scholarly journals Undo Caves Multi-staged Karstic System and Temporary Camp of the Neanderthal Hunters

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Nikoloz Tushabramishvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cave System ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Zagros Region

In Georgia, a strong foundation for scientific study of this period was developed in 1930-ies. Since then more than 500 Paleolithic sites were identified The frequency of paleolithic sites on the territory of Georgia was determined by geographic position of Georgia itself, as it is situated at the crossroads of Africa, Asia and Europe According to some archaeologists the archaeological evidence demonstrates the different local-cultural groups. Despite the small territory we have at least 5 local-cultural versions in the Middle Palaeolithic singled out with us four out of which are represented in the Rioni-Kvirila basin (Fig ). Most quantity of levallois industries were recovered in Imereti region (Western Georgia). 1. Drouchula,-Kudaro Local-cultural group.Mousterian assemblages characterized by blades and elongated points, as recovered in Drouchula, Tsona,Kudaro and other sites, resemble the “Tabun D-type” and Hummallian entities in the Levant.Unfortunatly, we have not the dates from this sites, but we assume that they are younger than Levantian “Tabun-D type”; at the same time, this industry has some similarities with the Northern-Caucasus Miqoqian industries , as well. 2. Tsutskhvati caves Local-cultural group. Multi-stage cave system characterized by the industry which resemble the Zagros region, but there are some differences-the non-Levalloias industry of Tsutskhvati is denticulated; 3. Tskaltsitela local-cultural group- Levalloiasian, denticulated industry (by M.Nioradze); 4. Tsopi Local-cultural.The industry of Tsopi site differs from above mentioned sites by the high quantity of the tools of Quina and Demi-Quina type; 5. Tskhinvali local-cultural group (according to v. Lubin)-Levalois, Unretouched industry. Another type of industry is represented I Ortvala Klde, Djieti open-air site etc.- Mousterian assemblages such as in Ortvala Klde demonstrates similarities with the Middle Paleolithic industries of Anatolia, the Zagros region-recurrent Levallois big number of the convergent tools. Most of the local-cultural groups and the sites are discovered in Western Georgia (Imereti Region) A first evidence of the Middle Paleolithic hunters temporary camp which, possibly has been used as place for some kind of rituals and where is represented a first evidence of the cave rock-art in Georgia has been determined in Rion-Kvirila basin as well. This is a cave-site named “Undo Cave”. Recently, we discovered some other cave-sites near Undo Cave. This fact gave a reason to consider Undo Cave as a one of the caves of Multi-staged cave system which doesn’t belong to any above mentioned groups.

When is the spread of a cultural trait due to cultural group selection? The case of religious syncretism

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Santana ◽  
Raj Patel ◽  
Shereen Chang ◽  
Michael Weisberg
Keyword(s):  
Group Selection ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Group Selection ◽  
Cultural Trait ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Religious Syncretism

AbstractThe reproduction of cultural systems in cases where cultural group selection may occur is typically incomplete, with only certain cultural traits being adopted by less successful cultural groups. Why a particular trait and not another is transmitted might not be explained by cultural group selection. We explore this issue through the case of religious syncretism.

scholarly journals Culturally Based Education for Sustainability—Insights from a Pioneering Ultraorthodox City in Israel

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3721
Author(s):  
Iris Alkaher ◽  
Daphne Goldman ◽  
Gonen Sagy
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Professional Expertise ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Interpretive Study ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
Culturally Based Education

Because culture affects the way people perceive human–nature relationships, it is acknowledged as a crucial component of sustainability. Israel has made efforts to involve cultural groups in education-for-sustainability (EfS). However, EfS within minorities still lags behind the dominant social majority. This study addressed incorporating EfS in the ultraorthodox sector (“ultraorthodoxing” EfS), focusing on a pioneering ultraorthodox municipality. In this interpretive study, interviews were conducted with nine stakeholders that hold key-positions regarding EfS policy-making. It explored how sustainability is introduced into ultraorthodox discourse and promoted in this community. Challenges to incorporating EfS include low environmentalism among the ultraorthodox and cultural–religious barriers. The findings indicate several directions of activity implemented by the Municipality to adapt EfS to ultraorthodox values and worldviews. The study suggests several principles for incorporating EfS in diverse cultural groups within multicultural societies (for example, allocating leaders from within the cultural group and developing their professional expertise, and establishing productive external–internal partnerships). Based on the findings, we suggest that implementing the particularistic approach within specific communities provides the means for empowering them, and is a necessary stage towards the participation of such cultural groups in pluralistic dialogue in wider society.

