scholarly journals Soil contamination by zoonotic parasites in leisure areas: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Braga Araújo ◽  
Bruna Yasmin Teixeira Silva ◽  
Tania Maria Basílio Quezado de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Enteropasites are a risk to both human and animal health, and soil is an important route for their propagation and perpetuation, due to the easy animal  access to leisure environments. Furthermore, the contamination of these areas is a public health problem, due to the high number of people who visit these places and can acquire these parasitoses. The purpose of this study was to research information described in the scientific literature on the prevalenceof parasites with zoonotic potential in leisure areas, their distribution and associated factors. This is an integrative review of the literature in which scientific studies on parasites of zoonotic potential in leisure areas were selected from the Virtual Health Library, with MEDLINE and LILACS as its database, in addition to PUBMED, SCIELO and “Periódicos Capes” published between 2010 and 2020 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eleven articles were selectedfrom the 494 found after applying criteria for inclusion, exclusion and content evaluation. Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara spp. proved to be widely distributed, and soil contamination by parasites is directly linked to the presence of animals in these environments, due to their feces and favorable environmental conditions.KEY WORDS: intestinal parasites; zoonoses; environmental contamination; public health.

scholarly journals Anemia among HIV Infected Children on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: a facility based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesay Lema Geleta ◽  
Fithamlak Bisetegn Solomon ◽  
Efrata Girma Tufa ◽  
Fekadu Elias Sadamo ◽  
Samson Kastro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Ethiopia ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract Background Anemia is a global public health problem and most of the HIV positive people become anemic at some point in the course of the disease. We lack adequate evidence on the magnitude of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Ethiopia and particularly in South Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed at determining the proportion and associated factors of anemia among children on highly active anti retroviral therapy in Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia.Method a facility based cross-sectional study has been conducted from November to December 2018 on 256 children 6 months to 14 years of age who were on Anti retroviral therapy. Data were collected through an interview with caregivers and review of medical records. CD4+ cell count was analyzed using FACS caliber and Hemoglobin level was measured with Hem cue 301 analyzer. Stool sample was examined for presence of intestinal parasites by direct wet mount technique. Data analyzed with Stata version 14.0 were conveyed in mean and standard deviation of the mean, median and inter-quartile range. Multivariate analysis was carried out to identify independent predictors of the outcome variable. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported.Results The magnitude of anemia was found to be 38.8%. Taking Co-trimoxazole antibiotic prophylaxis (AOR=.45; 95% CI: .21, .95), caregivers’ not receiving nutritional counseling (AOR=09; 95% CI: .01, .98) and presence of intestinal parasites (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.39, 6.88) were associated with anemia.Conclusion The magnitude of anemia obtained in this study is a moderate public health problem. Health education programs in Anti Retroviral Therapy clinics should be targeted at appropriate dietary practice, and appropriate hand washing and other hygienic practices to prevent intestinal parasitic infections. Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should give given to all eligible children based on the recommendation.

Is Technical-grade Chlordane an Obesogen?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana F. Silva ◽  
Bruno P. Moreira ◽  
Luís Rato ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira ◽  
Pedro F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The prevalence of obesity has tripled in recent decades and is now considered an alarming public health problem. In recent years, a group of endocrine disruptors, known as obesogens, have been directly linked to the obesity epidemic. Its etiology is generally associated with a sedentary lifestyle, a high-fat diet and genetic predisposition, but environmental factors, such as obesogens, have also been reported as contributors for this pathology. In brief, obesogens are exogenous chemical compounds that alter metabolic processes and/or energy balance and appetite, thus predisposing to weight gain. Although this theory is still recent, the number of compounds with suspected obesogenic activity has steadily increased over the years, though much more remain a matter of debate. Technical-grade chlordane is an organochlorine pesticide widely present in the environment, albeit at low concentrations. Highly lipophilic, this compound can be metabolized by humans and animals into more toxic and stable compounds that are stored in fat tissue and consequently pose a danger to the human body, including the physiology of adipose tissue, which plays an important role in weight regulation. In addition, technical-grade chlordane is classified as a persistent organic pollutant, a group of chemicals whose epidemiological studies are associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Herein, we discuss the emerging roles of obesogens as threats to public health. We particularly discuss the relevance of chlordane persistence in the environment and how its effects on human and animal health provide evidence for its role as an endocrine disruptor with possible obesogenic activity.

