scholarly journals Evaluation of the ecological precability regarding the apple and plum plantations in Olișcani location, Șoldănești district

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1(22)) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Emilian Mocanu ◽  
◽  
Rodica Melnic ◽  
Nicolai Cazmali ◽  
Mihail Fotescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Productivity Potential

The results presented refer to the ecological characteristics of apple and plum orchards in Olişcani, Șoldănești district (Republic of Moldova) in order to create agricultural systems – ecological and economic at zonal, microzonal level to maintain soil quality, environment and high productivity. The aim of the research was to examine the abiotic, biotic, favorability and productivity potential factors of the lands suitable for the cultivation of apple and plum fruit species. Apple and plum orchards have specifi c requirements for climate, relief, soil, etc. They have moderate light requirements: they prefer sunny surfaces, but can also grow in partial shade. The leaves and fruits need more light, which in this way acquires a more intense color. Temperatures for apple development are between 13 and 28°C. In hilly areas, with suffi cient humidity and poor heat, the slopes with southern and southwestern exposure are chosen a better quality of fruit, respectively a high sugar content. On the slopes, the middle third is preferred, avoiding the upper third with eroded soil and strong winds, as well as the lower third with excess air and water currents. In the area of hills with an altitude of 300–350 m, the plantations can be located on slopes with western, eastern or even northern exposure, preferably on the middle and lower third of the slope. In the dry steppe and forest-steppe areas, the slopes with north-western and north-eastern exposure are preferred, the orchards being located at their base or even on the valleys without cold currents. The complexity of the problems includes the research of the natural and real components of the agricultural environment in relation to the climate, relief, rock and soil factors for the foundation of fruit plantations with high productivity and the maintenance of the ecological stability.

scholarly journals Особенности элитных гибридных форм винограда технического направления селекции Анапской зональной опытной станции виноградарства и виноделия

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Ivan Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Практические успехи селекции за последние годы свидетельствуют об имеющемся потенциале повышения продуктивности сортов растений. Однако идеальных сортов нет в производстве. Исходя из этого, в селекции очень важно совместить в одном генотипе высокий потенциал продуктивности с широкой экологической пластичностью, получить сорт для каждой агроэкологической зоны возделывания. В настоящее время существует недостаток в сортименте винограда технического направления использования. Возросший интерес к винному туризму диктует необходимость выращивания аборигенных сортов винограда и сортов местной селекции, их доля в реестре должна возрастать. Всё это определяет основные задачи селекции технических сортов винограда: создание сортов, сочетающих высокое качество продукции и адаптивность к абиотическим и биотическим стрессовым факторам, выведение сортов для выработки оригинальных вин, сортов с высоким уровнем сахаронакопления, сортов раннего срока созревания. Изучение этого вопроса для Анапо-Таманской зоны актуально и представляет большой интерес. В результате научно-исследовательской работы по изучению комплекса хозяйственно ценных селекционных признаков у элитных гибридных форм винограда технического направления среднего и позднего сроков созревания позволило выявить ряд особенностей: - элитная гибридная форма III-59-24 выделяется среди остальных исследуемых форм по среднему урожаю ягод с куста (с учетом относительно небольшого среднего количества плодоносных побегов на кусте) - 8,1 кг, по высоким коэффициентам плодоношения и плодоносности - 1,1; низкой кислотности ягод - 5,7 г/дм; - элитная гибридная форма III-62-24 отличается средней урожайностью с куста - 8,2 кг, по высокому коэффициенту плодоносности - 1,1, высокому содержанию сахаров в соке ягод - 20,1 г/100 см; - элитная гибридная форма K-I-74-1 обладает самыми крупными гроздями, наибольшей урожайностью с одного куста в среднем в сравнении с остальными исследуемыми формами, высокой концентрацией сахаров в ягодах, наибольшими - плодоносностью одного побега и массой грозди. Данные элитные гибридные формы винограда будут изучены и в дальнейшем по вышеперечисленным хозяйственно ценным селекционным, агробиологическим, фенологическим и технологическим признакам.Practical success of breeding in recent years shows the existing potential to increase productivity of plant varieties. However, ideal varieties are something grape and wine growing cannot rely on. With this in mind, it is very important to combine high productivity potential and wide ecological plasticity in one genotype, and to develop varieties for each agro-ecological zone of cultivation. Currently, our grape assortment is in want of wine varieties. A growing interest in wine tourism urges the need to cultivate autochthonous grape varieties and local selections and breedings. The proportion of such varieties in the Register should increase. These considerations determine main tasks of wine grape breeding, including good quality of fruit and processed products in combination with adaptivity to abiotic and biotic stress factors, high sugar accumulation and early ripening time, and the possibility to translate such grapes into original wines. To tackle such tasks is timely and of great interest in the Anapa-Taman zone. Research into a complex of economically valuable traits in new mid to late-ripening elite wine grape hybrid forms was done, and a number of peculiarities were revealed: - elite hybrid form III-59-24 stands out for an average yield per vine (8.1 kg), taking into account a relatively small average number of fruit-bearing shoots, high fruiting and fruitfulness coefficients (1.1), and low acidity of berries (5.7 g/dm); - elite hybrid form III-62-24 has an average yield per vine of 8.2 kg, high fruitfulness coefficient (1.1), and high sugar content of berries (20.1 g/100 cm); - elite hybrid form K-I - 74-1, in comparison to the other study forms, has the largest bunches, the largest average yield per vine, high sugar content of berries, the highest fruitfulness of one shoot, and the highest weight of one bunch. These elite hybrid forms will further be studied for the above economically valuable breeding, agrobiological, phenological and technological traits.