scholarly journals Co-Cultural Theory and Communication

Communication ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Group Members

Co-cultural communication theory, or co-cultural theory for short, emerged from the scholarly research of Mark Orbe in the 1990s. A co-cultural theoretical approach provides a lens to understand how traditionally underrepresented group members communicate within societal structures governed by cultural groups that have, over time, achieved dominant group status. The theory’s foundation was established by Orbe and colleagues by exploring the communicative lived experiences of underrepresented group members in the United States; the earliest work engaged the communication of co-cultural groups defined through race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, disability, and sexual orientation. The theory centralizes the lived experiences of co-cultural group members and focuses on instances when cultural difference is regarded as salient. At its core, co-cultural theory explores one basic question: How do co-cultural group members use communication to negotiate their cultural identities with others (both like and unlike themselves) in a societal context where they are traditionally marginalized? Through discovery-oriented qualitative research, six factors emerged (field of experience, abilities, perceived costs and rewards, communication approach, preferred outcome, and situational context) as central to the selection of specific co-cultural practices. Since its inception, co-cultural theory has been embraced as a core theory for individuals interested in studying the intersection of culture, power, and communication.

scholarly journals Geochemical Evidence for the Control of Fire by Middle Palaeolithic Hominins

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Brittingham ◽  
Michael T. Hren ◽  
Gideon Hartman ◽  
Keith N. Wilkinson ◽  
Carolina Mallol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Fire Use ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Stage Process

Abstract The use of fire played an important role in the social and technological development of the genus Homo. Most archaeologists agree that this was a multi-stage process, beginning with the exploitation of natural fires and ending with the ability to create fire from scratch. Some have argued that in the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) hominin fire use was limited by the availability of fire in the landscape. Here, we present a record of the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic compounds that are produced during the combustion of organic material, from Lusakert Cave, a MP site in Armenia. We find no correlation between the abundance of light PAHs (3–4 rings), which are a major component of wildfire PAH emissions and are shown to disperse widely during fire events, and heavy PAHs (5–6 rings), which are a major component of particulate emissions of burned wood. Instead, we find heavy PAHs correlate with MP artifact density at the site. Given that hPAH abundance correlates with occupation intensity rather than lPAH abundance, we argue that MP hominins were able to control fire and utilize it regardless of the variability of fires in the environment. Together with other studies on MP fire use, these results suggest that the ability of hominins to manipulate fire independent of exploitation of wildfires was spatially variable in the MP and may have developed multiple times in the genus Homo.

scholarly journals Effects of Cultural and Educational Variables on a Computerized Continuous Performance Task: the EMBRACED CPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1258-1258
Author(s):  
I Ibanez-Casas ◽  
D Jannoo ◽  
D Denardis ◽  
F De la Cruz ◽  
S Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
American Children ◽  
University Degree

Abstract Objective The continuous performance tests (CPTs) are the gold standard to assess vigilance or sustained attention. Many studies have shown that educational level is significantly associated with performance on the CPTs. However, very few studies have made comparisons that included cultural factors (Miranda et al, 2008). Given the breadth of educational systems in different parts of the world, it could be expected that the effect of educational level will vary depending on the culture of origin. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education on performance on a CPT task in 3 ethnically diverse groups (Hispanic, Non-Hispanic and Spanish). Participants and Method This study includes 57 participants in the EMBRACED project: 12 Hispanic Americans, 26 non-Hispanics Americans, and 19 Spaniards (8.3%, 30% and 57% with high education respectively). Educational level was defined as high (university degree and above) or low (less than a university degree). The EMBRACED CPT is computerized and demands the participant to touch the iPad screen each time a target is presented. In 3 blocks of 100 stimuli each, the number of hits, omissions, and commissions is recorded. Results A mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance was conducted to compare scores in the three blocks of the CPT in relation to the three cultural groups and by education levels. Results showed no interaction effects between cultural groups and education, and no main effects of education for any of the studied variables. However, there was a significant main effect for cultural group for hits (F = 4.676, P = .014) and omissions (F = 5.614, p = .006). Conclusions The overall results for education in this study were not significant and would need further study. The variability in cultural group revealed a consistent effect across all studied variables. The non-Hispanics scored higher in hits and the Spaniards had more omissions. These results justify the need for cultural adaptation of neuropsychological measures. References Miranda, M. C., Sinnes, E. G., Pompeia, S., & Francisco Amodeo Bueno, O. (2008). A comparative study of performance in the Conners' Continuous Performance Test between Brazilian and North American children. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(5), 588-598.

Filial responsibility: does it matter for care-giving behaviours?

