scholarly journals PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF WATERS, POLLUTED WITH PHENOLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Marharyta Radomska ◽  
Alina Husieva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Industrial Condition ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Modification Of Titanium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The analysis of the environmental and human health threats imposed by phenols was conducted to show the need for further improvement of methods of their destruction. Being toxic in their initial composition and precursor to toxic metabolites in human body, phenols should be controlled in natural water and waste waters. They are listed as priority pollutants in most national regulation around the world and are the initial compounds for the formation of persistent organic pollutants in the environment, polluted with other active radicals. A variety of physical and chemical methods were offered for the destructive or non-destructive removal of phenols and their derivatives from water. The comparative study of possible methods, described in research papers, was conducted in terms of their efficiency and complexity to define benefits and drawbacks. The analysis showed the need for development of low energy consuming method, which needs minimal equipment and can be run under industrial condition for phenol contaminated wastewaters. Among the possible methods which meet the mentioned criteria photocatalytic destruction of phenols was showed to be perspective. A series of experiments was conducted using a range of water solution of phenol and different dosage of catalysts. The catalysts used in experiments were made of 6 modification of titanium oxide and bismuth ferrite. The initial and residual concentration of phenol was controlled by the means of high-performance liquid chromatography. The duration of the exposure and the type of light were other independent variables. The results of the whole sequence of experiments demonstrated higher efficiency of rutile under visible light and one hour of exposure. The tested photocatalytic system is simple and therefore technically and economically feasible.

What Can Digitization Do For Formulated Product Innovation and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McDonagh ◽  
William Swope ◽  
Richard L. Anderson ◽  
Michael Johnston ◽  
David J. Bray
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chemical Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Digitization offers significant opportunities for the formulated product industry to transform the way it works and develop new methods of business. R&D is one area of operation that is challenging to take advantage of these technologies due to its high level of domain specialisation and creativity but the benefits could be significant. Recent developments of base level technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), robotics and high performance computing (HPC), to name a few, present disruptive and transformative technologies which could offer new insights, discovery methods and enhanced chemical control when combined in a digital ecosystem of connectivity, distributive services and decentralisation. At the fundamental level, research in these technologies has shown that new physical and chemical insights can be gained, which in turn can augment experimental R&D approaches through physics-based chemical simulation, data driven models and hybrid approaches. In all of these cases, high quality data is required to build and validate models in addition to the skills and expertise to exploit such methods. In this article we give an overview of some of the digital technology demonstrators we have developed for formulated product R&D. We discuss the challenges in building and deploying these demonstrators.<br>

High-Performance Natural Rubber/Graphene Composites from a Uniquely Designed Physical and Chemical Hybrid-Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
B.-L. Yu ◽  
L.-C. Jiang ◽  
K. Huang ◽  
X.-L. Liu ◽  
X.-M. Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Performance Analysis of Various Multipliers Using 8T-full Adder with 180nm Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-870
Author(s):  
Sai Venkatramana Prasada G.S ◽  
G. Seshikala ◽  
S. Niranjana
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Fundamental Operation ◽  
Wallace Tree ◽  
Power Delay Product ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Wallace Tree Multiplier

Background: This paper presents the comparative study of power dissipation, delay and power delay product (PDP) of different full adders and multiplier designs. Methods: Full adder is the fundamental operation for any processors, DSP architectures and VLSI systems. Here ten different full adder structures were analyzed for their best performance using a Mentor Graphics tool with 180nm technology. Results: From the analysis result high performance full adder is extracted for further higher level designs. 8T full adder exhibits high speed, low power delay and low power delay product and hence it is considered to construct four different multiplier designs, such as Array multiplier, Baugh Wooley multiplier, Braun multiplier and Wallace Tree multiplier. These different structures of multipliers were designed using 8T full adder and simulated using Mentor Graphics tool in a constant W/L aspect ratio. Conclusion: From the analysis, it is concluded that Wallace Tree multiplier is the high speed multiplier but dissipates comparatively high power. Baugh Wooley multiplier dissipates less power but exhibits more time delay and low PDP.

scholarly journals Changes in Optical Properties upon Dye–Clay Interaction: Experimental Evaluation and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Giorgia Giovannini ◽  
René M. Rossi ◽  
Luciano F. Boesel
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Electrostatic Interaction ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Photochemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

The development of hybrid materials with unique optical properties has been a challenge for the creation of high-performance composites. The improved photophysical and photochemical properties observed when fluorophores interact with clay minerals, as well as the accessibility and easy handling of such natural materials, make these nanocomposites attractive for designing novel optical hybrid materials. Here, we present a method of promoting this interaction by conjugating dyes with chitosan. The fluorescent properties of conjugated dye–montmorillonite (MMT) hybrids were similar to those of free dye–MMT hybrids. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the changes in optical properties of the dye interacting with clay and its structure and defined the physical and chemical mechanisms that take place upon dye–MMT interactions leading to the optical changes. Conjugation to chitosan additionally ensures stable adsorption on clay nanoplatelets due to the strong electrostatic interaction between chitosan and clay. This work thus provides a method to facilitate the design of solid-state hybrid nanomaterials relevant for potential applications in bioimaging, sensing and optical purposes.

scholarly journals Minimization of the Thermal Impact in the Laser Welding of Dissimilar Stainless Steels