Anaemia in Ugandan preschool-aged children: the relative contribution of intestinal parasites and malaria

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1534-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN K. GREEN ◽  
JOSE C. SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO ◽  
MARIA-GLORIA BASÁÑEZ ◽  
MARTHA BETSON ◽  
NARCIS B. KABATEREINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Lake Systems ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

SUMMARYAnaemia is a severe public health issue among African preschool-aged children, yet little effective progress has been made towards its amelioration, in part due to difficulties in unravelling its complex, multifactorial aetiology. To determine the current anaemia situation and assess the relative contribution of malaria, intestinal schistosomiasis and infection with soil-transmitted helminths, two separate cross-sectional epidemiological surveys were carried out in Uganda including 573 and 455 preschool-aged children (⩽6 years) living along the shores of Lake Albert and on the islands in Lake Victoria, respectively. Anaemia was found to be a severe public health problem in Lake Albert, affecting 68·9% of children (ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95% CI) 64·9–72·7%), a statistically significant higher prevalence relative to the 27·3% detected in Lake Victoria (95% CI: 23·3–31·7%). After multivariate analysis (controlling for sex and age of the child), the only factor found to be significantly associated with increased odds of anaemia in both lake systems was malaria (Lake Albert, odds ratio (OR)=2·1, 95% CI: 1·4–3·2; Lake Victoria, OR=1·9, 95% CI: 1·2–2·9). Thus intervention strategies primarily focusing on very young children and combating malaria appear to represent the most appropriate use of human and financial resources for the prevention of anaemia in this age group and area. Looking to the future, these activities could be further emphasised within the National Child Health DaysPLUSagenda.

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasites of Owned Dogs and Cats from Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas: Prevalence, Zoonotic Risks, and Pet Owner Awareness in Northern Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Aurelio Zanzani ◽  
Alessia Libera Gazzonis ◽  
Paola Scarpa ◽  
Federica Berrilli ◽  
Maria Teresa Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Pet Owner

Intestinal parasites of dogs and cats are cosmopolitan pathogens with zoonotic potential for humans. Our investigation considered their diffusion in dogs and cats from northern Italy areas, specifically the metropolitan area of Milan and two micropolitan areas of neighboring provinces. It included the study of the level of awareness in pet owners of the zoonotic potential from these parasites. A total of 409 fresh fecal samples were collected from household dogs and cats for copromicroscopic analysis and detection ofGiardia duodenaliscoproantigens. The assemblages ofGiardiawere also identified. A questionnaire about intestinal parasites biology and zoonotic potential was submitted to 185 pet owners. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites resulted higher in cats (47.37%−60.42%) and dogs (57.41%−43.02%) from micropolitan areas than that from the metropolis of Milan (dogs:P=28.16%; cats:P=32.58%). The zoonotic parasites infecting pets under investigation wereT. canisandT. cati,T. vulpis, Ancylostomatidae, andG. duodenalisassemblage A. Only 49.19% of pet owners showed to be aware of the risks for human health from canine and feline intestinal parasites. Parasitological results in pets and awareness determination in their owners clearly highlight how the role of veterinarians is important in indicating correct and widespread behaviors to reduce risks of infection for pets and humans in urban areas.

scholarly journals Soil and sand contamination with canine intestinal parasite eggs as a risk factor for human health in public parks in Niš (Serbia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
M. Ristić ◽  
N. Miladinović-Tasić ◽  
S. Dimitrijević ◽  
K. Nenadović ◽  
D. Bogunović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
The City

SummaryRegarding geographical distribution and clinical relevance, the most common canine geohelminths are Toxocara canis, ancylostomatids, and Trichuris vulpis. Canine intestinal parasites from the soil and sand present an important potential serious human health hazard, especially for the children preschool and school – age. This paper aimed to establish the degree of contamination of soil and sand with zoonotic parasites from the canine feces and the degree of risk they could pose for human health in public places and playgrounds in the city of Niš. Our parasitological study involved 200 soil samples and 50 sand samples from the public parks in the city of Niš in southeastern Serbia (43°19′15″N, 21°53′45″ E). From several locations, about 100 g of soil and sand was collected based on the bioclimatic indices. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using conventional qualitative and quantitative coprological methods, abiding by the recommendations about the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. In 38 – 46 % of soil samples and 40 % of sand samples seven species of endoparasites were diagnosed. In the samples of soil, a medium and high degree of contamination with the ascarid T. canis (14 – 22 %) was detected, as well as a low and medium degree of contamination with ancylostomatids (4 – 12 %), and in the samples of sand, a variable degree of contamination with the helminths T. canis (26 %) and A. alata (16 %) was found. A statistically significant difference was found in the contamination with A. alata eggs between the samples of sand and samples of soil. The studied public surfaces represent the reservoir of zoonotic parasites, which is a public health problem requiring a synergistic action of several factors to be successfully resolved, i.e. the implementation of prevention, surveillance, and control measures.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Diagnostic Study of Intestinal Parasitosis, Haiti

