scholarly journals PATTERN OF DENTAL OCCLUSION IN A POPULATION OF URHOBO SUBJECTS IN ABRAKA, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
E. Anibor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Gender Variation ◽  
The Social

The closing order of superior and inferior teeth whilst chewing or at relaxation is termed dental occlusion. Literature exploration divulged want of information on dental occlusion among the Urhobos in Delta State, Nigeria. The endeavour of this work was to consider varied dental occlusion patterns and explore gender variation in dental occlusion patterns amongst the Urhobo tribal cluster in Abraka, Nigeria. Totality of 384 citizens (200 females and 184 males) who were within 15-30 years age set were engaged in this inquisition. The gender gap is a depiction of the male/female scattering in the appraised populace. Records on dental occlusion patterns were composed by having the subjects’ bite, gulp saliva, occlude and open their mouths.  The connexion of the upper and lower teeth was labelled as mild overbite, edge to edge bite, negative bite or severe overbite as specified by Eveleth in 1972.  Inferential statistics were explored using chi-square by means of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23 and significance level were determined by p < .05. The dental occlusion patterns observed were mild overbite 168 (43.4%), edge-edge bite 146 (38.2%), severe overbite 70 (18.4%) with no negative overbite 0 (0%). The gender dissimilarity in dental occlusion pattern was not notable (p>.05). Mild overbite is preponderant and severe overbite is infrequent amid the Urhobos in Abraka, Nigeria.

Women in science: from images to data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jami
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract In recent decades research in the social sciences, including in the history of science, has shown that women scientists continue to be depicted as exceptions to the rule that a normal scientist is a man. The underlying message is that being an outstanding scientist is incompatible with being an ordinary woman. From women scientists’ reported experiences, we learn that family responsibilities as well as sexism in their working environment are two major hindrances to their careers. This experience is now backed by statistical analysis, so that what used to be regarded as an individual problem for each woman of science can now be identified as a multi-layered social phenomenon, to be analysed and remedied as such. Over the last five years, international scientific unions have come together to address these issues, first through the Gender Gap in Science Project, and recently through the setting up of a Standing Committee for Gender Equality in Science (SCGES) whose task is to foster measures to reduce the barriers that women scientists have to surmount in their working lives.

scholarly journals Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ribeiro Schilling ◽  
Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Marcia Angélica Peter Maahs
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Incisive Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in speech and dental occlusion in children with cleft lip and palate and verify their association with each other and with the time of primary plastic surgeries. Methods: a cross-sectional study with collected data on the subjects’ identification, age at the time of primary surgeries, and clinical assessment of speech and dental occlusion. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test were used to verify the associations between the variables at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: the sample comprised 11 children aged 6 to 10 years, most of whom were males, self-reported white, with trans-incisive foramen cleft, predominantly on the left side. The mean age at lip repair surgery was 6 months, and 13 months at palatoplasty. Among the main dental occlusion changes, posterior and anterior crossbite stood out. All the subjects presented changed speech, with a prevalence of cases with dentoalveolar and palatine deformities, followed by passive and active changes. Subjects with anterior crossbite tended to have undergone primary lip repair surgery at a mean of four months earlier than the subjects without anterior crossbite. Conclusions: the associations between speech and dental occlusion changes, and between these and the time of primary plastic surgeries were not statistically significant. Even though it is known that early lip repair surgery is ideal to favor oral functions and aesthetics, the results revealed a tendency towards anterior crossbite, in these subjects.

scholarly journals Gender, Educational Qualification and Ethnicity Differences in Personal Financial Management Practices among Generation Y in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rudy Ansar ◽  
Rudy Ansar ◽  
Mohd Rahimie Abd Karim ◽  
Zaiton Osman ◽  
Muhamad Shameer Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Ethnicity Differences

This paper examines gender, educational qualification, and ethnicity differences in personal financial management practices among Generation Y in Malaysia. The issue of this study concerns the number of young generation identified as Generation Y, who has been declared bankruptcy keep on increasing year-to-year. Therefore, this study focuses on Generation Y, who was born from 1981 to 2001 and included respondents from all the states of Malaysia. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS 25.0) was used to analyse a total of 119 valid questionnaires collected using the Chi-Square test. The findings displayed that only ethnicity differences in personal financial management practices among Generation Y in Malaysia were found. The results of the study can be used as guidelines by the Malaysian government agencies and policymakers. They can also enhance their knowledge regarding financial needs and education to improve peoples’ personal financial management practices as well as being an alternative in finding the solution to control the bankruptcy problem among members of Generation Y in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Have psychologists increased reporting of outliers in response to the reproducibility crisis?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrene D Valentine ◽  
Erin Michelle Buchanan ◽  
Arielle Cunningham ◽  
Tabetha Gaile Hopke ◽  
Addie Wikowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Data Points

