Recent Advances in Knowledge of Rubber Friction and Tire Wear

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schallamach
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good For ◽  
Road Testing

Abstract Progress in the last few years in understanding rubber friction and tire wear justifies a survey of developments since a review of the subject in 1958. Work on fundamental of friction and abrasion has mainly evolved from conceptions formed in the earlier investigations; it had, however, not been realized that wear of tires and, indeed, abrasion on certain laboratory machines brings into play gross properties of the tire or testpiece which affect rate of wear just as much as the actual abrasion resistance of the tread compound. This new field of research has led to rationalization of road testing, and has helped to bridge the gap between laboratory and road. A report on these developments is given. Much of the work is concerned with the viscoelastic nature of rubber friction and abrasion, which has come to light through the experimentally established validity of the rate-temperature equivalence principle for these processes. This principle, which holds good for all viscoelastic processes, is briefly described in the next section in order not to interrupt the subsequent argument.

THE G77@50 AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A DECOLONIAL FUTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Siphamandla Zondi
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good For

 This introductory article outlines the importance of the subject discussed in this edition of UNISA’s Latin American Report, the Group of 77+ China. It seeks to locate this discussion at the centre of the search for an alternative world to one that remains haunted by colonial legacies and new imperial designs. It makes the point that the G77 is born into an evolving pursuit of a dream for a world in which former colonies realise fully their aspirations for a future that is good for all. It shows that the G77 has played a crucial role in this, while it also poses questions about the Group’s ability to implement what it works so hard to reach consensus on.

Assessing the Benefit of Innovations in ATC

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-320
Author(s):  
S. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Free Flight ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Subject

Recent advances in technology have encouraged proposals for new approaches to ATC in Europe and elsewhere. Two such proposals, both rather loosely framed, are for ‘free flight’ or for ‘seamless contracts’; otherwise ‘tubes of flight’. These concepts, and variations on them, aim to increase the traffic capacity of the airspace. They have been the subject of numerous published papers. Given the declared objects of these systems, it is surprising that, nearly without exception, these papers discuss the proposals only in qualitative terms. The present paper discusses idealised versions of these systems on the basis of quantitative studies. It is concluded that the ‘seamless contract’ is very probably unworkable in Europe. ‘free flight’ is workable in principle, but there is a need for investigation of possible mechanisms by which last-minute problems may be resolved.

Failure of Rubber by Abrasion

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl T. R. Pulford
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Wear Model ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Physical Principles

Abstract This short review presents the landmark discoveries and ideas in rubber abrasion that have brought the field to where it is today. First, the important features of rubber abrasion are reviewed as background for a physical model for the abrasion of rubber. The model, due to Thomas, is described in detail, since it clearly shows the connection between the failure of rubber by abrasive wear and the appropriate rubber fracture properties. The implications of the model for improved abrasion resistance are also discussed. Then, physical principles are applied to the failure of rubber by abrasion in actual products, such as tires. The tire wear model of Schallamach and Turner is described, together with its success in explaining several features of tire wear.

The carbon-carbon triple bond as a tool to design organic semiconductors for photovoltaic applications: an assessment of prospects and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Seri ◽  
Assunta Marrocchi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Triple Bond ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intense Research

Alkyne-containing organic semiconductors are once again becoming the subject of intense research focus, and recent advances have significantly enhanced their performance in optoelectronics. This perspective focuses on the results achieved...

scholarly journals Selenoproteins and Their Impact on Human Health Through Diverse Physiological Pathways

Physiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Moghadaszadeh ◽  
Alan H. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physiological Pathways ◽  
Complex Regulation

In the last few decades, the importance of selenium in human health has been the subject of numerous studies. It is believed that the physiological effects of selenium occur mainly through the function of selenoproteins, which incorporate selenium in the form of one or more selenocysteine residues. Recent advances in understanding the complex regulation of selenoprotein synthesis and functional characterization of several members of the selenoprotein family have contributed to an improved comprehension of the role(s) of selenium in human health and the great diversity of physiological pathways influenced by this trace element.

