scholarly journals The Ideology of Economic Development And Its Impact on Policy Process

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (0) ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Chung-Kil Chung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Political System ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The Government

As one of a series of studies on dominant political ideologies and their impact on Korean policy process, this paper deals with the ideology of economic development which has overwhelmingly dominated Korean policy process in the 1960's and 1970's. The paper identifies some impacts of the ideology on non-economic policies such as environmental, welfare and labor policies. The government tried very hard to contain any anti-developmental movement in these policies. Slightly different impacts are discerned in the case of economic policy process. Technocratic, secretive and speedy decision making, coercive implementation and overemphasis on visible and quantifiable performance criteria are all due, at least partly, to this ideology. All these impacts intensified the already-prevalent phenomenon of "Government-Leads-People-Follow", resulting in the exclusion of people from the policy process. Moreover, they also strengthened the centralization of the already over-centralized Korean political system. They intensified the concentration of power in the executive branch vis-a-vis its legislative counterpart. This paper indicates the necessity for similar studies which will deal with the brighter side of the economic development ideology and its interaction with the ideology of national security. The destiny of these two ideologies will largely determine the future of democratic policy process in Korea: An important theme for another study.

Explaining Budgetary Trends in Military Regimes

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Gil Shidlo
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Conventional Literature ◽  
The Military ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Western Democracies

The conventional literature on the military generally believes that military, non-competitive regimes have a tendency to spend more for national-security purposes and less on welfare provision. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why do Argentina and Brazil, military non-competitive regimes, have tendencies similar to those of Western democracies where the state’s economic expansion extends beyond that required by strictly economic considerations? In contrast to the rational-comprehensive or ‘technocratic’ model which is often assumed to predominate in bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes an analysis of social and economic policies in Brazil and Argentina highlights the essentially political nature of the policy process in non-democratic regimes.

Government Rulemaking as a Brake on Perestroika

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Huskey
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Political System ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Government

The Soviet political system is made up of three major institutions: the Communist Party, the parliament, and the government. Whereas the first two have changed dramatically under perestroika, the government has continued to function in more traditional ways. Most worrying to reformists, the government–the Soviet Union's “executive branch”–has used its broad rulemaking authority to impede the transformation of Soviet politics and society. This essay examines the role of governmental rules in the Soviet political and legal system. It concludes, following the lead of Soviet reformists, that without a fundamental restructuring of government making authority, legal, political, and economic reform in the Soviet Union cannot be institutionalized.

scholarly journals The Business Environment and Problems of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kosovo

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
MSc. Muhamet Hashani ◽  
Dr.Sc. Myrvete Badivuku-Pantina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Business Survey ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises

A good business environment means a catalyst for small and medium enterprises, a good business environment facilitates development and sustainability of small and medium enterprises. The development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) is very important to the economic development of a country, and intentionally, MSMEs are considered to be amongst the most efficient instruments for economies in transition, because of their production of sustainable economic growth, employment and poverty reduction.Small and medium enterprises are a generator of new products and technologies; they are are a source of new ideas and advanced strategies of management. Development and sustainability of small and medium enterprises depends on the business environment, which implies a series of social, legal, economic, political or institutional conditions, which are uncontrollable in nature, and affect the organizations’ functions.This study addresses the baseline documents which were taken into consideration by the Government of the Republic of Kosovo in developing economic policies, thereby analysing their advantages and disadvantages. By analysing reports, statistics on MSMEs and other documents, and further complementing the study by a research section (business survey), this paper aims at identifying the key problems faced by the MSMEs in Kosovo, and provide adequate recommendations which may be of service in resolving such problems, but also resulting into a better business environment, and economic development in general.

scholarly journals Sustainable Local Economic Development in Tanzania: Exploring Economic Challenges in Growing the Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihula P. Bishagazi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
The Government

The failure of macro-economic policies to deliver meaningful reductions in poverty and achieve basic needs in Tanzania has provoked a deep questioning of the relevance of economic growth center policies in Local Economic Development (LED). The government and development partners are increasingly shifting from the traditional top down approaches to the all-inclusive bottom up approaches for effective local development. The concept of sustainable Local Economic Development is thus examined in the context of economic activities and challenges using a case study of Shinyanga region in Tanzania. 

Russian Economy against a Background of Global Crisis: Current Trends and Prospects of Development

2009 ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akindinova ◽  
V. Mironov ◽  
M. Petronevich ◽  
S. Pukhov ◽  
S. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Economic Development

Overall overview of current economic situation in Russia and in the world and possible scenarios of future economic development are presented in the paper. The analysis of GDP slowdown factors shows that the fall in excess inventories, accumulated in 2007—2008, accounts for more than 2/3 of GDP reduction in Russia. It is noted that instruments used by the government are weakening each other and do not allow to achieve internal and external equilibrium simultaneously in the future. Two possible anti-crisis economic policies (which are also behind the differences in two scenarios) are considered — countercyclical and anti inflation ones, their advantages and drawbacks are examined. The conclusion is made that countercyclical policy is now more favorable, which seems also to be a government choice. Nevertheless, anti-inflation policy directed to shrink monopolies power is necessary in both scenarios.

scholarly journals Restructuring and National Security for Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Davis Efeurhobo ◽  
Christmas Fredrick
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Egalitarian Society ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Many