Psychology is currently experiencing a "renaissance" where the replication and reproducibility of published reports are at the forefront of conversations in the field. While researchers have worked to discuss possible problems and solutions, work has yet to uncover how this new culture may have altered reporting practices in the social sciences. As outliers and other errant data points can bias both descriptive and inferential statistics, the search for these data points is essential to any analysis using these parameters. We quantified the rates of reporting of outliers and other data within psychology at two time points: 2012 when the replication crisis was born, and 2017, after the publication of reports concerning replication, questionable research practices, and transparency. A total of 2235 experiments were identified and analyzed, finding an increase in reporting from only 15.7% of experiments in 2012 to 25.0% in 2017. We investigated differences across years given the psychological field or statistical analysis that experiment employed. Further, we inspected whether data exclusions mentioned were whole participant observations or data points, and what reasons authors gave for stating the observation was deviant. We conclude that while report rates are improving overall, there is still room for improvement in the reporting practices of psychological scientists which can only aid in strengthening our science.

scholarly journals CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS BETWEEN POTENTIALLY PAINFUL PROCEDURES AND PAIN CONTROL STRATEGIES IN A NEONATAL UNIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Caroline Leite Costa ◽  
Fernanda Lopes de Araújo ◽  
Delma Aurélia da Silva Simão ◽  
Mariana Bueno ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Marcatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Belo Horizonte

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe potentially painful procedures performed in neonates and their relation with pain relief strategies. Method: a longitudinal correlational study, conducted from October to December 2014, with 50 neonates admitted to neonatal units of a public maternity hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Procedures were analyzed in the first two weeks of life of neonates admitted with up to three hours of life and born at the maternity hospital in which the study was conducted. Data was submitted to descriptive, comparative and correlational analyses using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: most newborns were male (n=32; 64%), premature (n=34; 69.4%) and hospitalized for having respiratory disorders (n=45; 91.8%). A total of 894 painful and of 2883 potentially painful procedures related to daily care were recorded. Non-pharmacological pain relief strategies were used in 49 (98%) neonates, while pharmacological strategies were used in nine (18%). Correlational analyses revealed the difficulty of drug treatment management and the underuse of non-pharmacological strategies as adjuvant to severe pain procedures. Conclusion: neonates underwent many potentially painful procedures, and it was found that pain relief methods are underused and that training on pain assessment and treatment is necessary in order to make these practices part of the care process.

scholarly journals The Resilience of Adolescent Participants in Social Projects for Sport

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewerton Dantas Cortês Neto ◽  
Maihana Maira Cruz Dantas ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Maia ◽  
Irami Araújo Filho ◽  
Eulália Maria Chaves Maia
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the resilience of adolescents participants and non-participants of social projects for sports relating it to their sociodemographic profile. Cross-section Study, comparative and analytical, covered 134 adolescents, from ages 12 to 17, residing in a social zone of high vulnerability in a Northeastern Brazilian city. The data collected was obtained through structured interviews and a questionnaire/resilience scale, developed by Wagnild and Young (1993). The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used, especially the Student ‘T’ Test for the independent samples and the chi-square test. In both cases, the statistical significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The overall mean resilience was 110.6 (±15.9) and the participants in social projects demonstrated better resilience (p = 0.063), with a predominance of male gender, age group 15 to 17 years old, without health problems, parents (father/mother) self-employed, retired, pensioner or unemployed with income less than 1 minimum wage, without alcohol/cigarette and other drugs. The participants of the social projects presented a better level of resilience, even though there were several unfavorable situations and many risks presented as well.

scholarly journals Assessment of the rationale behind the concurrent practice of conventional and computed radiography in two federal hospitals in Maiduguri, Borno state

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Moi Alhamdu ◽  
Ukeme Pius ◽  
Joseph Dlama
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Backup System ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Referring Physicians

Objectives: To determine the rationale behind the concurrent practice of conventional and computed radiography systems in two federal hospitals and to determine the advantages and disadvantages Methodology: Fifty-one questionnaires comprising 22 items and divided into four sections were distributed to radiologists, radiographers and intern radiographers. Analysis was carried out using the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Chi-square was used to test the hypothesis with the significance level of p&lt;0.05. Results: Most respondents (68.6%, n=35) agreed that the incidence of preference of one radiographic system over the other by referring physicians was the main rationale for the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems in their departments. Majority (88.2%, n=45) agreed that the main advantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems was that each radiographic system could serve as backup in the event of breakdown of one system. Majority (66.7%, n=34) agreed that the main disadvantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems was that it was expensive to practice and maintain both systems concurrently. Chi square value was statistically significant p&lt;0.005. Conclusion: The major rationale was preference by referring physicians. The study revealed the advantages of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems and the provision of a backup system in the event of break down. The disadvantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems is the cost of maintenance and the incidence of undue preference of one radiographic system over another. Acknowledgement: we acknowledge the management and staff of Radiology departments of the two hospitals where the study took place.

