scholarly journals Microbiological Profile of Pin Tract Infections due to External Fixators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokkam Meher Krishna Priyanka ◽  
Devnikar V Anushka ◽  
Subramani Parimala ◽  
Seenappa Hariprasad
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Pin tract infections are complications associated with external fixators. Proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent further complications related to the infection. There are limited numbers of studies on this infection and thus treatment is usually based on individual’s experience. Therefore, this study was undertaken to have a better understanding of pin tract infections and to help us establish a treatment protocol in the hospital. Aim: To determine the incidence of pin tract infections among all patients who have external fixators, to identify the causative agents and study their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in a tertiary hospital for patients who had external fixators. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent from the patient, all patients were monitored and if there was clinical suspicion of infection, discharge/pus was collected from the infection site and processed in the microbiology laboratory as per standard laboratory protocol to isolate and identify the causative agent. Antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft excel 2010. Results: It was found that out of the 30 patients included in the study, six patients showed clinical evidence of pin tract infections with male preponderance. The most common isolate was Acinetobacter baumanii followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter koseri with variable antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Conclusion: Pin tract infection occurred in 20% of the patients. Early diagnosis and treatment prevents complications which further reduces the cost of treatment and the number of days of hospital stay.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi Narayana-Swamy ◽  
Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽  
Urvashi Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat vaginal infections effectively.

scholarly journals Diabetic Foot Infection: Causative Pathogens and Empiric Antibiotherapy Considerations—The Experience of a Tertiary Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Neves ◽  
Bruno Duarte ◽  
Margarida Pinto ◽  
Ana Formiga ◽  
José Neves
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tertiary Center

Most moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infections (DFIs) require hospitalization with urgent surgical approach and administration of empiric antibiotherapy. To ensure optimal antibiotic coverage, regular microbiological background updates are imperative. The purpose is to characterize the microbiological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the DFI causative pathogens isolated within a specialized DFI unit of a tertiary hospital, in order to establish evidence-based policies regarding empirical antibiotic use. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Microbiological cultures and corresponding antibiotic sensitivity tests collected from moderate-to-severe DFIs as a first approach to the hospitalized patient were retrieved and analyzed during a 12-month period. Two groups were analyzed: inpatients that had been previously followed at the diabetic foot clinic of the hospital and inpatients without a previous contact with the hospital services. A total of 125 isolates obtained from 87 patients were deemed for analysis. Globally, a predominance of Gram-positive bacteria was observed (60%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. The global ratio of methicillin-sensitive S aureus to methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) was 1.3:1, with similar findings in both groups. According to the antibiotic sensitivity test results, and within the recommended empiric antibiotic regimens for DFI, piperacillin/tazobactam seems to be the most suitable option. Gram-positive bacteria prevail as the main isolates in DFIs. Screening for MRSA-specific risk factors is mandatory. When going for a first empiric therapy, piperacillin/tazobactam is recommended in this institution, and an anti-MRSA agent should be added early, if necessary. We encourage continuous monitoring for the bacterial prevalence in Portuguese diabetic foot centers as it is paramount for the decision making regarding DFI protocols.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Janakpurdham, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 5692-5697
Author(s):  
Dr. Digbijay Kumar Thakur ◽  
Dr. Rameshwar Mahaseth ◽  
Dr. Shambhu Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections are most common bacterial infection in routine clinical practice. It is also most common nosocomial infection in many hospitals. Antibiotics are usually given empirically before urine culture reports available and treatment failure rate used to be significantly high. Study of causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern are important factors helping formulating antibiotic policy. Generally, most common uropathogene is Escherichia Coli. Tertiary care hospitals, catering of already partially treated or mal treated patients as major chunk, may have varying etiologies and different sensitivity patterns. Objective: To study the culture and sensitivity patterns of urinary tract infections in patients presenting with urinary symptoms in local hospitals. Study design: A cross sectional study Materials and methods: Study was conducted at Madanta Research Clinic Private Limited from 12th march 021 to 12th September 021. Urine from cases suspected to have symptoms suggestive of UTI were send for bacteriological culture and sensitivity. Demographic profiles of each participant along with pathogen isolated, culture sensitivity pattern was documented. Data analysis was done in IBM spss 25. Results: A total 200 samples were selected for bacteriological culture and sensitivity out of which 32% were male and 68% were female. Around 50% of participants were in age group 20-40. There was no growth in 64% sample. Among positive samples (36%), E. coli (most common) was detected in 91.66%, Klebsiella was detected in 6.94%. Gentamicin, Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin were most common antibiotics sensitive to organisms in culture and Cephalosporins group of antibiotics are commonly resistant. Conclusions: coli is the most common organism isolated in urine culture in our region Janakpur. Cephalosporins are resistant in majority of cases where as Aminoglycosides like Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin are found to be highly sensitive in most of positive cases.

