scholarly journals INSTILLING INDEPENDENCE THROUGH STRUCTURED ENVIRONMENT AMONG INTELLECTUALLY CHALLENGED CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Iqbal, Aen-ul-Huda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Care Giver ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Work Station ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Structured Teaching ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
Independent Work

Intellectually challenged children needs lot of effort to put things together and builds meaning in order to operate well in the environment. Low cognitive abilities becomes restrictive and thus develops either dependency on the care giver or negative behaviors among children. The current study aims to evaluate the fact that whether an effective structured teaching method, based on the components of TEACCH programme for Autism Spectrum Disorder can bring the same sense of independence and positive behaviors, as with children with other intellectually challenged children or not. For this a sample of 23 intellectually challenged children with different intellectual level and diagnoses other than ASD were evaluated on few standard structured components based on TEACCH methodology, on tasks which they have already mastered when presented in practice area i.e. independent work station. The present study indicates that previously students were becoming prompt dependent but after the introduction of structured teaching, they can function well independently. Some other aspects were also being noticed which can open areas of further research.

A Case Study: Unique Challenges of an Adolescent Female With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
Kimberly F. Frazier ◽  
Jessica Collier ◽  
Rachel Glade
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Social Thinking

Background The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of combining self-management strategies and a social thinking approach to address the social performance and executive function of an adolescent female with autism spectrum disorder. Method This research examined the effects of a social knowledge training program, “Think Social,” as well as strategies to improve higher order cognitive abilities. Results and Conclusion Although quantitative improvement was not found, several qualitative gains in behavior were noted for the participants of this study, suggesting a benefit from using structured environmental cues of self-management strategies, as well as improved social understanding through social cognitive training.

scholarly journals Phishing for Long Tails: Examining Organizational Repeat Clickers and Protective Stewards

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402199065
Author(s):  
Matthew Canham ◽  
Clay Posey ◽  
Delainey Strickland ◽  
Michael Constantino
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Computer Abuse ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Phishing Attacks ◽  
Long Tails ◽  
Motivated Behaviors ◽  
External Actors

Organizational cybersecurity efforts depend largely on the employees who reside within organizational walls. These individuals are central to the effectiveness of organizational actions to protect sensitive assets, and research has shown that they can be detrimental (e.g., sabotage and computer abuse) as well as beneficial (e.g., protective motivated behaviors) to their organizations. One major context where employees affect their organizations is phishing via email systems, which is a common attack vector used by external actors to penetrate organizational networks, steal employee credentials, and create other forms of harm. In analyzing the behavior of more than 6,000 employees at a large university in the Southeast United States during 20 mock phishing campaigns over a 19-month period, this research effort makes several contributions. First, employees’ negative behaviors like clicking links and then entering data are evaluated alongside the positive behaviors of reporting the suspected phishing attempts to the proper organizational representatives. The analysis displays evidence of both repeat clicker and repeat reporter phenomena and their frequency and Pareto distributions across the study time frame. Second, we find that employees can be categorized according to one of the four unique clusters with respect to their behavioral responses to phishing attacks—“Gaffes,” “Beacons,” “Spectators,” and “Gushers.” While each of the clusters exhibits some level of phishing failures and reports, significant variation exists among the employee classifications. Our findings are helpful in driving a new and more holistic stream of research in the realm of all forms of employee responses to phishing attacks, and we provide avenues for such future research.

scholarly journals Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Barry Wright ◽  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Hannah Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Spectrum Condition ◽  
The Media

In a special issue that focuses on complex presentations related to Autism, we ask the question in this editorial whether an Autism Spectrum Condition without complexity is a disorder, or whether it represents human diversity? Much research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) over the years has focused on comparisons between neuro-typical people and people with Autism Spectrum Conditions. These comparisons have tended to draw attention to ‘deficits’ in cognitive abilities and descriptions of behaviours that are characterised as unwanted. Not surprisingly, this is reflected in the classification systems from the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. Public opinion about ASC may be influenced by presentations in the media of those with ASC who also have intellectual disability. Given that diagnostic systems are intended to help us better understand conditions in order to seek improved outcomes, we propose a more constructive approach to descriptions that uses more positive language, and balances descriptions of deficits with research finding of strengths and differences. We propose that this will be more helpful to individuals on the Autism Spectrum, both in terms of individual self-view, but also in terms of how society views Autism Spectrum Conditions more positively. Commentary has also been made on guidance that has been adjusted for people with ASC in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of Positive and Negative Socioemotional Behaviors on Remarital Instability

