scholarly journals Dermatoscopy in the evaluation of cutaneous lesions in patients with familial atypical multiple-mole melanoma syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Robert Bobotsis ◽  
Brandon Chau
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Asymmetric Shape ◽  
Atypical Nevi ◽  
Common Cancer Type

Skin cancer is currently the most common cancer type afflicting North Americans today and with an aging population the incidence is likely to increase. Certain skin cancers such as melanoma can result in significant morbidity and mortality especially if not identified and treated early. The traditional ABCDE rule (asymmetric shape, irregular borders, variation in colour, diameter >6 mm and evolution/elevation of the lesion) used to identify concerning tumours will in fact miss many early melanomas. This problem is exacerbated in patients with hereditary forms of melanoma such as Familial Atypical Multiple- Mole Melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome where multiple atypical nevi satisfying the ABCDE criteria are present and would therefore warrant biopsy. Most of these biopsies would be unnecessary and would increase the patient’s morbidity. Dermatoscopy is a clinical tool that provides a bridge between clinical and histopathologic evaluation and has proven to be helpful in triaging suspicious lesions in the general population and to be a first-line screening tool to increase the detection of early melanomas in patients with FAMMM.

scholarly journals Vloga medijev pri ozaveščanju bolnikov z rakom

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Rajer ◽  
Luka Čavka ◽  
Amela Duratović
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Common Cancer Type

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDNowadays cancer patients tend to be more involved in the medical decision process. Active participation improves health outcomes and patient satisfaction. To participate effectively patients require a huge amount of information, but time limits make it impossible to satisfy all information needs at clinics. We tried to find out which kind of media cancer patients use when searching for information and how often. Lastly, we try to find out how popular the Internet is in this regard.METODSIn this research we invited cancer patients, who had regular clinic examinations at the Oncology Institute between 21st and 25th May in 2012. We carried out a prospective research by anonymous questionnaires. We were investigating which media were used and how often. We analysed results with descriptive statistics, ANOVA, the χ²-Test and the t-test.RESULTS478 of 919 questionnaires distributed among cancer patients were returned. Mean age was 59.9 years. 61 % of responders were female, and the most common level of education was high school (33 %). Most common cancer type was breast cancer (33 %), followed by gastrointestinal and lung cancer. Patients search for information most often on television (81.4% responders), followed by specialized brochures (78%), internet (70.8%) and newspapers (67.6%). Patients who do not use media for information searching are older than average (62.5 years vs. 59.9 years; p<0,000).CONCLUSIONSAccording to our results patients search for information most often on television, followed by brochures, internet and newspapers. Older patients less often search for information. This data might help doctors in everyday clinical practice.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Most Viewed First 50 Videos on YouTube about Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Isil Yurdaisik
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Cancer Type

Objective. Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women worldwide. Today, health consumers search the Internet to gain health information about many diseases including breast cancer. YouTube™ is the second most commonly used website on the Internet. However, the quality and accuracy of health-related YouTube™ videos are controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the quality and accuracy of breast cancer-related videos on YouTube™. Material and Methods. “Breast cancer” keyword was entered into YouTube™ search bar, and after excluding advertisement, duplicate, and non-English videos, the first most viewed 50 videos were analyzed. Videos’ length, the number of views, comments, likes, and dislikes were recorded. DISCERN and JAMA scores and Video Power Index (VPI) values of the videos were calculated. All videos were evaluated by two independent radiologists experienced on breast cancer. The correlation between the two observers was also analyzed. Results. Of all videos, 14% were uploaded by physicians, 26% by health channels, 20% by patients, 10% by news channels, 2% by herbalists, 2% by blog channels, and 2% by nonprofit activism channels. The mean DISCERN score was calculated as 26.70±10.99 and the mean JAMA score as 2.23±0.97. The mean VPI value, which was calculated to determine the popularity of the videos, was found as 94.10±4.48. A strong statistically significant correlation was found between the two observers in terms of both DISCERN and JAMA scores. There was an excellent agreement between the two observers. Conclusion. The overall quality of the viewed videos was found as poor. Healthcare professionals should be encouraged to upload breast cancer-related videos with accurate information to promote patients for screening and direct them appropriately.