scholarly journals A SHORT REVIEW: PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WINE FROM FIG FRUIT (FICUS CARICA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Annavarapu Venkata Naga Kaumudi Prabha
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Primary Producer ◽  
Air Dehydration ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Fruit Preservation

Fig is one of the oldest fruit species cultivated in the Mediterranean basin, and it can be widespread in warm and dry climates around the world.  Turkey is the primary producer and the tree can bear up to two crops per year which is depending upon the fig type, quality can be differing from season to season. Figs can be eaten fresh, dried, or processed into different types of products. They are low in organic acids and high in sugars so it is sweet-tasting fruit. Their phenolic content is medium and higher in red cultivars which hold high levels of anthocyanins. The total carotenoid in the fig is quite low and mostly concentrated in the fruit's peel when compared with other fruits. Fruit drying is the easiest way of fig fruit preservation. The traditional sun-drying method yields produce with diverse quality. Automated air dehydration has several advantages and makes fruit with high sugar content and high total phenolics. Anthocyanins and carotenoids are lost during the drying process.  The consumption of figs should be encouraged as it contains high beneficial effects and potential healthy alternative for sweets.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ecological Plasticity аnd Stability of Some Promising Varieties of Poplars

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
A.P. Tsarev ◽  
◽  
V.A. Tsarev ◽  
R.P. Tsareva ◽  
N.V. Laur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Growing Conditions

When developing promising assortments of forest woody plants, it is important to take into account not only their growth and survival in some particular environment, but also their respond to change in growing conditions. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the ecological plasticity and stability of some poplar varieties promising for the southeastern part of European Russia and Ukraine using the Eberhart and Russell method. The research was carried out on three testing sites: upland environment of the forest-steppe zone of the Voronezh region; floodplain environment of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region; and floodplain environment of the steppe zone of the Donetsk region. Five promising poplar varieties were identified and studied at each of the experimental sites. The indices of survival, growth in height and diameter, trunk volumes, and productivity by wood stocks and average increments are presented for each variety. Due to the average increments change with age, the ontogeny period from 21 to 30 years was chosen for the study, during which the average survival of poplars varies slightly. It was found that Regenerata, which is characterized by average plasticity and the lowest stability, was the most productive of the studied poplar varieties. It can perform high productivity only in the favorable environment. The poplar variety Pioneer demonstrated the least plasticity. Its productivity did not vary too much with change in growth conditions at average ecological stability. The highest plasticity at average ecological stability was observed in the Vernirubens variety. Average plasticity and stability were observed in poplar E.s.-38. The poplar variety Marilandica was also characterized by average plasticity, and high ecological stability. The research results allow using of the studied varieties more rational in different growing conditions, with regard to their environmental characteristics.

scholarly journals Environmental Problems of Agricultural Land Use in the Samara Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Sergey Zudilin ◽  
Alyona Konakova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Capacities

The zones of ecological trouble cover about 15% of the territory of Russia, where the main production capacities and the most productive agricultural lands are concentrated. The Samara region is characterized by a distinct natural zonality from a typical forest-steppe in the North with a forest cover close to 30%, to an open dry steppe in the South with a natural forest cover of only 0.1...0.2%. The article presents an analysis of land use in the Samara region on the example of the Borsky municipal district. Research methods include environmental analysis and statistical data analysis.The article presents an analysis of the land use of the Borskiy municipal district. During zoning, the territory of the district is divided into the northern, central and southern parts. Assessment of environmental and economic parameters showed heterogeneity of the territory and the need for detailed consideration of climatic, soil, economic conditions in the design of landscape optimization systems, even in the municipal area. In general, the district's land fund experiences an average anthropogenic load, the ecological stability of the territory as a whole is characterized as unstable stable. In comparison with other areas of the Central MES, the municipal Borskiy district belongs to the category with an average ecological intensity with a stabilization index of 0.59 units due to the beneficial influence of the Buzuluksky area.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
M.I. Shtakal ◽  
V.M. Shtakal
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

Harvest Field Sizing as a Technique to Remove Undersize French Prunes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452a-452
Author(s):  
Richard Buchner ◽  
Seeley Mudd ◽  
Bruce Carroll ◽  
Mark Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
High Sugar Content