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110428
Author(s):  
Olena Kopystynska ◽  
Kay Bradford ◽  
Brian Higginbotham ◽  
Shawn D. Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Remarried Couples ◽  
Adaptation Model

We examined the trajectories of remarried couples’ ( N = 1161) positive and negative socioemotional behaviors, which reflect the expression of love versus hostility, in relation to remarital instability across the first 3 years of remarriage. The measures of behaviors included both self and partner reports. Guided by the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation model of marriage, we used multi-level modeling framework to test the proposed processes at between- and within-individual levels. Whereas self- and partner-reported positive behaviors predicted less remarital instability, self- and partner-reported negative behaviors predicted greater levels of remarital instability. Individual changes in self- and partner-reported positive behaviors related to less remarital instability and only changes in partner-reported negative behaviors were associated with increased remarital instability. Findings did not vary by gender or remarital profiles. The results provide support for the emergent distress model, suggesting that the path to remarital instability is rooted in gradually increasing negativity. Implications for practitioners are discussed.

Drugs and their impact on the individual and society

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 63-96
Author(s):  
INTISAR SHAHBAZ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Breakdown ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The problem of drug addiction for individuals, especially young people, is one of the most dangerous pests that cause many problems in various health, social and psychological aspects facing every society, but rather the whole world. The phenomenon of drug addiction often leaves individuals with dangerous negative effects on their behavior, whether towards themselves or towards others, and this requires the relevant institutions to strive for important and constructive solutions to reform such individuals, and then rid them of their negative behaviors, rehabilitate them and integrate them into society, to become active and effective individuals through their adoption of positive behaviors that are acceptable in line with the values, customs and traditions of their societies to which they belong. Therefore, our current study came to shed light on the most important effects resulting from the phenomenon of drug addiction among individuals through achieving the two research objectives which seek to know: 1- Causes of addiction to drug use among individuals 2- The effect of drug abuse on society. Upon verifying the two research objectives by relying on the analytical method of literature and previous studies, the two researchers reached the following results: First - The most important causes of youth addiction to drugs are poverty, begging, loss of one or both parents, the presence of a criminal in his family, invalid education and other various phenomena and deviations. Second - The symptoms of drug addiction push the addicted person to adopt deviant behaviors, as well as afflicting the addicted individual to psychological and mental pressures, and then afflicting his family with chronic diseases, in addition to the family breakdown occurring in the homes of drug addicts. Key words: drugs; Drug effect; The individual and society.

scholarly journals Role of Inner Speech on Serial Recall in Children with ASD: A Pilot Study Using the Luria Hand Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shota Mitsuhashi ◽  
Shogo Hirata ◽  
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This study was conducted to investigate the relation between the effect of articulatory suppression on the serial recall and severity of social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Luria hand test (LHT) was administered to evaluate the capacity for serial recall in 13 children with ASD. The LHT was administered under three conditions: control, under articulatory suppression, and under spatial suppression. Performance on the LHT of children with ASD was significantly lower in terms of both articulatory suppression and the spatial suppression condition. Moreover, the severity of social impairment in children with ASD was related to individual differences of effects of articulatory suppression on the LHT, but not with effects of spatial suppression. These results support the notion that dialogic inner speech which mediates complex cognitive abilities has inherently social origins.

