scholarly journals Post-event Field Survey of 28 September 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake and Tsunami

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widiyanto ◽  
Purwanto B. Santoso ◽  
Shih-Chun Hsiao ◽  
Rudy T. Imananta
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tsunami Measurements ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Regional Reconstruction ◽  
2018 Sulawesi Earthquake ◽  
Runup Height ◽  
Made In

Abstract. An earthquake with a magnitude of MW = 7.5 that occurred in Sulawesi, Indonesia on September 28, 2018, triggered liquefaction and tsunamis that caused severe damage and many casualties. This paper reports the results of a post-tsunami field survey conducted by a team with members from Indonesia and Taiwan that began 13 days after the earthquake. The main purpose of this survey was to measure the runup of tsunami waves and inundation and observe the damage caused by the tsunami. Measurements were made in 18 selected sites, most in Palu Bay. The survey results show that the runup height ranged from 2 to 10 m and that the inundation distance was between 80 and 510 m. The highest runup (10.5 m) was recorded in Tondo, a complex that has many boarding houses near a university. The longest inundation distance (511 m) was found in Layana, a marketplace. The arrival times of the tsunami waves were quite short and different for each site, typically about 3–8 minutes from the time of the earthquake event. The characteristics of the damage to buildings, facilities, and structures are also summarized. Several indicators of underwater landslides are described. The survey results can be used for the calibration and validation of hydrodynamic models for tsunamis. They can also be used for regional reconstruction, mitigation, planning, and development.

scholarly journals Post-event field survey of 28 September 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2781-2794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widiyanto ◽  
Purwanto B. Santoso ◽  
Shih-Chun Hsiao ◽  
Rudy T. Imananta
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tsunami Measurements ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Earthquake Event ◽  
Run Up ◽  
2018 Sulawesi Earthquake ◽  
Made In

Abstract. An earthquake with a magnitude of Mw=7.5 that occurred in Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 28 September 2018 triggered liquefaction and tsunamis that caused severe damage and many casualties. This paper reports the results of a post-tsunami field survey conducted by a team with members from Indonesia and Taiwan that began 13 d after the earthquake. The main purpose of this survey was to measure the run-up of tsunami waves and inundation and observe the damage caused by the tsunami. Measurements were made in 18 selected sites, most in Palu Bay. The survey results show that the run-up height and inundation distance reached 10.7 m in Tondo and 488 m in Layana. Inundation depths of 2 to 4 m were common at most sites and the highest was 8.4 m in Taipa. The arrival times of the tsunami waves were quite short and different for each site, typically about 3–8 min from the time of the main earthquake event. This study also describes the damage to buildings and infrastructure and coastal landslides.

scholarly journals Arctic tsunamis threaten coastal landscapes and communities – survey of Karrat Isfjord 2017 tsunami effects in Nuugaatsiaq, western Greenland

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2521-2534
Author(s):  
Mateusz C. Strzelecki ◽  
Marek W. Jaskólski
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Runup Height

Abstract. On the 17 June 2017, a massive landslide which mobilized 35–58 million m3 of material entered the Karrat Isfjord in western Greenland. It triggered a tsunami wave with a runup height exceeding 90 m close to the landslide, ca. 50 m on the opposite shore of the fjord. The tsunami travelled ca. 32 km along the fjord and reached the settlement of Nuugaatsiaq with ca. 1–1.5 m high waves which flooded the terrain up to 9 m a.s.l. (above sea level). Tsunami waves were powerful enough to destroy the community infrastructure, impact fragile coastal tundra landscape, and unfortunately injure several inhabitants and cause four deaths. Our field survey carried out 25 months after the event results in documentation of the previously unreported scale of damage in the settlement (ca. 48 % of infrastructure objects including houses and administration buildings were destroyed by the tsunami). We have observed a recognizable difference in the concentration of tsunami deposit accumulations between areas of the settlement overwashed by the wave and areas of runup and return flow. The key tsunami effects preserved in the coastal landscape were eroded coastal bluffs, gullied and dissected edges of cliffed coast in the harbour, and tundra vegetation compressed by boulders or icebergs rafted onshore during the event.

