Mixing Process of Natural and Synthetic Polyisoprene Rubbers

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ponce ◽  
R. R. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Mixing Times ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract The mixing process, in a Brabender Plasticorder with a cam-type mixing head, was studied with NR (natural Hevea rubber), GR (natural guayule rubber) and IR (synthetic polyisoprene) at two different temperatures (60 and 80°C), with three types of carbon black (EPC, FEF and HAF), each one at three different concentrations (30, 50 and 70 phr). Samples for analysis were obtained at six different mixing times. Development of mixing and dispersion was evaluated through the black incorporation times (BIT), energy consumption, and tensile properties, which have been correlated to the degree of dispersion determined by low resolution microscopy. BIT, Optimum Mixing Times and the energy consumed to reach those points are lower for GR and IR than for NR. Compounds obtained at Optimum Mixing Times show that GR has a lower modulus, similar tensile strength and higher elongations.

Tensile Properties of Natural and Synthetic Rubbers at Elevated and Subnormal Temperatures

1950 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. T. T. Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Abstract It is necessary to determine the physical properties of rubbers at relatively high temperatures when products made from them are to be used at such temperatures in actual service. The term heat aging is used when the vulcanizate is tested at room temperature, exposed to elevated temperatures for given periods of time, and then tested again at room temperature. The term high-temperature strength is proposed for values obtained when the vulcanizates are tested at the actual higher service temperatures. Effective comparison of natural and synthetic rubbers is best obtained by determining tensile product values, which are the result of the combining of tensile strength and elongation values. In the evaluating of vulcanizates of tire compounds of various rubbers, another factor must be taken into account. Synthetic-rubber tires develop more heat in service than do natural-rubber tires, and the former therefore generally operate at higher temperatures than do the latter. Synthetic-rubber tires therefore require a greater high temperature strength than do natural rubber tires, but, as has been shown, synthetic rubbers actually have a lower high-temperature strength. The part played by carbon black with respect to the tensile properties of some synthetic rubbers is considered that of a substitute for crystallization in natural and other synthetic rubbers, which substitute does not, however, possess the same favorable features. Carbon black even in noncrystallizing rubbers does not increase strength; it merely shifts the optimum strength value to a higher temperature so that this temperature is in the room temperature range. The temperature coefficient of strength for Butyl and Neoprene rubbers is so large at room temperature that a few degrees' difference in temperature causes large changes in strength. The tensile strength and elongation at break of these two rubbers decrease sharply between 20 and 40° C.

scholarly journals Effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon-black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

By using a semi-efficient sulphur vulcanisation system, the effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were investigated. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled SBR compounds. The ALK loadings were 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that ALK decreased the scorch and cure times of the CB-filled SBR compounds. ALK also improved the tensile modulus and tensile strength; especially up to a 5.0 phr of loading. The crosslink density measurement proved that the 5.0 phr of ALK exhibited the highest degree of crosslink density which caused the highest in tensile modulus and tensile strength. Due to its plasticity effect, ALK increased the elongation at break of the CB-filled SBR vulcanisates.

Influence of Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of AZ31 Sheets

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Quan Li ◽  
Qu Dong Wang ◽  
Wen Jiang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Rolling Texture ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Rolling Temperature ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Different Temperatures

Microstructure and tensile properties of AZ31 rolled at different temperatures were characterized. Rolling of extruded AZ31 plates was carried out at room temperature, 573K, 623K and 673K. Cold rolling of extruded AZ31 plates was difficult due to the poor formability at room temperature. And deformation twinning plays an important role in rolling of AZ31 alloy at room temperature. The microstructural analysis showed that the nucleation of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred at 573K, DRX was almost completed at 623K and grain growth was determined at 673K. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as large as 377MPa was achieved after rolled at 573K. And the anisotropy in strength was obviously examined due to the rolling texture. The anisotropy reduced as rolling temperature increasing from 573K to 673K and this may be attributed to the completion of DRX.

