scholarly journals Heavy metals analysis, GCMS-QP quantification of flavonoids, amino acids and saponins, analysis of tannins and organoleptic properties of powder and tincture of Echinacea purpurea (L.) and Rhapónticum carthamoídes

10.5219/1476 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 330-339
Author(s):  
Aitbek Kakimov ◽  
Alibek Muratbayev ◽  
Klara Zharykbasova ◽  
Samat Amanzholov ◽  
Gulmira Mirasheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Rhaponticum Carthamoides

Medicinal plants are one of the main sources of vitamins, minerals salts, macro-and microelements, and other biologically active substances that have a health and protective effect on the human body. The current study was aimed to appraise the heavy metals contents in the powder materials of two medicinally important plants Echinacea purpurea (L.)  and Rhapónticum carthamoídes collected from the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Flavonoids, saponins, amino acid contents quantification were done both in raw materials as well as tincture prepared from both plants via GCMS-QP 2010 Ultra chromatomass spectrometer. Further, tannins concentrations and organoleptic properties of the tincture were elucidated using previously reported standard procedures. In the current study, the concentrations of heavy metals were within the permitted range i.e. lead (0.0027 mg.100g-1), cadmium (0.00012 mg.100g-1), arsenic (ND), mercury (ND). In the crude powder, flavonoids were observed to be in the highest concentration in E. purpurea (L.) (5.5 ±0.20 mg.100g-1), whereas, its concentration was 3.1 ±0.346 mg.100g-1 in R. carthamoídes powder. Tannin concentration was higher in R. carthamoídes (5.5 ±0.115 mg.100g-1) and 3.1 ±0.46 mg.100g-1 in E. purpurea. Likewise, saponins concentrations were 4.1 ±0.40 mg.100g-1 and 5.6 ±0.17 mg.100g-1 in E. purpurea and R. carthamoídes powder respectively. Concentrations of these active metabolites in the resultant tincture were flavonoids (7.6 ±0.23), tannins (7.5  ±0.28), and saponins (8.5 ±0.16) mg.100g-1. In the current study, we observed highest concentrations of these essential amino acids in the tincture including leucine/isoleucine (78.00 ±1.15 mg.100g-1), histidine (14.00 ±1.44 mg.100g-1), lysine (49.33 ±2.02 mg.100g-1), methionine (18.66 ±2.90 mg.100g-1), cystine (29.00 ±0.57 mg.100g-1), phenylalanine (24.16 ±1.87 mg.100g-1) and threonine (32.50 ±1.22 mg.100g-1) respectively. The resultant tincture has a pleasant agreeable taste coupled with acceptable herbal flavor which are important organoleptic properties for any product.

CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF PASTA WITH POWDER FROM MARIGOLD INFLORESCENCES (TAGETES L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
SHAPOVALOVA Nataliia ◽  
VEZHLIVTSEVA Svitlana ◽  
ANTIUSHKO Dmytro
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