Lumps and bumps

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubeta Matin ◽  
Jane McGregor ◽  
Catherine Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Internal Source ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Skin Tags ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Melanoma Skin

A skin ‘lump or bump’ is taken here to refer to a lesion on the skin that an individual recognizes as something new or unusual. It comprises a heterogeneous group and presents in many guises, usually to primary care. Common causes of ‘lumps and bumps’ include warts, moles, skin tags, dermatofibromas, lipomas, epidermoid cysts, and, of course, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Distinguishing malignant from non-malignant is not always straightforward. Maintaining a low threshold for referral into secondary care is wise, especially for pigmented lesions, but also for those lesions where there is no obvious diagnosis. Occasionally, a lump in the skin may have arisen from an internal source, such as a metastasis or lymph node. This chapter describes only primary cutaneous lesions and classifies them according to their origin.

How Mohs Surgery Transformed Into a First-Line Treatment of Skin Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Bobotsis ◽  
Lyn Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Surgical Margins ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Mohs Surgery ◽  
The Real ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
First Line Treatment

Mohs surgery is considered ideal treatment for many types of skin cancers. Developed by Dr Frederic Edward Mohs (1910-2002), Mohs surgery allows all surgical margins to be viewed microscopically, ensuring no cancer cells go unremoved, yet it failed to achieve immediate acceptance when first introduced in the 1940s. A catalyst to the widespread acceptance of Mohs surgery occurred with the work of dermatologic colleagues who reported excellent results without using the paste. It suggested the real innovation of Mohs surgery lay in its microscopic control and not the paste, the discontinuation of which removed all the problems associated with its use.

scholarly journals Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenesis and Immune Dysregulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Wei Huang ◽  
Chih-Hung Lee ◽  
Hsin-Su Yu
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Chemical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Oxidative Species

Arsenic, a metal ubiquitously distributed in the environment, remains an important global health threat. Drinking arsenic-contaminated water is the major route of human exposure. Exposure to arsenic contributes to several malignancies, in the integumentary, respiratory, hepatobiliary, and urinary systems. Cutaneous lesions are important manifestations after long-term arsenic exposure. Arsenical skin cancers usually herald the development of other internal cancers, making the arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis a good model to investigate the progression of chemical carcinogenesis. In fact, only a portion of arsenic-exposed humans eventually develop malignancies, likely attributed to the arsenic-impaired immunity in susceptible individuals. Currently, the exact pathophysiology of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis remains elusive, although increased reactive oxidative species, aberrant immune regulations, and chromosome abnormalities with uncontrolled cell growth might be involved. This review discusses how arsenic induces carcinogenesis, and how the dysregulated innate and adaptive immunities in systemic circulation and in the target organs contribute to arsenic carcinogenesis. These findings offer evidence for illustrating the mechanism of arsenic-related immune dysregulation in the progression of carcinogenesis, and this may help explain the nature of multiple and recurrent clinical lesions in arsenic-induced skin cancers.

Unexpected gallbladder cancer as the source of some unknown primary cancers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16177-e16177
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Zhiguo Luo ◽  
Xichun Hu ◽  
Qifeng WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gallbladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
First Line