Overall profitability is a major goal in successful prune production and a major component in any prune management system. Large prune crops in 1996 and 1997 have stimulated considerable interest in undersize fruit. Undersize prunes currently have marginal value and may represent a net loss because of costs to haul, dry, and to market order payments on low value prunes. One technique to control delivery size is to field size at harvest. Field sizing involves installing size-sorting devices on harvesters, which allow small prunes to fall out while valuable fruit is collected. Field sizing is considered a “risky” strategy because of the potential to remove prunes with economic value. During the 1997 harvest, 21 infield harvest sizing evaluations were made in prune orchards throughout Tehama county. The first evaluation occurred on 12 Aug. 1997, at the start of prune harvest. The final evaluation was done on 5 Sept. 1997, at the tail end of harvest. The objective was to sample throughout the harvest period to test field sizing under various sugar, size, and fruit pressure scenarios. The test machine was 1-inch bar sizer. Of the 21 sample dates, undersize fruit was clearly not marketable in 20 of the 21 samples. Discarded fruit averaged 133 dry count per pound. Only one sample out of 21 may have had market value at 86 dry count per pound. Although small in size, these prunes had very high sugar content contributing to their dry weight. In this evaluation, a 1-inch bar sizer did a good job of separating fruit with and without market value under the 1997 price schedule. As harvest date becomes later and soluble solids increase, the chances of sorting out marketable prunes also increases.

scholarly journals The “Zero Miles Product” Concept Applied to Biofuel Production: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Kaae Kirk ◽  
Clara Navarrete ◽  
Jakob Ellegaard Juhl ◽  
José Luis Martínez ◽  
Alessandra Procentese
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
High Sugar Content

To make biofuel production feasible from an economic point of view, several studies have investigated the main associated bottlenecks of the whole production process through approaches such as the “cradle to grave” approach or the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis, being the main constrains the feedstock collection and transport. Whilst several feedstocks are interesting because of their high sugar content, very few of them are available all year around and moreover do not require high transportation’ costs. This work aims to investigate if the “zero miles” concept could bring advantages to biofuel production by decreasing all the associated transport costs on a locally established production platform. In particular, a specific case study applied to the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) campus is used as example to investigate the advantages and feasibility of using the spent coffee grounds generated at the main cafeteria for the production of bioethanol on site, which can be subsequently used to (partially) cover the campus’ energy demands.

Seven-year trends in the availability, sugar content and serve size of single-serve non-alcoholic beverages in New Zealand: 2013–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Teresa Gontijo de Castro ◽  
Helen Eyles ◽  
Cliona Ni Mhurchu ◽  
Leanne Young ◽  
Sally Mackay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
High Sugar Content

Abstract Objective: To assess trends in relative availability, sugar content and serve size of ready-to-drink non-alcoholic beverages available for sale in supermarkets from 2013 to 2019. Design: Repeat cross-sectional surveys. Data on single-serve beverages to be consumed in one sitting were obtained from an updated brand-specific food composition database. Trends in beverages availability and proportions with serve size ≤ 250 ml were assessed by χ2 tests. Sugar content trends were examined using linear regressions. The proportion of beverages exceeding the sugar threshold of the United Kingdom Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) was assessed. Setting: New Zealand. Results: From 2013 to 2019, there was (i) an increase in the availability of sugar-free/low-sugar beverages (n 25 (8·4 %) to n 75 (19·1 %); P < 0·001) and craft sugar-sweetened soft drinks (n 11 (3·7 %) to n 36 (9·2 %); P < 0·001), and a decrease in availability of fruit/vegetable juices/drinks (n 94 (31·8 %) to n 75 (19·4 %); P < 0·001); (ii) small decreases in sugar content (mean g/100 ml) of sugar-sweetened soft drinks (3·03; 95 % CI 3·77, 2·29); fruit/vegetable juices/drinks (1·08; 95 % CI 2·14, 0·01) and energy drinks (0·98; 95 % CI 1·63, 0·32) and (iii) slight reduction in the proportion of beverages with serve size ≤ 250 ml (21·6 to 18·9 %; P < 0·001). In 2019, most beverages were sugar-sweetened or had naturally occurring sugars (79·1 %) and serve size > 250 ml (81·1 %) and most sugar-sweetened beverages exceeded the SDIL lower benchmark (72·9 %). Conclusions: Most single-serve beverages available for sale in 2019 were sugary drinks with high sugar content and large serve sizes; therefore, changes made across the years were not meaningful for population’s health.

Feasibility of utilizing sweet potato solids in extrusion cooking / Extrusión de pulpa de batata

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Khalil ◽  
B.R. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Best Parameter

A fractional factorial design of four variables at two levels each was employed to assess the feasi bility and best parameter for extruding sweet potato solids (SPS) using a single screw extruder. It was determined that a high expansion ratio is a desired quality factor for this type of snack food, due to its contribution to textural perception. Preliminary trials on extrusion of sweet potato solids as the sole component in the feed resulted in brittle, dense, and burnt extrudate. The high sugar content (65% total sugar) of the sweet potato solids was cited as the cause of these attrib utes, consequently it was necessary to incorporate wheat flour into the feed to provide a starch matrix for expansion and to reduce sugar concentration. The controlled parameters were screw speed, barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and SPS level in the feed. Among all possible combinations of controlled parameters, the highest expansion ratio was obtained at a screw speed of 220 rpm, temperature profile of 110, 105, 115 and 105 °C, 13% feed moisture content, 50% sweet potato solids, and 0.5% leavening agent.

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