Background. The deficiency of essential nutrients in the human body is the root cause of reduced efficiency, general resistance of the body to various diseases. That is an urgent problem in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. In this regard, the search for opportunities to meet the needs of the population in food products that contain biologically active substances (BAS) through the use of high-value and at the same time available plant raw materials is extremely important. Marigolds attract special attention among such raw materials. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition and evaluate the consumer properties of Tagetes L. varieties, zoned in the Kiev region, to prove the possibility of increasing the biological value of pasta by adding to their recipe powder from marigold inflorescences. Materials and methods. The object of research is pasta of B group (noodles). Inflorescences of marigolds of different varieties gathered during the flowering period in July-September 2019–2020 in the territory of Vasylkiv and Obukhiv districts of Kyiv region, Ukraine were used as enriching plant raw materials. The quality of finished pasta was assessed by organoleptic and physicochemical indexes (moisture content and titratable acidity). The content of mineral elements in the fine powder of marigold inflorescences was determined on the EXHERT-3L device, the quantitative composition and BAS identification – by spectrophotometric analysis on the device Specord-200 Analytic Jena UV-vis. The integrated quality index of pasta products was calculated taking into account the importance factors of individual indexes. Results. Comparing the obtained results, we can state that all the studied varieties – Gold Kopfen, Orange Flame, Hawaii, Equinox are characterized by high biological value, regardless of the area of collection. As a result of calculated and experimental studies it was determined that the addition of 7 % of the supplement does not provide the required supply of vitamins and minerals. Replacing the flour in the recipe by 20 % significantly improves the mineral composition, but deteriorates the taste and aromatic properties of pasta. The most optimal and rational amount of added additive is 15 %, as it improves the organoleptic properties of pasta and enriches their BAS. Conclusion. The usage of non-traditional vegetable raw materials, in particular powder from marigold inflorescences, which is rich in biologically active substances, allows not only to expand the range, improve the quality of finished products, but also increase the biological value of the product. The optimal amount of additive –powder from marigold inflorescences, was defined. It is 15 % by weight of flour in the production of noodles. This concentration allows not only to improve the organoleptic properties, but also to increase the content of biologically active substances – vitamins, micro- and macronutrients. The usage of non-traditional natural raw materials (powder from marigold inflorescences) allows to abandon artificial colorsand give the finished pasta a pleasant colorand aroma.

scholarly journals INTENSITY OF ACCUMULATION IN LEAF MASS AND SEED MILK THISTLE COPPER IN CONDITIONS OF FIELD CULTIVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Serhiy Razanov ◽  
Alla Razanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Leaf Mass

Medicinal plants are sources of nutrients, may contain one, two or more active ingredients that can provide certain medicinal properties in a living organism. Such plants include milk thistle, which is gaining popularity. Today, the quality of medicinal raw materials is relevant, because milk thistle has a high intensity of accumulation of various toxicants. Recently, this plant has been grown in field crop rotations, the soils of which are contaminated with various toxicants, including heavy metals. Therefore, there is a need to study the intensity of heavy metal contamination of milk thistle, grown in agricultural crop rotations. Milk thistle has biologically active substances, macro- and microelements in the most accessible and digestible form and is one of the factors of the positive effect of its use in medicine, pharmacology, food industry, animal husbandry and crop production. Toxic substances have a negative impact on the quality of medicinal raw materials, can accumulate in plants due to man-made pressure on the environment. These toxicants, entering the human and animal body, can interact with proteins, nucleic acids, change the activity of enzymes, disrupt their biological and transport properties, which can ultimately lead to negative consequences. The influence of mineral fertilization of milk thistle on the intensity of copper accumulation in its leaf mass and seeds has been studied. It was found that when feeding milk thistle with mineral fertilizers, there is an increase in leaf mass and copper seeds. In particular, for the use of ammonium nitrate - 1.25 and 1.4 times; superphosphate simple - 1.14 and 1.2 times; potassium chloride - 1.16 and 1.2 times; mixtures of NPK fertilizers - 1.53 and 1.1 times. Key words: heavy metals, intensity, copper, mineral fertilizers, milk thistle, concentration, danger coefficient, accumulation coefficient.