e16177 Background: CUP (Cancer of Unknown Primary) represents a frequent cancer type causing incomparable difficulties in pathological diagnosis as compared to other tumor types. To explore and analyze the causes of CUP (Cancer of Unkown Primary) patients with misdiagnosis in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholecystitis or cholecystolithiasis. Methods: 13 patients with CUP (Cancer of Unkown Primary) were recruited in this research, who accepted the multidisciplinary discussion of the CMUP (Cancer of Multiple or Unknown Primary) multidisciplinary team. Our team analyzed the clinical data and pathological characteristics of these patients, and tried to find the common characteristics of the CUP patients whose primary site is the gallbladder that has been already removed. Results: 13 patients were received laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of previously considered cholecystitis or cholecystolithiasis. The gallbladder is considered as the primary organ supported by the pathological features of the metastatic sites. Importantly, all these patients have local abdominal wall and/or local perigallbladder lymph node metastases. Among them, 3 cases were diagnosed as gallbladder cancer, and 1 case was considered as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia after pathological consultation, which were recognized as benign disease. Among the 13 cases, 9 cases showed local thickening of the gallbladder wall by preoperative CT or B-ultrasound. The median recurrence time was 16.4 months (9-48 months). Of the 13 patients, 5 received radical resection again, and received GP (gemcitabine plus platinum) chemotherapy after surgery. Of the 8 patients who were unable to undergo radical surgery, 5 received first-line GP based chemotherapy, 2 received first-line PD-1 immunotherapy combined with anti-vascular targeted drugs, and 1 received tegafur monotherapy due to poor physical condition. Till now, these patients are still under follow-up. Conclusions: Unexpected gallbladder cancer is the source of some unknown primary cancers. For these patients with cholecystitis or cholecystolithiasis, B-ultrasound examination should not be performed alone, and CT or MRI examination should be performed when necessary. We should pay high attention to the patients with cholecystitis or gallstone thickening of the gallbladder wall or other high-risk gallbladder cancer. Before surgery, clinical data should be analyzed comprehensively, and rapid frozen examination should be performed on patients suspected of having cancer. In order to avoid misdiagnosis, we should pay attention to the principle of none tumor and avoid the risk of incision implantation. If unexpected gallbladder cancer is found, radical operation should be performed as soon as possible.

Tumor and microenvironment response but no cytotoxic T-cell activation in classic Hodgkin lymphoma treated with anti-PD1

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (25) ◽  
pp. 2851-2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Reinke ◽  
Paul J. Bröckelmann ◽  
Ingram Iaccarino ◽  
Maria Garcia-Marquez ◽  
Sven Borchmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
First Line ◽  
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is the cancer type most susceptible to antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and is characterized by scarce Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSCs), perpetuating a unique tumor microenvironment (TME). Although anti-PD1 effects appear to be largely mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in solid tumors, HRSCs frequently lack major histocompatibility complex expression, and the mechanism of anti-PD1 efficacy in cHL is unclear. Rapid clinical responses and high interim complete response rates to anti-PD1 based first-line treatment were recently reported for patients with early-stage unfavorable cHL treated in the German Hodgkin Study Group phase 2 NIVAHL trial. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this very early response to anti-PD1 treatment, we analyzed paired biopsies and blood samples obtained from NIVAHL patients before and during the first days of nivolumab first-line cHL therapy. Mirroring the rapid clinical response, HRSCs had disappeared from the tissue within days after the first nivolumab application. The TME already shows a reduction in type 1 regulatory T cells and PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages at this early time point of treatment. Interestingly, a cytotoxic immune response and a clonal T-cell expansion were not observed in the tumors or peripheral blood. These early changes in the TME were distinct from alterations found in a separate set of cHL biopsies at relapse during anti-PD1 therapy. We identify a unique very early histologic response pattern to anti-PD1 therapy in cHL that is suggestive of withdrawal of prosurvival factors, rather than induction of an adaptive antitumor immune response, as the main mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Signet-ring cells in the skin: a case of late-onset cutaneous metastasis of gastric carcinoma and a brief review of histological approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgür Gündüz ◽  
Mehmet Can Emeksiz ◽  
Pınar Atasoy ◽  
Mehtap Kıdır ◽  
Selim Yalçın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cutaneous Metastasis ◽  
Signet Ring Cell ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Signet Ring Cells ◽  
Internal Malignancy ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Signet Ring ◽  
Ring Cell

