scholarly journals On derivatives

enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Makharoblidze
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Lexical Content ◽  
Inflectional Affixes

The question of derivates has been repeatedly raised in the teaching processes of language grammar and general linguistics. This circumstance became the basis for creating this short article. It is well known that a word-form can be changeable or unchangeable, and this fact is determined by the parts of speech. Form-changing words can undergo two types of change: inflectional and derivative. During the inflectional change, the form of the word changes, but the lexical and semantic aspects of the word do not change, i.e. its semantic and content data do not change. A classic example of this type of change is flexion of nouns.Derivation is the formation of a word from another word by the addition of non-inflectional affixes. Derivation can be of two types. The first is lexical derivation, in which the derivative affix produces a word with a different lexical content. A word-form can be another part of speech or the same part of speech but with a different lexical content. The second type of derivation is, first of all, grammatical derivation, when grammatical categories are produced. The grammatical category in general (and a word-form in general as well) includes the unity of morphological and semantical aspects. There is no separate semantics without morphology. Any semantic category and/or content must be conveyed in a specific form, so only a specific form has a specific morphosemantics, which can be produced by the grammatical derivatives. The main difference between the two types of derivation mentioned above (and therefore between the two types of derivatives) is the levels of the language hierarchy. The first type of affixes works at the lexical level of the language, while the second type derivatives produce forms at the morphological and semantic levels. The second type derivatives are inter-level affixes, because they act on two hierarchical levels. Any grammatical category includes specific morphosemantic oppositional forms. Thus, unlike inflectional affixes, the rest of the morphological affixes are all other types of inter-level derivatives. It should be noted that the preverb in Kartvelian languages ​​is the only linguistic unit with all possible functions of affix. DOWNLOADS

Identification and Transformation of Terminal Morphemes in Medical English

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Pratt ◽  
M. Pacak
Keyword(s):  
Word Form ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Morphological Segmentation ◽  
Medical English ◽  
Nominal Form ◽  
Admissible Path ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Given ◽  
Admissible Sequences

The system for the identification and subsequent transformation of terminal morphemes in medical English is a part of the information system for processing pathology data which was developed at the National Institutes of Health.The recognition and transformation of terminal morphemes is restricted to classes of adjectivals including the -ING and -ED forms, nominals and homographic adjective/noun forms.The adjective-to-noun and noun-to-noun transforms consist basically of a set of substitutions of adjectival and certain nominal suffixes by a set of suffixes which indicate the corresponding nominal form(s).The adjectival/nominal suffix has a polymorphosyntactic transformational function if it has the property of being transformed into more than one nominalizing suffix (e.g., the adjectival suffix -IC can be substituted by a set of nominalizing suffixes -Ø, -A, -E, -Y, -IS, -IA, -ICS): the adjectival suffix has a monomorphosyntactic transformational property if there is only one admissible transform (e.g., -CIC → -X).The morphological segmentation and the subsequent transformations are based on the following principles:a. The word form is segmented according to the principle of »double consonant cut,« i.e., terminal characters following the last set of double consonants are analyzed and treated as a potential suffix. For practical purposes only such terminal suffixes of a maximum length of four have been analyzed.b. The principle that the largest segment of a word form common to both adjective and noun or to both noun stems is retained as a word base for transformational operations, and the non-identical segment is considered to be a »suffix.«The backward right-to-left character search is initiated by the identification of the terminal grapheme of the given word form and is extended to certain admissible sequences of immediately preceding graphemes.The nodes which represent fixed sequences of graphemes are labeled according to their recognition and/or transformation properties.The tree nodes are divided into two groups:a. productive or activatedb. non-productive or non-activatedThe productive (activated) nodes are sequences of sets of graphemes which possess certain properties, such as the indication about part-of-speech class membership, the transformation properties, or both. The non-productive (non-activated) nodes have the function of connectors, i.e., they specify the admissible path to the productive nodes.The computer program for the identification and transformation of the terminal morphemes is open-ended and is already operational. It will be extended to other sub-fields of medicine in the near future.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Yabing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.

scholarly journals Methodological Foundations of the Problem of Parts of Speech in Linguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Sayidmahamadzhanovna Saiidyrakhimova Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
General Linguistics

Morphology is directly different from other levels of the language. This is due to the fact that word groups and their specific grammatical categories are the most important issues in the formation of speech. Therefore, the morphological units of the language have been of interest to linguists from the very beginning of linguistics, and even now the study of issues related to the problems of morphology, as well as extensive scientific analysis in the morphological aspect, continues on the basis of new paradigms of the language. Given this, this article is devoted to the study of parts of speech in linguistics, which is one of the most pressing problems of modern general linguistics. It examines the extralinguistic and intralinguistic foundations of the formation of adverbs in the languages ​​we study. When studying and analyzing these issues, we used methods of comparison, description, as well as thematic analysis.