scholarly journals Obtaining Woody Greens Enriched with L-Arginine during Forestry Management of Young Scots Pine Stands (Scientific Review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-37
Author(s):  
E.V. Robonen ◽  
◽  
N.P. Chernobrovkina ◽  
B.V. Raevsky ◽  
A.V. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Forests produce a huge amount of organic matter, which is a source of renewable raw materials for the production of technical, feed, food and pharmaceutical products. The logging and woodworking industry in Karelia, as in Russia as a whole, is based exclusively on stem wood. Woody greens are formed while felling ripe and over-mature stands, thinning and implementation of measures for the conservation, protection and reproduction of forests including forest stands cutting. The development of technologies for the use of woody greens is necessary for the multi-purpose utilization of the entire phytomass produced by forest plant communities. An additional economic incentive for young stands thinning and limbing, that are used to improve the quality of logs, is the ability to reduce costs or even ensure the profitability of these measures driven by the development of processing plants and the use of wastes generated during transportation: thinners, low-quality and low-value decidous wood, woody greens, that are raw materials for the production of biologically active preparations of various action. The urgent tasks are to increase the use of importsubstituting pharmaceutical substances and to search the alternative methods for producing raw materials for nutrient mixtures and feed stuff. Technologies for modifying the biochemical composition of coniferous greens, resulting in production of plant raw materials enriched with target biologically active substances, are being developed for the exploration of new plant sources. The water-soluble fraction of coniferous greens contains free amino acids, in particular L-arginine, which plays an important role in the life of animals. A promising way is to increase the free amino acids content in coniferous raw materials and change their quantitative ratio by regulation of the mineral nutrition regime of woody plants. An original scheme of additional supply of coniferous plants with nitrogen and boron is proposed in order to obtain coniferous greens enriched with L-arginine. The use of conifers as bioproducers of L-arginine and the study of its metabolism with reference to climatic factors, conditions of mineral nutrition, seasonal and daily dynamics in the natural environment, the search for ways to increase its level in organs and tissues is of current interest both on the theoretical and practical sides. Obtaining coniferous greens enriched with L-arginine will allow organizing the production of coniferous products for nutrient and pharmaceutical use. It is necessary to analyze the potential sources of raw materials taking into account their availability, costs for enriching the needles with L-arginine and product yield per unit area to assess the economic feasibility of organizing such production. A developed sequence of forestry measures will make it possible to obtain needles enriched with L-arginine, both in the process of implementing various types of forest use, and in carrying out activities aimed at increasing the productivity of forests and preserving their useful functions. Herewith, it is possible to turn costly cleaning and fertilizing of young Scots pine stands into profitable ones with additional products. Technologies of intentional changes in the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plant raw materials obtained from woody plants will allow the development of new raw materials for biologically active substances.

Justification of the possibility for obtaining meat culinary products using objects of marine origin

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Елена Владимировна Буракова ◽  
Татьяна Ноевна Слуцкая ◽  
Екатерина Васильевна Шадрина
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
Biological Value

Обоснована возможность получения мясных кулинарных продуктов с добавлением компонентов морского происхождения (макруруса малоглазого, тепловых экстрактов из голотурий - трепанга и кукумарии). В качестве основного сырья использованы мясо индейки и курицы, баранина и говядина. Критериями для оценки данного направления в технологии служили результаты органолептического исследования образцов и показателей биологической ценности. Установлено, что рациональным количеством при производстве котлет из мяса птицы мышечной ткани макруруса малоглазого является 25 % от основного ингредиента рецептуры; биологическая ценность готового изделия при этом увеличивается почти на 20 %. Тепловые экстракты из голотурий (трепанга и кукумарии), применяемые практически вместо воды в составе рецептур котлет из говядины или баранины, способствуют повышению органолептической оценки, а также положительно влияют на биологическую ценность, которая выше, чем у контроля, почти на 18 %. Использование тепловых экстрактов из морского сырья (голотурий) приводит к обогащению продукции растворимыми коллагеновыми фрагментами (установлено по увеличению количества свободного оксипролина), биологически активными аминокислотами (глутаминовая и аспарагиновая, аланин, глицин, пролин), аминосахарами и тритерпеновыми гликозидами. The possibility of obtaining meat culinary products with the addition of components of marine origin (small-eyed macrurus, thermal extracts from holothurium-trepang and cucumaria) is justified. Turkey and chicken meat, lamb and beef are used as the main raw materials. The criteria for evaluating this direction in the technology were the results of organoleptic examination of samples and indicators of biological value. It is established that the rational amount in the production of cutlets from poultry meat of muscle tissue of small - eyed macrurus is 25 % of the main ingredient of the recipe; the biological value of the finished product increases by almost 20 %. Thermal extracts from holothurias (trepang and cucumaria), used instead of water in the recipes of beef or lamb cutlets, contributes to an increase in organoleptic evaluation, and also positively affects the biological value, which is higher than that of the control by almost 18 %. The use of thermal extracts from marine raw materials (holothurias) leads to the enrichment of products with soluble collagen fragments, biologically active amino acids (glutamic and aspartic, alanine, glycine, proline), amino sugars and triterpene glycosides.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF RAW MATERIALS OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS CHRYSANTHEMUM L.