scholarly journals Some Remarks on Stellar Pulsation

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 528-537
Author(s):  
Douglas Gough
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Stellar Pulsation ◽  
The Subject

AbstractI wondered at first why I had been asked to perform the task of commenting on the scientific discussion of this meeting, until a member of the Scientific Organising Committee pointed out to me that I have not published a serious paper on the subject of the colloquium in his memory (I am not sure whether this is more a statement of the seriousness of my publications, of my publication frequency or of the duration of Jørgen’s memory); however, I am presumably considered to be unbiased by recent advances. Nevertheless, the time allotted (for the oral address) and the corresponding space (in these published proceedings) are inadequate for a complete and balanced review – in any case, that is hardly either desirable or necessary, since the discussions are all still fresh in our minds – and therefore I have been freed to comment personally on some selected issues that have captured my interest.

Tire Wear at Controlled Slip

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Grosch ◽  
A. Schallamach
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Relative Wear ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract Tire wear at controlled slip, as realized by setting the wheels of a trailer at a slip angle, obeys the theoretically predicted square law dependence on the slip angle if allowance is made for the effect of temperature and abrasion patterns on the abrasion resistance of the tread compound. The temperature of the tire surface and the intensity of the abrasion patterns increase with increasing slip angle; the severity dependence of the relative wear rating of any two types of tire is largely due to differences in temperature and abrasion pattern coefficients. This applies also to wear on wet roads. The order of magnitude of the absolute wear rates agrees well with the values calculated from the abrasion resistance of tread compounds and the mechanical properties of the tire.

Recent Advances in the Teaching of Mathematics

1917 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
R. H. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Vital Interest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teaching Of Mathematics ◽  
Extended Discussion

In attempting a discussion of our subject, we are confronted by three possible lines of attack: First, what advances, if any, in the subject matter that is presented in the ordinary courses in mathematics; second, what improvements are to be noted in the methods of presentation of mathematical subjects to the classes; and third, what advancement is worthy of note among teachers of mathematics as to their professional training and fitness to be recognized as leaders in their chosen profession. Any one of these lines of thought is capable of extended discussion which exceeds the limits of this paper. We shall, therefore, set forth under each some points which appeal to us as worthy of presentation on a subject of such vital interest to us all.

scholarly journals Budding of Enveloped Viruses: Interferon-Induced ISG15—Antivirus Mechanisms Targeting the Release Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Joo Seo ◽  
Jonathan Leis
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Viral Membrane ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Target

Pathogenic strains of viruses that infect humans are encapsulated in membranes derived from the host cell in which they infect. After replication, these viruses are released by a budding process that requires cell/viral membrane scission. As such, this represents a natural target for innate immunity mechanisms to interdict enveloped virus spread and recent advances in this field will be the subject of this paper.

scholarly journals A contribution to the comparative biochemistry of muscular and electrical tissues

1937 ◽  
Vol 122 (827) ◽  
pp. 197-219 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Comparative Biochemistry ◽  
Jaw Muscles ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Significant Bearing

Recent advances in the biochemistry of muscle have made it clear that the disappearance of glycogen and the resynthesis of phosphocreatine during anaerobic contraction are connected by a complex cyclical system of reactions in which a leading part is played by adenylic compounds (see for example Ostern, Baranowski and Reis 1935; Needham and van Heyningen 1935; Lehmann 1935). The subject has recently been summarized by Parnas (1936); full details and references will be found in his review. The present paper reports the results of some comparative work on the presence of similar systems in some hitherto unexamined tissues. These were, first, the electrical organs of the ray Torpedo , which, although extensively modified in the course of their development, arise from pre-muscular tissue in the embryo and may therefore be regarded in some measure as muscular in origin. We also used the striated jaw muscles of a typical echinoid and the smooth muscles of the body wall of a holothurian. In addition we determined the type of phosphagen present in representatives of two other groups of Echinodermata, the Ophiuroidea and the Crinoidea, which have not hitherto been examined. The results on echinoderm muscle have a significant bearing upon the phylogenetic aspects of our knowledge of the distribution of the phosphagens. A preliminary communication has already appeared (Baldwin and Needham 1936).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document