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphnee Michel ◽  
Lucainson Raymond ◽  
Ammcise Apply ◽  
Daphenide Daphenide St Louis ◽  
Ketty Balthazard-Accou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Parasitic intestinal diseases are widespread in the world with a higher prevalence in developing countries. They are generally a serious public health problem in tropical countries. In October 2020, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients visiting Fermathe Hospital in Haiti. Data were collected on stool results with the presence of parasites and we used systematic sampling for further information regarding patients with parasitology problems. A summary field survey was also carried out in the surrounding areas with more cases recorded such as Corail, Calbasse, Fort Jacques, Center / Marché Kenscoff, Doco, and Douret for direct observations of the inventory and voluntary interviews with the residents of the area on hygiene practices. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 31.26% and the most common species were: Endolimax nana (39.13%), followed by Blastocystis hominis (14%), Blastocystis hominis / Giardia intestinales (12.07%), Entamoeba coli (5.31%), and others like Iodamoeba butschlii, Ascaris lumbricoides or combined parasites were less than 5%. The field survey revealed a strong relationship between parasitosis and drinking water, parasitosis, and place of defecation. Although there are health centers in the area, many people use self-medication or empiric therapy. The study highlights the important causes of gastrointestinal disorders that present themselves in this hospital and confirms intestinal parasitosis as a major public health problem in Haiti.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis in Children of a Primary School in Pedro Juan Caballero - PY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 424-426
Author(s):  
Kayque Wellek Delgado do Amaral ◽  
Cristiane Venturini Garlet ◽  
Daniel Contreira Júnior ◽  
Marcus Tadeu Fernandes Gomes da Silva ◽  
Laura Simões Cogorno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Introduction: Parasitosis is a type of endoparasitism, which is directly related to sanitary conditions and is an important public health problem in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children attending a primary public school in Pedro Juan Caballero - PY. Materials and Methods: 85 (eighty-five) stool samples were analyzed using the centrifugal sedimentation technique. Results: Cysts and/or parasite eggs were observed in the stool samples of 67 (78.8%) children. Giardia lamblia cysts were those that showed the highest incidence in the children. Conclusion: The high Giardia lamblia index demonstrates the lack of access to drinking water for consumption, inadequate sanitation and the absence of a public health network. This study highlights the importance of encouraging the use of serial analysis of stool, strengthening preventive measures for parasitosis, developing protocols for their approach, and designing a strategy that includes the preschool population in the programs that periodically evaluate the development of children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from public daycare centers in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline L. Menezes ◽  
Vítor M.P. Lima ◽  
Mayrce T.S. Freitas ◽  
Míriam O. Rocha ◽  
Edward F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The City

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of intestinal parasites in 3 to 6-year-old children from daycare centers maintained by the municipal government of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Coproparasitological tests performed in 472 children have shown that 24.6% of them had some type of parasites, 6.6% of the children having more than one type. Among protozoa, Entamoeba coli (14.0%) and G. duodenalis (9.5%) were the most prevalent, whereas Ascaris lumbricoides (3.0%) and Trichuris trichiura (1.1%) were the most frequent among the helminths. Thus, we can observe that intestinal parasites still represent a serious public health problem in Belo Horizonte, especially among children and in areas where the socioeconomic conditions are less favorable.

Sleep disturbance and depression in adolescence: an integrative review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína M. G. F. Tolêdo ◽  
Jessica Fernanda de Oliveira Lima Batista ◽  
Maria Carlla A. Lyra ◽  
Marco Aurélio de V. C. Júnior ◽  
Marcos André M. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

AbstractThis study investigated the association between sleep disorders and depression in adolescents, PubMed/MedLine, SciELO and Lilacs databases were consulted, with an interval of 7 years (2013–2019), in English, Portuguese and Spanish. An integrative review was carried out where after analyzing the inclusion criteria, 616 articles were selected for reading titles and abstracts and 94 of these were selected for full reading. After the full reading, 15 articles were elected to be part of this review. Results show that both sleep disorders are risk factors for depression, as depression can be a risk factor for sleep disorders. Insomnia was the most frequent sleep disorder in adolescence, besides being considered a public health problem. It is concluded that sleep disorders and depressive symptoms are associated and present with great frequency in the adolescent public.

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