Up to 10% of patients with visceral malignancies develop skin metastases during their clinical course and these metastases constitute about 2% of all skin cancers. Skin metastasis may be the first sign of a clinically silent visceral cancer or represent recurrence of an internal malignancy. In both situations, they are associated with poor prognosis, which can partly be attributed to underdiagnosis. In this paper, a case of relapsing gastric adenocarcinoma, which manifested itself as asymptomatic cutaneous papules and nodules on a patient’s head and neck, is reported and histopathological approach to the cutaneous lesions containing signet-ring cell is briefly reviewed.

205 PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitor therapy following progression on a different PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor: a case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A221-A221
Author(s):  
Suresh Mukkamala ◽  
Karine Tawagi ◽  
Marc Matrana
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Stable Disease ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tumor Types

BackgroundThere are increasing numbers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) targeting the PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 pathways, which are approved in a wide variety of tumor types. A case series has previously described the sequential use of first line CPI, followed by second line CPI in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma patients, and both patient population had progressive disease. There is still a lack of data on the safety and efficacy of challenging a patient who has previously progressed on a CPI with a different class of CPI, in other tumor types.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from patients treated with a CPI, who were subsequently challenged with another CPI, at a single institution. Exclusion criteria included patients with renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Patient characteristics, immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), cancer type, tumor proportion score if available, treatment type, treatment response/progression per RECIST v1.1, and survival data were collected.ResultsWe identified 11 patients with various pathologies who received sequential CPI after progressing on first line CPI (table 1). Cancer types included non-small cell lung cancer (n=5), head and neck cancer (n=2), urothelial carcinoma (n=1), Merkel cell carcinoma (n=1), poorly differentiated carcinoma (n=1), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n=1). The tumor proportion score was available in 6 patients. Out of these patients, all were metastatic at the time of second line CPI. First line CPIs were all PD(L)-1 inhibitors, second line CPIs were all PD(L)-1 inhibitors except for one patient who received a CTLA-4 inhibitor in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor. Out of these patients, 3 patients who were trialed with second line CPI had stable disease, 5 patients had progression of disease, 1 patient had an irAE leading to discontinuation of CPI, and 2 patients died from adverse events unrelated to CPI. Out of 3 patients with stable disease on second line CPI, 2 patients had stable disease for over 2 years, and 1 patient has had stable disease for over 1 year.Abstract 205 Table 1Patient characteristics and responseConclusionsDespite concerns that sequential immunotherapy may not be efficacious, 3 out of 11 patients did significantly benefit with the long-term stable disease. We need further large-scale prospective studies and research to know more about tumor characteristics, the mechanism of resistance in immuno-oncology to help us identify patients who would benefit from sequential immunotherapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular interactions between hepatitis C virus and p53 in hepatocarcinogenesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Anzola ◽  
Juan José Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Gene ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Correct Function ◽  
P53 Tumour Suppressor Gene ◽  
Common Cancer Type

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most important primary hepatic cancer and is a common cancer type worldwide. Many aetiological factors have been related to HCC development, such as liver cirrhosis, hepatitis viruses and alcohol consumption. Inactivation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene is one of the most common abnormalities in many tumours, including HCC. p53 is of crucial importance for the regulation of the cell cycle and the maintenance of genomic integrity. In HCC, hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) effect carcinogenic pathways, independently leading to anomalies in p53 function. Several authors have reported that some HCV proteins, such as the core, NS5A and NS3 proteins, interact with p53 and prevent its correct function. The mechanisms of action of these HCV proteins in relation to p53 are not completely clear, but they might cause its cytoplasmic retention or accumulation in the perinuclear region where the protein is not functional. The identification of the interactions between p53 and HCV proteins is of great importance for therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the chronicity and/or carcinogenicity of the virus.

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