Urinary tract infections and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens in a tertiary hospital in South West, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Ogunleye ◽  
TosinT Oluwafemi ◽  
AkinwumiA Akinbodewa ◽  
OluseyiAdemola Adejumo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
South West ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in a Cameroonian City

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Nyah-tuku Nzalie ◽  
Hortense Kamga Gonsu ◽  
Sinata Koulla-Shiro
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction. Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are usually treated empirically. Geographical variations in etiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are common. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance trends is important for improving evidence-based recommendations for empirical treatment of UTIs. Our aim was to determine the major bacterial etiologies of CAUTIs and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a cosmopolitan area of Cameroon for comparison with prescription practices of local physicians.Methods. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study at two main hospitals in Yaoundé, collecting a clean-catch mid-stream urine sample from 92 patients having a clinical diagnosis of UTI. The empirical antibiotherapy was noted, and identification of bacterial species was done on CLED agar; antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results. A total of 55 patients had samples positive for a UTI. Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were the most empirically prescribed antibiotics (30.9% and 23.6%, resp.); bacterial isolates showed high prevalence of resistance to both compounds.Escherichia coli(50.9%) was the most common pathogen, followed byKlebsiella pneumoniae(16.4%). Prevalence of resistance for ciprofloxacin was higher compared to newer quinolones.Conclusions.E. coliandK. pneumoniaewere the predominant bacterial etiologies; the prevalence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Detection of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus using mec a, ribotyping and antibiogram profile of Pakistani clinical isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeela Fatima ◽  
Imran Sajid ◽  
Saba Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of MRSA with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and molecular characterization of these strains. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Microbiology section of Citilab and Research Centre, Lahore. Period: March 2014 to June 2016. Materials and Methods: Bacterial isolates were retrieved from different specimens of pus/wound, blood and other body fluids. These were characterized using conventional (catalase, DNase, coagulase etc), phenotypic and molecular techniques (oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mec-A gene) methods of identification. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was also detected by applying standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of all the isolated strains, the frequency of MSSA (methicillin sensitive Staphylococcu saureus) was more than the MRSA and it was found that the male patients were more affected than the female patients. All of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin while most of them showed positive band of mec-A gene. All of the MRSA isolates showed resistant to penicillin followed by azithromycin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin, while these strains were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin, followed by teicoplanin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid. Conclusion: In conclusion, proper diagnosis of MRSA required conventional, phenotypic molecular techniques in our hospital diagnostic settings. This will help in choosing the effective antibiotics combat the infection.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection: Spectrum of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Acharya ◽  
B Bogati ◽  
GT Shrestha ◽  
P Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is common in both diabetic and non diabetic patients. Since the microorganisms causing UTI vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and time to time, hence constant screening of trends and susceptibility pattern of predominant   organisms against antimicrobials is essential. The study aims to determine the spectrum of  ropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in both diabetic and non diabetic patients with clinically suspected UTI .A prospective cross sectional study was conducted during period of February 2013 to July 2013 among 90 diabetic and 90 non diabetic patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital,  Dhulikhel, Kavre (DH-KUH). All samples and isolates were investigated by standard laboratory rocedures. A total of 55 (30.5%) samples showed significant growth. No significant difference among culture positivity rate was noted between diabetic and non diabetic patients (34.5% Vs 26.7%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism (64.5% in diabetic and 66.7% non diabetic) followed by Klebsiella sps (22.6% in diabetic and 12.5% in non diabetic). Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin were highly sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials followed by  otrimoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Least sensitivity rate was observed with ampicillin and cephalexin. However, no difference was noted on the sensitivity pattern of the antimicrobials among E. coli isolated between diabetic and non diabetic patients. In this study high proportion of gram negative bacilli with predominant uropathogen being E. coli was noted. Irrespective of the status of diabetes, Staphylococcus sps and Pseudomonas sps were not isolated from UTI patients in our study. The isolation of organisms and their resistance pattern was almost similar between diabetic and non diabetic patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11998Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 24-28

scholarly journals Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility study of pyodermas at a tertiary care center in central Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Manjunath Hulmani ◽  
Prabhakar Meti ◽  
JagannathKumar V.
Keyword(s):  
Skin Infection ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Resistant Strains