scholarly journals FIELD SURVEY OF 2018 KRAKATAU TSUNAMI

2020 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
Hendra AchiariTomoyuki Takabatake ◽  
Ryota Nakamura ◽  
Takahito Mikami ◽  
Satriyo Panalaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Sumatra Island ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Krakatau Volcano ◽  
National Disaster ◽  
North Western

At 21:30 local time (UTC+7h) on the 22nd of December 2018 the shorelines of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, were flooded by tsunami waves. As a result there was widespread destruction and there were 437 casualties, 31,943 injuries, 10 still missing and over 16,000 people displaced (as of the 14th January 2019 National Disaster Management Agency (BNBP), 2019). The tsunami was caused by the flank collapse of the Anak Krakatau volcano (Robertson et al. 2018), located roughly at the centre of the Sunda Strait, which separates eastern Sumatra and western Java islands. Takabatake et al. (2019) performed a field survey of the affected areas. The survey results showed that inundation heights were more than 4 m high along the coastline of Sumatra island (situated to the north-north-east of Anak Krakatau), while less than 4 m were measured along the north-western direction. In Java island Inundation heights of over 10 m were measured at Cipenyu Beach (south-south-eastern direction from Anak Krakatau). However, at the time it was not possible to survey the actual vicinity of Anak Krakatau.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/d6hOT352fj4

scholarly journals A NuSTAR confirmation of the 36 ks hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation in the magnetar 1E 1547.0 − 5408

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 2266-2284
Author(s):  
Kazuo Makishima ◽  
Teruaki Enoto ◽  
Hiroki Yoneda ◽  
Hirokazu Odaka
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Modulation Amplitude ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Pulse Phase ◽  
Phase Variations ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT This paper describes an analysis of the NuSTAR data of the fastest-rotating magnetar 1E 1547 − 5408, acquired in 2016 April for a time lapse of 151 ks. The source was detected with a 1–60 keV flux of 1.7 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2, and its pulsation at a period of 2.086710(5) s. In 8–25 keV, the pulses were phase-modulated with a period of T = 36.0 ± 2.3 ks, and an amplitude of ∼0.2 s. This reconfirms the Suzaku discovery of the same effect at $T=36.0 ^{+4.5}_{-2.5}$ ks, made in the 2009 outburst. These results strengthen the view derived from the Suzaku data, that this magnetar performs free precession as a result of its axial deformation by ∼0.6 × 10−4, possibly caused by internal toroidal magneti fields (MFs) reaching ∼1016 G. Like in the Suzaku case, the modulation was not detected in energies below ∼8 keV. Above 10 keV, the pulse-phase behaviour, including the 36 ks modulation parameters, exhibited complex energy dependencies: at ∼22 keV, the modulation amplitude increased to ∼0.5 s, and the modulation phase changed by ∼65° over 10–27 keV, followed by a phase reversal. Although the pulse significance and pulsed fraction were originally very low in >10 keV, they both increased noticeably, when the arrival times of individual photons were corrected for these systematic pulse-phase variations. Possible origins of these complex phenomena are discussed, in terms of several physical processes that are specific to ultrastrong MFs.

Downtime Analysis Techniques for Complex Offshore and Dredging Operations

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remmelt J. van der Wal ◽  
Gerrit de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Waves ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Made In