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Светлана (Svetlana) Галимулловна (Galimullovna) Денисова (Denisova) ◽  
Антонина (Аntonina) Анатольевна (Аnatol'evna) Реут (Reut) ◽  
Кира (Kira) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Пупыкина (Pupykina)
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Chrysanthemum Coronarium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Active Substances

The results of phytochemical studies of various types of raw materials (flowers, leaves, stems, roots) of some taxa of the genus Chrysanthemum (the family Asteraceae Dumort.): two species – Chrysanthemum coronarium, Ch. segetum and four varieties Ch. × hortorum Bailey – "Kupava", "Doch' Rozetty", "Oranzhevyj Zakat", "Vechernie Ogni". As the object of comparison Tanacetum vulgare L. was used. Quantitative characteristics of amino acids, macro- and microelements have been determined. The high ability of leaves to accumulate elements such as sodium (0.30–0.41%), calcium (1.24–2.13%), manganese (317.76–651.83 mg/kg), iodine (0.18–0.32 mg/kg), zinc (80.55–115.44 mg/kg), as well as amino acids (8.97–15.38 mg%). Roots contain as much as possible phosphorus (0.18–0.92%), copper (4.61–20.18 mg/kg) and iron (507.48–1234.71 mg/kg); in the stems – potassium (0.80–1.63%). Varying the studied indicators reflects the different biological value of the objects of research. The analysis of elemental and amino acid composition of various types of raw materials of some taxa of chrysanthemum showed that the studied cultivars are promising sources of amino acids, macro- and microelements. As alternative sources of biologically active substances, further studies have been proposed Ch. coronarium, Ch. segetum, Ch. × hortorum "Oranzhevyj Zakat" and "Vechernie Ogni".

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Medicinal Plants Growing Under Conditions of Anthropogenic Load (On the Example of the Kursk Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
S.A. Kurbatov ◽  
◽  
V.M. Zubkova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kursk Region ◽  
Active Substances

in the conditions of the Kursk region, the analysis of soil samples and plant samples for the content of heavy metals was carried out. It is established that the soils of the studied areas are classified as having a high level of pollution in terms of their content. The priority pollutants of the soil are Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Cu, the supply of which is mainly associated with the enterprises operating in this territory. The content of heavy metals in medicinal plant raw materials is estimated. For the first time, depending on the biological characteristics of Tilia cordata, Betula pendula, Plantago major, Urtica dioica, Achillea millefollium, data on the content of biologically active substances in conditions of technogenic pollution are presented, and the antioxidant activity of plants in areas characterized by various anthropogenic loads is studied.

scholarly journals Biochemical Composition of Tea and its Changes under Different Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-414
Author(s):  
Nataliia Platonova ◽  
Oksana Belous
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
The Village

Introduction. The present research featured the antioxidant complex of Russian tea varieties. The research objective was to study the formation patterns of the components responsible for the quality characteristics of tea as a raw material and finished product. The paper describes the changes that the biochemical composition of tea undergoes during the growing season and during processing. The study focused on pigments, vitamins, caffeine, and amino acids. Study objects and methods. The research featured the following varieties of tea grown in the Krasnodar region of Russia: “Kolkhida” (control) and “Sochi”; forms – No. 582, 3823, 855, and 2264. The research was performed on the foundation plantation of collection tea in the village of Uch-Dere (Lazarevsky district of Sochi, Krasnodar region, Russia) and in the laboratory of plant physiology and biochemistry. The study involved traditional and advanced research methods. Results and discussion. The paper introduces some results of a comprehensive analysis of the biochemical composition of various tea sorts. Shoots No. 2264, 3823, and the “Sochi” variety demonstrated high values of ascorbic acid. Form No. 3823 and the “Sochi” variety proved to have a relatively stable content of ascorbic acid. All experimental plants had the highest caffeine synthesis in July (from 24.633 to 28.614 μg/100 g). Processing destroyed caffeine and reduced its amount. The experimental samples of raw materials had eleven amino acids, the largest number being synthesized in May. Processing triggered both general changes in their quantity and varietal differences in the metabolic reactions of amino acid conversion. Conclusion. The tea flushes and finished products differed in all biologically active substances, which is associated with both varietal characteristics and the effect of weather conditions during vegetation.