scholarly journals The Effect of pre-aging treatments on Tensile Properties and Hardness for Aluminum Alloys

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Mahmoud AlAssaad ◽  
Mohamad Yehea Al nefawy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
6061 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Step ◽  
Hardness Values

Abstract— In this research the effect of artificial aging on tensile strength and hardness for Al-Mg-Si (6061 Aluminum alloy) was study, samples from 6061 alloy were submitted to one step artificial aging for different temperatures, while others samples were submitted to two steps artificial aging (where there is a first stage as pre-aging) in descending and ascending modes. The results showed that the highest tensile strength values were reached 214.7 [N/mm2] and hardness were reached 220 [HB] for 6061 Aluminum alloy when the samples were treated by one-step ageing in 190 [°C] for 3 [hour]. While tensile strength and hardness values of samples treated by two-step ageing were slightly higher than these values when the samples was aged at one stage. Where the maximum values of tensile strength was 215 [N/mm2] and for hardness was 227 [HB] when the 6061 alloy treated with two-step ageing the first one in 175 [°C] for 2 [hour] and the second one in 205 [°C] for 1 [hour].

The Evolution of Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of Na-Modified Al-Mg2Si In Situ Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khorshidi ◽  
A. Honarbakhsh Raouf ◽  
M. Emamy ◽  
H.R. Jafari Nodooshan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
In Situ Composite ◽  
Different Temperatures

The effect of different solution temperatures has been investigated on the tensile properties of Na-modified Al-Mg2Si in situ composite specimens which were subjected to solutionizing at different temperatures of 480 °C, 500 °C and 520 °C for holding time of 4 h followed by quenching. Tensile test results indicated that elongation value gradually increases upon solution treatment whereas ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reduces. The results of solution treatment also showed that the highest quality index is achieved in 500 °C (354 MPa) and so it is revealed optimum solutionizing temperature level (500 °C) for improving tensile properties.

WIELAND-FX9

Alloy Digest ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Bronze Alloy ◽  
Good Strength

Abstract Wieland-FX9 is a high-manganese bronze alloy that has good strength and is available in numerous cold work tempers related to its minimum tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-801. Producer or source: Wieland Metals Inc..

DOGAL 600 and 800 DP

Alloy Digest ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength

Abstract Dogal 600 and 800 DP are high-strength steels with a microstructure that contains ferrite, which is soft and formable, and martensite, which is hard and contributes to the strength of the steel. The designation relates to the lowest tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-160. Producer or source: SSAB Swedish Steel Inc. and SSAB Swedish Steel.

LUCEFIN GROUP C30 (1.0528), C30E (1.1178), C30R (1.1179)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract Lucefin Group C30, C30E, and C30R are medium-carbon, non-alloy steels that are used in the normalized, cold worked, or quenched and tempered condition. C30E and C30R may also be flame or induction hardened. C30, C30E, and C30R are widely used for small, moderately stressed parts, where higher strength levels are needed than can be achieved in the lower carbon grades, and also where toughness is more important than high tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-206. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A.

TOUGHMET 2CX

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Severe Loading

Abstract ToughMet 2 CX is a Cu-9Ni-6Sn alloy that combines low coefficient of friction with wear resistance. ToughMet alloys are a line of spinodal hardened Cu-Ni antigalling alloys for bearings capable of performing with a variety of shafting materials and lubricants. The alloys combine a high lubricity with wear resistance in these severe loading conditions. ToughMet 2CX in the cast and spinodally hardened (CX) condition exhibits tensile strength in excess of 724 MPa (105 ksi) and hardness exceeding HRC 27 with excellent machinability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: Cu-819. Producer or source: Materion Brush Performance Alloys.

BRUSH ALLOY 190

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Beryllium Copper ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract Brush Alloy 190 is a mill-heat treated beryllium copper strip with a tensile strength up to 190,000 psi. It eliminates the need of customer heat-treating by providing high properties combined with exceptional formability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-194. Producer or source: Brush Beryllium Company.

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