Offshore operations in open seas may be seriously affected by the weather. This can lead to a downtime during these operations. The question whether an offshore structure or dredger is able to operate in wind, waves and current is defined as “workability”. In recent decades improvements have been made in the hydrodynamic modelling of offshore structures and dredgers. However, the coupling of these hydrodynamic models with methods to analyse the actual workability for a given offshore operation is less developed. The present paper focuses on techniques to determine the workability (or downtime) in an accurate manner. Two different methods of determining the downtime are described in the paper. The first method is widely used in the industry: prediction of downtime on basis of wave scatter diagrams. The second method is less common but results in a much more reliable downtime estimate: determination of the ‘job duration’ on basis of scenario simulations. The analysis using wave scatter diagrams is simple: the downtime is expressed as a percentage of the time (occurrences) that a certain operation can not be carried out. This method can also be used for a combination of operations however using this approach does not take into account critical events. This can lead to a significant underprediction of the downtime. For the determination of the downtime on basis of scenario simulations long term seastate time records are used. By checking for each subsequent time step which operational mode is applicable and if this mode can be carried out the workability is determined. Past events and weather forecast are taken into account. The two different methods are compared and discussed for a simplified offloading operation from a Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoy. The differences between the methods will be presented and recommendations for further applications are given.

A multi-scenario assessment of the seismogenic tsunami hazard for Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168
Author(s):  
Janaka J. Wijetunge
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Submarine Canyon ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Scenario Assessment ◽  
Seismic Scenarios

Purpose This paper aims to describe a multi-scenario assessment of the seismogenic tsunami hazard for Bangladesh from active subduction zones in the Indian Ocean region. Two segments of the Sunda arc, namely, Andaman and Arakan, appear to pose a tsunamigenic seismic threat to Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach High-resolution numerical simulations of tsunami propagation toward the coast of Bangladesh have been carried out for eight plausible seismic scenarios in Andaman and Arakan subduction zones. The numerical results have been analyzed to obtain the spatial variation of the maximum tsunami amplitudes as well as tsunami arrival times for the entire coastline of Bangladesh. Findings The results suggest that the tsunami heights are amplified on either side of the axis of the submarine canyon which approaches the nearshore sea off Barisal in the seaboard off Sundarban–Barisal–Sandwip. Moreover, the computed tsunami amplitudes are comparatively higher north of the latitude 21.5o in the Teknaf–Chittagong coastline. The calculated arrival times indicate that the tsunami waves reach the western half of the Sundarban–Barisal–Sandwip coastline sooner, while shallow water off the eastern half results in a longer arrival time for that part of the coastline, in the event of an earthquake in the Andaman seismic zone. On the other hand, most parts of the Chittagong–Teknaf coastline would receive tsunami waves almost immediately after an earthquake in the northern segment of the Arakan seismic zone. Originality/value The present assessment includes probabilistic measures of the tsunami hazard by incorporating several probable seismic scenarios corresponding to recurrence intervals ranging from 25 years to over 1,000 years.

scholarly journals PEMETAAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN SAWAH KE NON SAWAH DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI GABAH DI KECAMATAN KEBAKKRAMAT, KARANGANYAR

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mujiyo Mujiyo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

<span>The research has aims to know ; (1) the velocity of function displace of the rice field to the non rice field during year period 2000, 2004 and 2008, (2) change grain product during year period 2000, 2004 and 2008, and (3) the relationship between the velocity of function displace of the rice field to the non rice field and the grain production during year period 2000, 2004 and 2008. Function displace of the rice field in the Kebabakkramat District known by determining the wide of each land use type in the appointed year, and then comparing it with data in the next year. The first mapping was based on the Map of Rupa Bumi Bakosurtanal which made in 2000. The second mapping was based on the image QUICK BIRD 2004 which published in the internet media Google Earth. And the third mapping determined by field survey in the 2008. Result of the research shows that ; (1) rice field in the Kebakkramat District along period 2000 until 2008 had function displace, 2.571,89 ha (2000) decreased to become 2.153,33 ha (2004), and decreased again to become 2.128,11 ha (2008), (2) grain production in the Kebakkramat District along period 2000 until 2007 shows increasing trend, 39.880 ton (2000) increased to become 40.631 ton (2003), but decreased to become 35.354 ton (2004), and increased again to become 43.062 ton (2007), (3) although wide of the rice field decreased, but the grain production increased, because increasing its land productivity caused by continuity of the rice field intensification program.</span>

scholarly journals Delft Dashboard: a quick set-up tool for hydrodynamic models

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-527
Author(s):  
Maarten van Ormondt ◽  
Kees Nederhoff ◽  
Ap van Dongeren
Keyword(s):  
Test Cases ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Source Program ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spatially Varying