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEENA L. CHAPPELL ◽  
LAURA FUNK
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Filial Responsibility ◽  
Care Giving

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between attitudes of filial responsibility and five different types of care-giving behaviours to parents among three cultural groups. It does so within an assessment of the relative importance of cultural versus structural factors for care-giving behaviours. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 100 Caucasian-Canadians, 90 Chinese-Canadians and 125 Hong Kong-Chinese. Multiple regression analyses assessed the association of cultural and structural factors with behaviours among the total sample and each of the three cultural groups. Limited support was found for an association between care-giving attitudes and care-giving behaviours. Attitudes are related to emotional support only among the two Chinese groups as well as to financial support among Chinese-Canadian respondents and to companionship among Hong Kong-Chinese respondents. Attitudes are not the strongest predictors and are unrelated to assistance with basic and instrumental activities of daily living. However, cultural group per se is a strong predictor of care-giving behaviours as are: parental ill health, living arrangements, and relationship quality. This study suggests gerontological assumptions about the role of societal norms and personal attitudes in parental care-giving should be questioned. It also suggests the need for further inquiry into unpacking those aspects of ‘cultural group’ that are related to behavioural differences, and the importance of examining multiple types of care-giving behaviours and of distinguishing task-oriented helping behaviour from other types of assistance.

scholarly journals Ethno-cultural disparities in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study on the impact of exposure to the virus and COVID-19-related discrimination and stigma on mental health across ethno-cultural groups in Quebec (Canada)

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Miconi ◽  
Zhi Yin Li ◽  
Rochelle L. Frounfelker ◽  
Tara Santavicca ◽  
Jude Mary Cénat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Background Although social and structural inequalities associated with COVID-19 have been documented since the start of the pandemic, few studies have explored the association between pandemic-specific risk factors and the mental health of minority populations. Aims We investigated the association of exposure to the virus, COVID-19-related discrimination and stigma with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a culturally diverse sample of adults in Quebec (Canada). Method A total of 3273 residents of the province of Quebec (49% aged 18–39 years, 57% women, 51% belonging to a minority ethno-cultural group) completed an online survey. We used linear and ordinal logistic regression to identify the relationship between COVID-19 experiences and mental health, and the moderating role of ethno-cultural identity. Results Mental health varied significantly based on socioeconomic status and ethno-cultural group, with those with lower incomes and Arab participants reporting higher psychological distress. Exposure to the virus, COVID-19-related discrimination, and stigma were associated with poorer mental health. Associations with mental health varied across ethno-cultural groups, with exposed and discriminated Black participants reporting higher mental distress. Conclusions Findings indicate sociocultural inequalities in mental health related to COVID-19 in the Canadian context. COVID-19-related risk factors, including exposure, discrimination and stigma, jeopardise mental health. This burden is most noteworthy for the Black community. There is an urgent need for public health authorities and health professionals to advocate against the discrimination of racialised minorities, and ensure that mental health services are accessible and culturally sensitive during and in the aftermath of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Editorial Comments

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Editorial Office
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Official Languages

South Africa is a multicultural and multilingual countrywith eleven official languages and many more dialects.Persons from each cultural group adhere to uniquevalues, attitudes and beliefs influencing their health.Nurses come from all cultural groups. Rendering culturesensitive and culture congruent care in such diversehealth care settings, poses unique ethical problems,which can only be addressed if the health care workerspossess the required knowledge and skills.

scholarly journals Perception of facial emotional expressions by representatives of Asian and European cultural groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.G. Khoze ◽  
O.A. Korolkova ◽  
N.Yu. Zhizhnikova ◽  
M.V. Zubareva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

The article presents the results of a cross-cultural study of the perception of basic emotional expressions by representatives of Asian and European cultural groups and compares them with the results obtained earlier on Russian sample. Emotional expressions from VEPEL database (Kurakova, 2012) were used as stimuli. We revealed invariant perception within a cultural group and cross-cultural differences in perception of the basic emotions of fear, disgust and anger between Asian and Russian cultural groups; in perception of surprise, fear, disgust and anger between European and Russian cultural groups; and in perception of fear, sadness, disgust and anger between European and Asian cultural groups.

Rhodesian Ruins—a preliminary assessment of their styles and chronology

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Garlake
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Archaeological Work

The results of archaeological work on ruins of the Zimbabwe–Khami complex in Rhodesia are reassessed in the light of recent work. In order to provide a preliminary framework for further archaeological investigation, the surface architectural features of a large group of these ruins are analysed, and seven different styles of ruin discerned. These are interpreted as belonging to at least two separate but related cultural groups, the first extending over the whole country in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the second restricted to southern Matabeleland and flourishing during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In a correlation of the archaeological and historical evidence, it is suggested that the decline of Zimbabwe and many smaller ruins belonging to the first cultural group may be linked with the rise of the Mwene Mutapa empire, in which little building in stone took place. The second cultural group and its ruins coincide with the Rozvi state ruled by the Changamire dynasty.

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