The paper examined Restructuring and National Security to ascertain how this could possibly enhance and sustain a better nation amidst the many crises that have endangered the unity of our peaceful coexistence. It is imperative to acknowledge that the unending squabbles and schisms threatening the peaceful coexistence of the Nigerian-state is traceable to improper restructuring of the political system. The paper which relied on secondary sources of data submits that addressing issues of ineffective representation, non-inclusion of persons of different segments, religious intolerance among others would help to promote National Security. The paper therefore argues that issues that are capable of triggering crisis and destroying the National Security, should be tackled adequately in order to have an orderly society devoid of rancour and endless acrimony. The conclusion of the paper was anchored on genuine restructuring with proper recommendations that would help promote an organized and egalitarian society. Keywords: Restructuring, National Security, Peaceful Co-existence, Development

POTRET POLITIK PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KAMPUNG MAREDAN 2014-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Khairul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Development Politics ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

This study aims to describe the economic development of Maredan kampong 2014-2016. Thisresearch uses R.William Liddle (2004) conceptualization that is “Restricted Pluralism”. Thispolitical analysis is included in the pluralist paradigm of modern political economy. In thisanalysis, research attempts to answer the main questions, such as whether Maredan villageeconomic development politics? This question is answered by identifying: (1) What are thepreference and preferences of building a penghulu? What is the position of the actor in thevillage development policy process? The results of this study revealed that The choice ofMaredan village development policy is determined by the actions of the village heads andinstitutions in linking the market and the will of the government as a manifestation of theinherent authority. The ability to “reconcile” these two interests is the current policy of villagedevelopment in Maredan. There are many issues of governance and village development Thatappear on the surface. But the most prominent political color of economic development inMaredan is the economic factor that affects Maredan society.

Political Economy of Turkey since the End of World War II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political System ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Actors

This chapter examines the interaction between economic growth, the leading social actors, the state, and the global economic system in Turkey. The country’s long-term record in economic growth and human development has been close to world averages and a little above developing country averages. Turkey has experienced serious difficulties in establishing a pluralistic, open, and stable political system since 1950. While class cleavages have always mattered, equally important have been identity cleavages at both the societal and elite levels, most importantly between secularists and Islamists and between Turkish and Kurdish nationalists. These cleavages had negative consequences for state capacity and its ability to implement rules-based economic policies. The recurring tensions between the competing elites, the mixed outcomes associated with state interventionism, and the periods of political instability have made it difficult to attain a stronger record of economic development.

scholarly journals The system of government and the opposition in Poland after the 2015 parliamentary elections

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-237
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Machelski
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
The Political ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The Government ◽  
Veto Points ◽  
The Right

The category of the system of government in Poland requires reference to ‘the governance style’ of the right, and to the tendency that has appeared in international politics in recent years to call it populist nationalism. The objective of this paper is to show that in the case of Poland after 2015, the thesis of the retreat of democracy has no factual grounds, and it can be countered through the use of evidence. The system of government in Poland after the Law and Justice party came to power cannot be described as a contradiction to democracy. Citizens are not being manipulated and deceived. They are aware of the content of decisions made by the executive branch. The opposition is able to act freely, and it is supported by independent private media. There are many veto points in the political system. The government can count on public support that is stronger than that of the governments from the period before 2015.

CHANGE IN THE ITALIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT: BUDGET BALANCING MAY ALSO JUSTIFY AN ILLEGITIMATE RECALCULATION OF PENSIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
European System ◽  
Balanced Budget ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Eu

With the decision of October 25, 2017, in Italy the Constitutional Court has finally ruled that the needs of public finance can prevail over the rights of pensioners until an unlawful block of pension revaluation has been remedied. With the introduction of the principle of a balanced budget into the Constitution (art. 81), the foundations are laid to begin to tailor labor policies to the needs of economic and financial elite. The principle is rooted in European legislation that both the EU institutions and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) are committed to pursue exclusively the objective of price stability (and therefore, as a matter of priority, of a given political system). Only once, without prejudice to this objective, can you pursue the general policies of the Union (such as employment and wage policies). With a balanced budget - constitutionalised in 2012 - the government wanted to experiment - among other things - to what extent it can block the revaluation of pensions and state seniority benefits. At first, the Constitutional Court, in ruling no. 70/2015, ruled against the government and sentenced it to return the sums to retirees inclusive of the revaluation in 2013. In that case, the consultation has considered the constitutional principles of proportionality and adequacy of the pension (art. 36 and 38 Cost.) as taking precedent over a balanced budget (art. 81). The Government reacted: a) returning to pensioners only 2 of the 17 billion Euro taken unlawfully (by means of the so-called Poletti decree); b) sensitizing the Court on finance issues with a bill to highlight the economic consequences of the decisions of the judges in the drafting of judgements and attributing to the government the same decision regarding the manner and timing of implementation of the judicial decisions that generate financial charges onto the government coffers. Perhaps, partly as a result of this moral suasion, the consultative panel has reformulated its approach and, after a few months, the sentence no. 178/2015 formally "condemned" the Government to return to the system of seniority benefits, not from 2013 (ex tunc), but only for the future (ex nunc). The new jurisprudence of the Court has meant that - as the government desired - the principle of the requirements of a balanced budget (art. 81) outweigh the policies that protect workers (Art. 39), resulting in (huge) savings for the government at a figure that is around 35 billion Euro. Finally, with the decision of 25 October 2017, the Court considered the payment of the Poletti bonus sufficient, allowing the government to save about 80% of the subtracted revaluations.

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