Abstract The open-source program Delft Dashboard (DDB) is a graphical user interface designed to quickly create, edit input parameters and visualize model inputs for a number of hydrodynamic models, using private or publicly available local and global datasets. It includes a number of toolboxes that facilitate the generation of spatially varying inputs. These include new model schematizations (grids, bathymetry, boundary conditions, etc.), cyclonic wind fields and initial tsunami waves. The use of DDB can have significant benefits. It can save modellers considerable time and effort. Furthermore, the automated nature of both data collection and pre-processing within the program reduces the likelihood of errors that could occur when setting up models manually. Three case studies are presented: simulation of tides in the North Sea, storm surge and wave modelling under tropical cyclone conditions and the simulation of a tsunami. The test cases show that models created with DDB can be set up efficiently while maintaining a predictive skill that is only slightly lower than that of extensively calibrated models.

scholarly journals Shape of Training Review: an impact assessment for UK gastroenterology trainees

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Clough ◽  
Michael FitzPatrick ◽  
Philip Harvey ◽  
Liam Morris
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Change ◽  
British Society ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Endoscopy Training ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Key Barrier ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

BackgroundPhysician training in the UK is undergoing considerable change due to the implementation of recommendations made in the Shape of Training Review. In particular, higher specialty training (HST), including gastroenterology, will be shortened from 5 to 4 years. This will also incorporate general internal medicine (GIM) training. There is concern among gastroenterologists regarding how high-quality gastroenterology training will be delivered in 4 years.MethodsThe 2018 British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) trainees’ survey results were used to examine the potential impact of a 4-year HST period on achieving key competencies in gastroenterology.Results291 (49.4%) gastroenterology trainees responded. Satisfaction with gastroenterology training was high (79.6% respondents), and self-reported confidence in hepatology training was also high (84% senior respondents). However, only half (51.1%) of the respondents achieved complete colonoscopy certification by their final year of training. Comparison with the 2014 BSG trainees’ survey demonstrated that the number of endoscopy procedures achieved by trainees has reduced in sigmoidoscopy (p=0.006) and colonoscopy (p<0.001). The proportion of time spent in GIM training has increased since the last survey, with 81.8% of the respondents spending more than 25% of their time in GIM. GIM training was reported to be a key barrier to adequate gastroenterology and endoscopy training.ConclusionThese data indicate significant barriers to delivering gastroenterology and endoscopy training within the current 5-year programme. Novel strategies will be required to improve the rate of progression in endoscopy training, in particular if high-quality gastroenterology HST training is to be delivered in 4 years.

The Carrowmore Megalithic Cemetery, Co. Sligo

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

This paper is inspired by and based upon a field survey of the Carrowmore megalithic cemetery carried out by the writer and Mr Desmond Smith, then Hon. Secretary of the Sligo Field Club, in 1972–73 and revised in 1977 following the clearance of scrub from a number of sites which had hitherto been incapable of proper examination. So far as is known, this is the first attempt at a definitive, if admittedly superficial, survey of this unique assemblage of tombs and other sites since that conducted by Col. W. G. Wood-Martin almost a century ago and recorded in The Rude Stone Monuments of Ireland (1888). The only other definitive survey was that made in 1837 by George Petrie, archaeologist to the Ordnance Survey, and recorded in the Ordnance Survey Letters for County Sligo. In addition, Petrie prepared a map of the area of the cemetery (unfortunately not reproduced in the Ordnance Survey letters) in which he marked and numbered all sites to his knowledge then extant. This map was revised and used by Wood-Martin and it is on this later version that the identification of sites in the present survey is based.A fairly close acquaintance with Carrowmore over the past twenty years or so has encouraged the conviction that the problems posed are of greater variety and complexity than have up to now been acknowledged.

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