scholarly journals Analysis of the environmental tolerance and safety of Rosa lupulina Dubovik in the anthropogenic environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
N. A. Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Environmental Tolerance ◽  
Anthropogenic Environment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Active Substances

The influence of technogenic pollution on the dynamics of the content of biologically active substances and the antioxidant activity of the previously poorly studied species Rosa lupulina Dubovik was studied for the first time. The compliance of R. lupulina fruits growing in the Donbas with the requirements of regulatory documentation was evaluated. The relationship between the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) in the fruits of R. lupulina and the soil on which they grow was studied. The environmental safety of raw materials was evaluated.

STUDY OF AMINO ACID COMPOSITION IN ABOVE-GROUND PART INULA OCULUS CHRISTI L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Kruglaya A.A.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
High Biological Activity

One of the conditions for the introduction of a new type of medicinal plant raw materials into medical practice is a comprehensive study of its chemical composition. The wide distribution of amino acids in plants and their high biological activity contribute to the effective action of medicinal raw materials and preparations derived from it on the body. Amino acids give other biologically active substances an easily digestible form, while simultaneously potentiating their pharmacological effect. The world around us contains many amino acids, but about 20 are enough for people to function normally. Amino acids as constituents of proteins are involved in all life processes along with nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids. In addition to amino acids that make up proteins, living organisms have a constant reserve of free amino acids contained in tissues and cell sap. They are in dynamic equilibrium with numerous exchange reactions. Amino acids are used in the biosynthesis of phosphatides, porphins, nucleotides. The qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in the aerial part of Inula oculus christi was studied. The analysis was carried out on an AAA400 amino acid analyzer, a highly specialized automated liquid chromatograph with computer control, equipped with a post-column detector system. 0.2 g of a sample (accurately weighed on an analytical balance) was suspended in a 20 ml penicillin vial, added to the top with normal hydrochloric acid, tightly closed with a rubber lid, and placed in an oven for 23 hours at 110°C. After hydrolysis, it was cooled to room temperature and evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator, after which 5 ml of purified water was added and evaporated again. This water wash procedure is necessary to get rid of residual hydrochloric acid, which negatively affects yield and peak separation. To the sample evaporated to dryness, 50 ml of loading buffer (pH 2.2) was added. Before injection into the ion exchange column, the sample was filtered through a 0.2 µm syringe filter or blue ribbon filter paper. As a result of the analysis, 16 amino acids were found, of which 7 a.re essenti.al (valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine) and 9 nonessential (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, histidine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, tyrosine).

scholarly journals Nutraceuticals in food and pharmacy. A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA HELENA SAWICKA ◽  
PARISA ZIARATI ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK ◽  
DOMINIKA SKIBA
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Natural Pigments

The increase in consumer awareness about food and health has led to an increase in the demand for food containing biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants, which can help the human body fight the oxidative stress. Many unconventional or new sources of antioxidants have been discovered, which is a priority not only for food, but also for the pharmaceutical industry. It has been shown that not only raw materials, but also waste from fruit and vegetable processing contains valuable molecules, such as: proteins, essential amino acids, antioxidants, dietary fibers, natural pigments, or aromatic compounds, that can be extracted, purified and modernized in food products or pharmaceuticals with added value. This is the basis of huge potential of not only plant and biotechnology raw materials, but also food waste for the use as a source of antioxidants.  

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