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pyoderma is defined as a skin infection mainly caused by <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes</em> or both. Pyoderma is a common skin infection in India and constitutes major portion of patients in dermatological clinics. Many cases nowadays do not respond to the antibiotics that were previously sensitive. In order to successfully treat cases of pyodermas, sound knowledge is necessary regarding the etiology and their sensitivity patterns. Objectives of this study were to determine clinico-epidemiological and etiological factors associated in patients with pyoderma and to find sensitivity pattern of isolated organisms to various antibiotics commonly used<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span>A hospital based cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients </span>presenting with bacterial skin infections to the Dermatology out-patient department of a tertiary care centre in Central Karnataka. Clinical and epidemiological features were recorded on a predefined proforma.  Sterile swabs were used to collect the pus from the lesions under aseptic precaution. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated strains to different groups of drugs was tested on Muller Hinton agar by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Primary pyodermas was seen more in the age group of 21-30 years (21%), followed by 31-40 years (19%).  Folliculitis (32%) was the commonest clinical type followed by furuncles (28%). Among the gram positive isolates, Vancomycin (88.24%), Linezolid (86.67%) and Cefoxitin (71%) were the most susceptible drugs, whereas Amoxicillin (92.86%) and penicillin G (88.37%) were the most resistant drugs<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pyodermas have been the major cause of morbidity since long. Even though pyoderma is a common condition, emerging multidrug resistant strains is of major concern to treat these conditions. Suitable and judicious selection of antibiotics by using antibiotic sensitivity data would limit the emerging drug resistant strains in the future to treat these clinical conditions successfully<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Assessment of urinary tract infection and their resistance to antibiotics in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nureen Zahra ◽  
Kanwal Rehman ◽  
Rana Aqeel ◽  
Asia Parveen ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than non-diabetic patients and due to the development of multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains, the choice of antibacterial agents is being limited. The study was undertaken to determine the influence of diabetes mellitus on the uropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among patients with UTIs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which total of 400 patients were studied out of which 150 were diabetics and 250 were non-diabetics. Patients with negative urine culture (n = 240) were excluded from the study and 160 patients with positive culture of UTIs of which 80 were diabetics and 80 were non-diabetics, included in this study. Clinical data were obtained from individual study participant with informed written consent using pre-tested questionnaire. According to the clean-catch procedure, midstream urine samples were collected and cultured for the diagnosis and susceptibility of bacteriuria. Out of 160 uropathogenic isolates, <em>E. coli</em> was found as a leading pathogen i.e. 46.25% followed by <em>Candida spp</em>. 30.62%, <em>S. Faecalis</em> 15.62%, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> 3.13%, <em>Pneumococcus</em>. 1.25%, MSSA 1.25%, MRSA 0.63%, <em>Proteus spp</em>. 0.63% and <em>Vancomycin resistant enterococcus spp.</em> 0.63%. The results indicated that prevalence of UTIs was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects. <em>E. coli</em> was found to be the most common isolate. It was observed that UTIs in diabetic patients was more in female diabetic patients than in male patients. Investigation of bacteriuria in diabetic patients for UTIs is an important tool for the treatment and prevention of renal complications.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection at a tertiary care hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Rama Biswas ◽  
Raihan Rabbani ◽  
Hasan Shahrear Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Abdus Satter Sarker ◽  
Nahida Zafrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Current knowledge on antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. The aim of the study is to determine the changing pattern of antibiotic sensitivity among uropathogens causing UTI. Methods: Urinary isolates from symptomatic UTI cases attending in Square hospital were processed in the Microbiology lab. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production was determined by double disk synergy test method. Results: Of the 200 tested sample 110 samples showed growth of pathogens among which the most prevalent were E.coli (58.18%) followed by Enterococci (13.6%). The majority (68.18%) of the isolates were from female. ESBL production was observed in 46.87% o E.coli strains and 25% of Klebsiella strains. More than 98% of the isolates are sensitive to Imipenem, Meropenem , while 86.36% are sensitive to Amikacin, 73.63% to Nitrofurantoin and 74.54% to Gentamicin. Very high rate of resistance is seen against amoxicillin (88.19%), cefixime (65.46%), cotrimoxazole (68.19%) and ceftriaxone (63.63%). E. coli showed high sensitivity to meropenem, imipenem and amikacin (100%) followed by Gentamicin (94.1%). Conclusion: The study revealed that E.coli was the predominant bacterial pathogens of UTIs. An increasing trend in the production ESBLs among UTI pathogens in the community was noted. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for primary, uncomplicated UTIs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v2i1.19952 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2014; 2 (1): 21-24

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