customers - investors can choose the best recreational areas for the placement of recreational facilities.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Development and Preventing Exclusions—Determining Road Accessibility at the Sub-Regional and Local Level in Rural Areas of Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Wolny ◽  
Marek Ogryzek ◽  
Ryszard Źróbek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Partial Indices ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development

The improvement in a regions’ accessibility that accounts for various means of inter-regional transport and inter-regional communication is one of the main determinants of sustainable regional development. This study focuses on road accessibility in rural areas where an insufficient number and scope of international and domestic investments can lead to an imbalance in the transport infrastructure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate road accessibility at the level of the NUTS4 units in view of their sustainable development and their divergence from rural units that are less distant from the main transport routes. The studied area—a province—is situated in the northeast of Poland. Data concerning the travel time, condition, and density of the road network were analysed to develop and compare the measures of road accessibility in individual units and to perform an overall assessment of the NUTS4 units. Partial indices were calculated with the support of the QGIS and ArcGIS software. Peripheral regions in post-socialist countries appear to be particularly underinvested in terms of the transport, including at the local and regional level. The applied methodology supported the presentation of problem peripheral areas that are underinvested and threatened with exclusion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document