scholarly journals Prescription errors and administration of injectable antimicrobials in a public hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionara Vieira Rocha Da Mota ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ribeiro Fernandes Almeida ◽  
Lucas Brasileiro Lemos ◽  
Mario Borges Rosa ◽  
Gisele Da Silveira Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level Of Significance

To analyze the errors of prescription and administration of antimicrobials powder for solution for injection in a public hospital. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a public hospital, in which antimicrobials prescriptions and administrations were analyzed for patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Medical Clinic (CM) from November 2015 to February 2016. The tabulation and data analysis were done in Epidata software version 3.1 of 2008 and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In the statistical analysis, chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact test were applied when necessary. The level of significance was 5%. Among the statistically significant results, the following are the errors related to medical prescription with the variables: age at 57% and medical specialty at 67%, both at the ICU; bed with 30% and hospitalization unit with 37%, both in CM. In the administration of antimicrobials, statistically significant differences were observed only in the failure to identify the patient (30% in CM). Regarding the use of antimicrobials, Cefepime was the most prescribed with 65.1%. In view of these aspects, it is extremely important that errors arising from an incomplete and misleading prescribing are identified, to propose improvements in the medication system, in order to prevent errors, and to promote a more rational antibiotic therapy, avoiding infections.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA GURU TERHADAP DISIPLIN BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Iswan ◽  
Indah Hadidah
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Student Discipline ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Regression Test

The purpose of this study are 1) knowing the application of the work discipline of teachers in SDN 02 Sawangan Depok, 2) knowing the application of student learning discipline in SDN 02 Sawangan Depok, and 3) knowing the effect of the teacher's work discipline on the learning discipline of fourth grade students in the SDN 02 Sawangan Depok.This research uses a quantitative approach. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 30 students as respondents. Test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire in this study using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program with type 21.00.The results showed that 1) based on the results of the rating scale analysis test obtained a questionnaire value of 1150 with intervals ranging from 1081-1440. This means that the application of the work discipline of teachers in SDN 02 Sawangan Depok in the category of "Very Good". 2) the application of student learning discipline in class IV at SDN 02 Sawangan Depok based on the results of the scalae rating analysis test obtained a questionnaire value of 1494 the interval ranged from 1441-1920, so it can be concluded student discipline in the SDN 02 Sawangan Depok in the category of "Very Good". 3) there is a significant influence between the teacher's work discipline on student learning discipline at SDN 02 Sawangan Depok which is supported by a correlation number of 0.409 bigger than rtable 0.374 at a significance level of 5% and also the results of the F test which show an Fcount of 5.617 bigger than Ftable of 4.20. Because the value of the correlation test shows rcount bigger than of rtable and the results of a simple regression test show that Fcount bigger than Ftable it can be stated that the hypothesis there is an influence between the teacher's work discipline variables on student learning discipline is accepted. While seen from the coefficient of determination (R) of 16.7% it is known that the influence between the teacher's work discipline variables on student learning discipline is 16.7% which is quite influential.

scholarly journals Compliance with Standard Precautions among Midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mergy Gayatri ◽  
Oluwadamilare Akingbade ◽  
Emmanuel O. Adesuyi ◽  
Roland Arung Pirade ◽  
Natasha Van Antwerpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: While the COVID-19 pandemic has spread across nations in significant terms, midwives who play a crucial role in offering maternal and child care amid the pandemic stand a high risk of being infected. Examining their level of compliance with the standard precautions amid the pandemic is important.Purpose: To assess the level of compliance of midwives in Indonesia with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage and hand washing.Methods: In June 2020, an online cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1520 midwives in Indonesia during the early onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Association between demographic variables and compliance with standard precautions was measured using Chi-square test. Results: Approximately 74% of midwives used PPE and masks when outside while more than 40% of them did not always wash their hands after they touch an object outside home. A significant association was found between level of education (p =.001), region (p =.000) and mask usage. However, association between ethnicity and mask usage; region and handwashing were not significant.   Conclusion: Majority of the midwives in Indonesia complied with PPE usage, but majority did not adhere to hand washing. This highlights the need for appropriate interventions to improve compliance to standard precautions in a bid to curtail further spread of the pandemic.

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