Unsupervised learning of part-of-speech guessing rules

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREI MIKHEEV
Keyword(s):  
Training Data ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
Induction Experiment ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
The Impact

Words unknown to the lexicon present a substantial problem to part-of-speech tagging. In this paper we present a technique for fully unsupervised acquisition of rules which guess possible parts of speech for unknown words. This technique does not require specially prepared training data, and uses instead the lexicon supplied with a tagger and word frequencies collected from a raw corpus. Three complimentary sets of word-guessing rules are statistically induced: prefix morphological rules, suffix morphological rules and ending guessing rules. The acquisition process is strongly associated with guessing-rule evaluation methodology which is solely dedicated to the performance of part-of-speech guessers. Using the proposed technique a guessing-rule induction experiment was performed on the Brown Corpus data and rule-sets, with a highly competitive performance, were produced and compared with the state-of-the-art. To evaluate the impact of the word-guessing component on the overall tagging performance, it was integrated into a stochastic and a rule-based tagger and applied to texts with unknown words.

DEFINITION OF GRAMMATICAL STATUS PARTICIPATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vasilievna Artamonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Hybrid Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Problematic Aspect

Communion as part of speech occupies a special place in the structure of the Russian language, since it represents a problematic aspect of grammar. Already when determining the grammatical status of participle, the first difficulties appear, which is associated with hybrid features of participle, since it combines the features of two independent parts of speech - the adjective and the verb. The works of linguists describe different approaches to determining the status of communion. At present, it is possible to state the existence in Russian grammar of several points of view on the definition of the nature of communion.

The dynamic processes in the parts of speech in the contemporary Russian language

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
N. A. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Verbal Nouns ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts

This article examines dynamic morphological processes – the transformation of the parts of speech (namely, attributive verbal forms and verbal nouns), as well as the syncretic cases of zero derivation on the example of young people’s speech. The author has employed the traditional complex method of analyzing the language material, which in turn has used the system of instrumental operations (synonymous rephrasing, downsizing, and opposition method; the latter allows examining the system connections of a word and their influence on the semantics of a word form), oriented towards developing the categorial value; the logico-syntactic and syntagmatic methods aided in determining the grammatical signs of language units. Using as an example the youth jargon, represented in the Dictionary of Colloquial Speech of the City of Arkhangelsk, this article shows the mechanism for transpositioning different word groups into interjections, where several lexem subgroups of the syncretic type function; in addition, the author identifies the basic directions for the different parts of speech transitioning turning into the evaluative vocabulary.

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous? Insights into Signposts in Learners’ Dictionaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-457
Author(s):  
Anna Dziemianko
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Part Of Speech

Abstract The current study tests empirically whether linguistically homogeneous or heterogeneous signposts better serve dictionary users. It aims to determine which signposts, homogeneous or heterogeneous, are more beneficial to sense identification, language reception, and production as well as immediate and delayed retention of meaning. The paper also investigates whether the usefulness of the type of signposting is dependent on the grammatical category of headwords. The results indicate that entries with heterogeneous signposts are significantly more useful for sense identification and reception. In production, the results obtained after reference to entries with homogeneous and heterogeneous signposts were comparable. Immediate and delayed retention was significantly better when the subjects had consulted entries with homogeneous signposts. The influence of signpost type on the scores for any task was not dependent on the part of speech.

scholarly journals History of the Study of Imitative in General Linguistics

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
D. Akmatova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
New Words ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Special Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
General Linguistics

The history of the origin of imitative has ancient roots. People have been interested in imitations since ancient times. Not only linguists, but also even philosophers, psychologists, to one degree or another at different times, have addressed the problem of sound visualization. Imitative vocabulary helps to increase the imagery and emotional expressiveness of the word. However, due to its complex nature, for some time, linguists of various languages did not conduct serious research on the linguistic functions of imitative words. However, they are often found in oral folk art and fiction, giving these texts artistic and poetic meaning, expressiveness, imagery, artistic power and accessibility, liveliness and dynamism, all this has led, now, to the fact that linguists began to pay close attention the study of this unusual group of words. Тhey are divided into types, separated into a special part of speech, they are used in the formation of new words, they act as members of a sentence.

scholarly journals A Part-of-Speech Tagset for Morphosyntactic Tagging of Amharic

Aethiopica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Krzyżanowska
Keyword(s):  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Starting Point

The aim of the article is to propose a tagset for the morposyntactic tagging of Amharic and to discuss those issues which may seem problematic. The tagset contains forty-seven tags grouped into twelve parts of speech. It is hoped that it provides a starting point for more exhaustive guidelines for prospective annotators.

scholarly journals The origins of theoretical comprehension of adjective as a part of speech

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Zera Asanova
Keyword(s):  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Past ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
Descriptive Method

The subject of this article is the examination theoretical approaches towards studying adjective as a part of speech, since the description of this lexical and grammatical group in the Crimean Tatar linguistics is incomplete. The aim goal consists in tracing the origins of theoretical comprehension of adjective as an independent part of speech. This linguistic research is based on the descriptive method. Methodological framework is comprised of the fundamental writing of prominent scholars: O. Jespersen, A. Potebnja, V. V. Vinogradov, A. M. Shcherbak, D. N. Shmelyov, and others. As a result, it was determined that the the word is attributed to a particular part of speech is in accordance with the scripted rules introduced by the linguists in the past. Languages and methods of their research have undergone significant changes. Accentuation of adjective among the parts of speech was related to the logical separation of the characteristic of thing from itself, on the level of understanding self-sufficiency of the characteristic as an empirical phenomenon, and the existence of special adjective words as names of quality. The acquired results and materials can be applied in basic and specialized educational courses on theoretical and practical grammar of the modern Crimean Tatar language in the section of “Morphology”.

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