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Cordovilla ◽  
Alejandro Tur ◽  
Ángel García-Beltrán ◽  
Marcos Diaz ◽  
Ignacio Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Thermal Impact ◽  
Welding Regime ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Laser welding of dissimilar stainless steels is of interest when mechanical, corrosion, or esthetical requirements impose the use of a high-performance stainless steels, while production-cost requirements prevent using expensive materials in all the parts of a given device. The compromise may lead to the use of the most expensive material in critical areas and the cheapest one in the remaining. Their union can be materialized by laser-pulsed welding. It has intrinsic difficulties derived from the different physical and chemical properties of the steels, and from the need of preserving the protective passive layer. The present work achieves a welded joint with minimum thermal impact by means of laser pulses, capable of preserving the corrosion resistance of the involved stainless steels. The influence of the parameters to define static and dynamic pulses on the material and on the welding regime, keyhole, or heat conduction, is studied. It is used to calculate the overlapping factor of the pulses on the basis of the real dimensions of the melted area. A continuous joint has been built with dynamic pulses. The corrosion resistance of it has been checked showing a similar behavior to the non-heated material. The microstructure of the optimized joint is associated with a reduced HAZ while its mechanical behavior is suitable for its real application.

scholarly journals Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul С. Uzoma ◽  
Huan Hu ◽  
Mahdi Khadem ◽  
Oleksiy V. Penkov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Frictional Coefficients ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The exfoliation of graphene has opened a new frontier in material science with a focus on 2D materials. The unique thermal, physical and chemical properties of these materials have made them one of the choicest candidates in novel mechanical and nano-electronic devices. Notably, 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, WS2, h-BN, and Black Phosphorus have shown outstanding lowest frictional coefficients and wear rates, making them attractive materials for high-performance nano-lubricants and lubricating applications. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the tribological potentials of 2D materials. At first, the essential physical, wear, and frictional characteristics of the 2D materials including their production techniques are discussed. Subsequently, the experimental explorations and theoretical simulations of the most common 2D materials are reviewed in regards to their tribological applications such as their use as solid lubricants and surface lubricant nano-additives. The effects of micro/nano textures on friction behavior are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges in tribological applications of 2D materials and their prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Stability of 5 mg/mL Pediatric Prednisone Oral Suspension in Syrspend® SF PH4

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Claire Bonnaure ◽  
Romain Bellay ◽  
Pauline Rault ◽  
Marie-Antoinette Lester ◽  
Pierre-Nicolas Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Stability Indicating Method ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Background Prednisone is a corticosteroid used in several inflammatory diseases and cancers. In France, no available prednisone drinkable formulation exists. Instead, an oral syrup of prednisone with ethanol, sodium benzoate and simple syrup is produced. However, sodium benzoate can induce neonatal icterus and alcohol is not authorized for children below 3 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine the stability of 5 mg/mL prednisone oral suspension in a commercial compounding excipient: Syrspend® SF PH4. Methods Three batches of oral suspensions were prepared, using micronized prednisone and Syrspend® SF PH4. They were packaged in amber glass vials and stored at room temperature. On day 0, 1, 4, 10, 30, 60 and 90, we observed physical and chemical stability (pH measurement, osmolality measurement, residual concentrations of prednisone and degradation product identification). A stability indicating method was developed using high performance liquid chromatography with Ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Results Prednisone concentrations remained stable within ± 5 % of nominal values for 60 days. No degradation product and change of physicochemical properties were detected. Conclusion This study showed that 5 mg/mL prednisone oral suspension in Syrspend® SF PH4 is stable for 60 days, at room temperature and protected from light.

AMPHOTERICIN B TOPICAL EXTEMPORANEOUS PREPARATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NON-DERMATOPHYTIC ONYCHOMYCOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
KOMESMUNEEBORIRAK PHOJANA ◽  
WERAWATGANONE PORNPEN ◽  
MUANGSIRI WALAISIRI
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Injection Product

Objective: At present, the nail preparation to cure onychomycosis, caused by non-dermatophyte molds, is not commercially available in Thailand. The physical and chemical stability of amphotericin B (AmB) extemporaneous preparations in the presence of 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and their in vitro nail permeation was evaluated. Methods: AmB extemporaneous preparations in the presence of 30% DMSO were prepared from a commercial sterile injection product, and cream or hydrophilic ointment. Physical stability was tested at 30°C for 2 months, or using 6 heating-cooling cycles. The chemical stability and in vitro nail permeation of AmB content were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro nail permeation was performed by applying 3.5 mg/mm2 of the tested formulation on nail clippings for 5 consecutive days. Results: The AmB cream and ointment extemporaneous preparations containing 30% DMSO, a permeation enhancer, were homogeneous and pale yellow to yellow cream or ointment. The AmB ointment was stable for up to 60 days. The ointment preparation allows in vitro penetration through nails up to 14.17 μg/cm2. The ointment preparation allows significantly better penetration through than the cream preparation due to the presence of DMSO, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and water in the ointment preparation. Conclusion: The AmB extemporaneous ointment was successfully compounded from a commercial sterile injection product with a beyond-use date of 60 days. The ointment preparation is currently under further investigation for in vivo efficacy.

Eco-Friendly On-Site Water Analyses for Ultra-Trace Harmful Ions

2017 ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
Yukiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ultra Trace ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Analytical Time

Governments in developed countries specify water quality standards to be applied in their own countries. Recently the allowance values of harmful metals are getting tighter for environmental water and industrial wastewater throughout the world. For example, World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the criterion value of 3 ppb for cadmium for protection of human health, furthermore, governments of some countries provide the wastewater standard for zinc for conservation of aquatic life. High-performance analytical instruments such as AAS, ICP, and ICP-MS have been employed as official analytical methods of ultra-trace elements. Besides the costly initial and running expenses and the material and energy consuming of the instruments, specific technical skills and long analytical time are required for sample pre-treatment. Therefore, simple yet highly sensitive and eco-friendly on-site methods have been demanded for quick judgment of industrial and environmental water in developed countries as well as evaluation of drinking water in developing countries.

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