Organization of Competence-Based Students' Individual Work of Pedagogical Specialties

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
N. Ualieva ◽  
◽  
A. Zhunusova ◽  
K. Ibraeva ◽  
A. Kuzembaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Flow Of Information

In the modern world of higher educational institutions, the problem of organizing students' independent work is one of the most urgent. The student must have not only knowledge, but also make decisions independently, strive for success in professional activities, apply a creative approach to any business, and raise the intellectual level. That is why the independent work presupposes the development of students' skills to clearly formulate their own thoughts, argue their judgments, think logically, and know the numerous flow of information. The implementation of these skills is possible when organizing a competence-based students' individual work , which affects the professional sphere of future specialists And the construction of a competence-oriented SIW in the form of a model that includes motivational, performance, reflexive, control stages is based on: a) the inherent value of the student; b) the conditionality of the professional orientation of the content of education by future teaching activities; c) c) orientation of professional education towards the individual experience of the student; d) the advanced nature of professional training; e) correlation of the technology of professional training with the patterns of professional becoming of the teacher's personality.

Self-Management of Daily Life Tasks for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512500016p1-7512500016p1
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Munsell ◽  
Wendy Coster ◽  
Gael Orsmond
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Computer Adaptive Test ◽  
Life Tasks ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Intellectual Level

Abstract Date Presented 04/13/21 The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Computer Adaptive Test-ASD (PEDI): Responsibility Scale targets limitations in managing daily life tasks. Adolescents (ages 14–22) with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability (N = 125) performed below expectations based on their intellectual level on the PEDI. Eighty-six percent of youth demonstrated borderline or significant delays in management of life tasks. If unaddressed, this challenge may create significant barriers to success in work and independent living. Primary Author and Speaker: Elizabeth Munsell Additional Authors and Speakers: Joshua Wenig, Hannah Cooper Contributing Authors: Alexandra Gunther, Julie Russell, Jordan McNamee, and Samantha Martel

scholarly journals Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome: A Unique Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tan ◽  
Kimberly Goodspeed ◽  
Veronica Bordes Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Independent Ambulation ◽  
Present Case Study

AbstractObjectives: Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by insufficient expression of the TCF4 gene. Most cases are characterized by severe intellectual disability, absent speech, motor delays, and autism spectrum disorder. Many have abnormal brain imaging, dysmorphic facial features, and medical comorbidities: myopia, constipation, epilepsy, and apneic spells. The present case study expands existing understanding of this disorder by presenting a unique phenotype with higher cognitive abilities and fewer medical comorbidities. Methods: The present case study reports on a 13-year-old, Caucasian male with a recent diagnosis of PTHS following genetic testing (i.e., whole exome sequencing). He was referred for a neuropsychological evaluation to document his neurocognitive functioning to assist with intervention planning. Results: Evaluation of intellectual, attention/executive, memory, visual-motor/fine-motor, academic, adaptive, and emotional/behavioral functioning revealed global impairment across all areas of functioning. However, he demonstrated abilities beyond what has been detailed in the literature, including use of full sentences, capacity to learn and solve novel problems, basic academic functioning, and independent ambulation. Conclusions: Children with PTHS may demonstrate a spectrum of abilities beyond what has been documented in the literature thus far. Failure to recognize this spectrum can result in late identification of an accurate diagnosis. (JINS, 2018, 24, 995–1002)

Development of Lying and Cognitive Abilities

2018 ◽  
pp. 398-407
Author(s):  
Victoria Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

The emergence and development of children’s lie-telling is closely associated with their developing cognitive abilities. Telling a lie involves complicated cognitive functions including theory-of-mind understanding and executive functioning abilities. Recent research has found that lie-telling emerges in the preschool years and children’s abilities to maintain their lies improves with age. The current chapter reviews existing literature on the development of children’s lie-telling behavior and its relation to various aspects of children’s cognitive development. It covers the work of Lewis, Stanger, and Sullivan (1989), including the well-known guessing-game experiment, where the child is left alone with temptation and the instruction not to peek. Much of Talwar, Lee, et al.’s research into three-to-seven-year-old children’s lie-telling behavior is covered; and the interaction between these studies and Theory of Mind is emphasized; this is illuminated in the account of research using child subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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